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A review of the ecology and conservation of the Andean Flamingo Phoenicoparrus andinus and Puna Flamingo P. jamesi in South America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2024

Enrique J. Derlindati ,
Felicity Arengo ,
Matías Michelutti ,
Marcelo C. Romano ,
Heber Sosa Fabre ,
Enver Ortiz ,
Omar Rocha ,
Alex E. Jahn Open the ORCID record for Alex E. Jahn [Opens in a new window] ,
Mariana M. Chanampa  and
Ignacio M. Barberis Open the ORCID record for Ignacio M. Barberis [Opens in a new window]
Enrique J. Derlindati
Affiliation:
Biología de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), 4400 Salta, Argentina Grupo de Conservación Flamencos Altoandinos (GCFA)
Felicity Arengo
Affiliation:
Grupo de Conservación Flamencos Altoandinos (GCFA) Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
Matías Michelutti
Affiliation:
Grupo de Conservación Flamencos Altoandinos (GCFA) Tucumán 276, X5143 Miramar, Córdoba, Argentina
Marcelo C. Romano
Affiliation:
Grupo de Conservación Flamencos Altoandinos (GCFA) Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Ambiente (ECOSUR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
Heber Sosa Fabre
Affiliation:
Grupo de Conservación Flamencos Altoandinos (GCFA) Fundación para el Estudio en Intervención Socioambiental (FEISA), Godoy Cruz 5501, Mendoza, Argentina
Enver Ortiz
Affiliation:
Grupo de Conservación Flamencos Altoandinos (GCFA) Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Huertos de San Antonio, Surco, Lima 33, Peru
Omar Rocha
Affiliation:
Grupo de Conservación Flamencos Altoandinos (GCFA) BioparqueMunicipal Vesty Pakos, La Paz, Bolivia
Alex E. Jahn
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
Mariana M. Chanampa
Affiliation:
Cátedra de Epistemología y Metodología de la Ciencia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), 4400 Salta, Argentina
Ignacio M. Barberis*
Affiliation:
Grupo de Conservación Flamencos Altoandinos (GCFA) Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Zavalla, Argentina
*
Corresponding author: Ignacio M. Barberis; Email: [email protected]
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Summary

There are six species of flamingos in the world, all under pressure from human activities in their wetland habitats. Obtaining global population estimates for flamingos is challenging because of their broad geographical range, nomadic movements, capacity for long-distance flight, and the complexity of international monitoring. Two species, the Andean Flamingo Phoenicoparrus andinus and Puna Flamingo P. jamesi, during key parts of their life cycle, use wetlands in the Andes of South America, where they coexist at various sites. We compiled historical information on population estimates and ecology for these two species and integrated data collected on regional simultaneous censuses to describe population trends, current and emerging threats, and provide recommendations for conservation action. Long-term population trends have been difficult to establish given the unreliability of population estimates prior to the late 1990s. Systematic, regional censuses carried out regularly since 1997 have produced robust population estimates for the Andean and Puna flamingos (most recently, 78,000 and 154,000, respectively) and show populations of both species to be stable and increasing. Increasingly rapid changes in wetlands caused by human activities such as industrial-scale mining in breeding and foraging sites in the high Andes wetlands, and agro-industrial activities in their lowland wintering sites, focused on areas of the highest concentrations of flamingos pose threats to their survival and ability to reproduce. In addition, climate change is projected to reduce wetland habitats and some localised effects have already been detected. Continued research on the ecological drivers of flamingo abundance, movements, and population genetics to understand population structure and dynamics are necessary, as well as the identification of response variables to changing environmental conditions. Interdisciplinary and systems-level approaches in the context of international collaboration in monitoring and conservation planning among a diversity of stakeholders will be required to safeguard flamingo populations and wetland habitats.

Keywords

Action planAndesConservation prioritiesPhoenicopteridaeWetlands
Type
Review Article
Information
Bird Conservation International , Volume 34 , 2024 , e37
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of BirdLife International

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