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Learning words in a new language: Orthography doesn't always help*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 September 2013

PAOLA ESCUDERO ,
ELLEN SIMON  and
KAREN E. MULAK
PAOLA ESCUDERO*
Affiliation:
MARCS Institute, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, Australia
ELLEN SIMON
Affiliation:
Ghent University, Linguistics Department, Ghent, Belgium
KAREN E. MULAK
Affiliation:
MARCS Institute, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Paola Escudero, MARCS Institute, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia[email protected]
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Abstract

Previous studies have shown that orthography is activated during speech processing and that it may have positive and negative effects for non-native listeners. The present study examines whether the effect of orthography on non-native word learning depends on the relationship between the grapheme–phoneme correspondences across the native and non-native orthographic systems. Specifically, congruence between grapheme–phoneme correspondences across the listeners’ languages is predicted to aid word recognition, while incongruence is predicted to hinder it. Native Spanish listeners who were Dutch learners or naïve listeners (with no exposure to Dutch) were taught Dutch pseudowords and their visual referents. They were trained with only auditory forms or with auditory and orthographic forms. During testing, non-native listeners were less accurate when the target and distractor pseudowords formed a minimal pair (differing in only one vowel) than when they formed a non-minimal pair, and performed better on perceptually easy than on perceptually difficult minimal pairs. For perceptually difficult minimal pairs, Dutch learners performed better than naïve listeners and Dutch proficiency predicted learners’ word recognition accuracy. Most importantly and as predicted, exposure to orthographic forms during training aided performance on minimal pairs with congruent orthography, while it hindered performance on minimal pairs with incongruent orthography.

Keywords

word learningword recognitionorthographycongruence between orthographic systemsnon-native listeners
Type
Research Article
Information
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , April 2014 , pp. 384 - 395
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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Footnotes

*

This research was initiated and supported by grant 275.75.005 from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) awarded to PE. ES's work was supported by a post-doctoral research grant from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and KM's work was supported by PE's start-up research funds awarded by the University of Western Sydney. We thank Etske Ooijevaar and Irene ter Avest for help with data collection. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions.

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