Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T08:18:52.609Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Social Skills Training for Children: A Methodological and Clinical Review of Behavior Modification Studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2009

Steven Beck
Affiliation:
Ohio State University, University of Georgia
Rex Forehand
Affiliation:
Ohio State University, University of Georgia

Extract

The purpose of this paper was to review the methodological rigor and clinical implications of behavior modification studies in which social skills have been taught to socially deficient children. Thirty two studies were reviewed. The following four treatment approaches were identified and reviewed: adult contingent attention; peer-mediated strategies; modeling; and treatment packages. The clinical merits and limitation of each approach are discussed. Identification and possible target behaviors for neglected and rejected children are outlined. It appears however that conclusions are not warranted at this time about the relative effectiveness of the four treatment strategies. Research issues such as subject selection and the need to document that skills acquired during training are associated with relevant outcome measures are discussed. Finally, suggestions for future social skills studies are offered.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, K. E., Hart, B., Buell, J. S., Harris, F. G. and Wolf, M. M. (1964). Effects of social reinforcement on isolate behavior of a nursery school child. Child Development 35, 511518.Google ScholarPubMed
Argyle, M. and Kendon, A. (1967). The Experimental analysis of social performance. In Advances in Experimental Social Psycholody (Vol. 3), Berkowitz, L. (Ed.), New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Atkeson, B. M. and Forehand, R. (1979). Home based reinforcement programs designed to modify classroom behavior: a review and methodological evaluation. Psychological Bulletin 86, 12981308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bandura, A. (1969). Social learning theory of identificatory processes. In Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research. Goslin, D. (Ed.), New York: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Bellack, A. S. (1979). A critical appraisal of strategies for assessing social skills. Behavioral Assessment 1, 157176.Google Scholar
Bornstein, M. R., Bellack, A. S. and Hersen, M. (1977). Social skills training for unassertive children: a multiple baseline analysis. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis 10, 183195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bornstein, M., Bellack, A. S. and Hersen, M. (1980). Social skill training for highly aggressive children: treatment in an inpatient psychiatric setting. Behavior Modification 4, 173186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buell, J., Stoddard, P., Harris, E. R. and Baer, D. M. (1968). Collateral social development accompanying reinforcement of outdoor play in a preschool child. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1, 167173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, J. D. and Yarrow, M. R. (1961). Perceptual and behavioral correlates of social effectiveness. Sociometry 24, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combs, M. L. and Slaby, D. A. (1977). Social-skills training with children. In Advances in Clinical Child Psychology (Vol. 1), Lahey, B. B. and Kazdin, A. E. (Eds), New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Combs, M. L. and Lahey, B. B. (1981). Evaluation of a cognitive social skills training program for young children: lack of generalized effects. Behavior Modification 5, 3960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conger, J. C. and Keane, S. P. (1981). Social skills intervention in the treatment of isolated or withdrawn children. Psychological Bulletin 90, 478495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooke, T. and Apolloni, T. (1976). Developing positive social-emotive behaviors: a study of training and generalization effects. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 9, 6578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cowen, E. L., Pederson, A., Babigan, H., Izzo, L. D. and Trost, M. A. (1973). Long-term follow-up of early detected vulnerable children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 41, 438446.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D. and Brakke, N. P. (1983). Behavior patterns of socially rejected and neglected preadolescents: the roles of social approach and aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology (in press).Google Scholar
Dowrick, P. W. (1979). Single dose medication to create a self model film. Child Behavior Therapy 1, 193198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisler, R. M., Miller, P. M. and Hersen, M. Components of assertive behavior.Journal of Clinical Psychology 29, 295299.3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evers, W. and Schwarz, J. (1973). Modifying social withdrawal in pre-schoolers: the effects of filmed modeling and teacher praise. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 1, 248256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evers-Pasquale, W. and Sherman, M. (1975). The reward value of peers: a variable influencing the efficacy of filmed modeling in modifying social interaction in pre-schoolers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 3, 179189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiedler, D. and Beach, L. R. (1978). On the decision to be assertive. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 46, 537546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furman, W., Rahe, D. F. and Hartup, W. W. (1979). Rehabilitation of socially-withdrawn pre-school children through mixed-age and same-age socialization. Child Development 50, 915922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gay, M., Hollandsworth, J. and Galassi, J. (1975). An assertiveness inventory for adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology 22, 340344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottman, J. (1977). The effects of a modeling film on social isolation in preschool children: a methodological investigation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 5, 6978.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottman, J., Gonso, J. and Rasmussen, B. (1975). Social interaction, social competence and friendship in children. Child Development 46, 179197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottman, J., Gonso, J. and schuler, P. (1976). Teaching social skills to isolated children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 4, 179197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gresham, F. M. and Nagle, R. J. (1980). Social skills training with children: responsiveness to modeling and coaching as a function of peer orientation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 48, 718729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hart, B. M., Reynolds, N. J., Baer, D., Brauley, E. R. and Harris, F. R. (1968). Effects of contingent and noncontingent social reinforcement on the cooperative play of a pre-school child. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1, 7378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartup, W., Glazer, J. and Charlesworth, R. (1967). Peer reinforcement and sociometric status. Child Development 38, 10171024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hersen, M. (1980). Modification of skill deficits in psychiatric patients. In Research and Practice in Social Skills Training, Bellack, A. S. and Hersen, M. (Eds), New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Hops, H. and Greenwald, C. R. (1981). Social skill deficits. In Behavioral Assessment of Childhood Disorders, Mash, E. J. and Terdal, L. G. (Eds), New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Jakibchuk, L. and Smeriglio, V. L. (1976). The influence of symbolic modeling on the social behavior of pre-school children with low levels of social responsiveness. Child Development 47, 838841.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeley, S. M., Shemberg, K. M. and Carbonell, J. (1976). Operant clinical invervention: behavior management or beyond? Where are the data. Behavior Therapy, 7, 292305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, M. and Carlson, P. (1974). The use of symbolic modeling to promote social skills in pre-school children with low levels of social responsiveness. Child Development 45, 912919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirby, F. D. and Toler, H. C. (1970). Modification of pre-school isolate behavior. A case study. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 3, 309314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladd, G. W. (1981). Effectiveness of a social learning method for enhancing children's social interaction and peer acceptance. Child Development 52, 171178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
La Greca, A. M. and Mesilov, G. B. (1979). Social skills intervention with learning disabled children: selecting skills and implementing training. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 8, 234241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
La Greca, A. M. and Santogrossi, D. A. (1980). Social skills training with elementary school students: a behavioral group approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 48, 220227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matson, J. L., Esveldt-Dawson, K., Andrasik, F., Ollendick, T. H., Petti, T. and Hersen, M. (1980). Direct observational and generalization effects of social skills training with emotionally disturbed children. Behavior Therapy 11, 522531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michelson, L. and Wood, R. (1980). A group assertive training program for elementary school children. Child Behavior Therapy 2, 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michelson, L., Fostor, S. L. and Ritchey, W. L. (1980). Social skills assessment of children. In Advances in Child Clinical Psychology. Lahey, B. B. and Kazdin, A. E. (Eds), New York: PlenumGoogle Scholar
Minkin, H., Braukman, C. J., Minkin, B. L., Timbers, G. D., Timbers, B. J., Fixsen, P. L., Phillips, E. L. and Wolf, W. M. (1976). The social validation and training of conversational skills. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 9, 127139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrison, R. L. and Bellack, A. S. (1981). The role of social perception in social skill. Behavior Therapy 12, 6979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connor, R. D. (1969). Modification of social withdrawal through symbolic modeling. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2, 1522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Connor, R. D. (1972). Relative efficacy of modeling, shaping, and the combined procedures for modification of social withdrawal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 79, 327334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oden, S. and Asher, S. R. (1977). Coaching children in social skills for friendship making. Child Development 48, 495506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ollendick, T. H. and Hersen, M. 1(79). Social skills for training juvenile delinquents. Behaviour Research and Therapy 17, 547554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, G. R. (1974). Interventions for boys with conduct problems: multiple settings, treatments, and criteria. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 42, 471481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinkston, E., Reese, N., LeBlanc, J. and Baer, D. (1973). Independent control of a preschool child's aggression and peer interaction by contingent teacher attention. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 6, 115124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ragland, E. U., Kerr, M. M. and Strain, P. S. (1981). Social play of withdrawn children: a study of the effects of teacher-mediated peer feedback. Behavior Modification 5, 347359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roff, M., Sells, B. and Golden, M. (1972). Social Adjustment and Personality Development in Children. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Ross, D., Ross, S. and Evans, T. A. (1971). The modification of extreme social withdrawal by modification with guided practice. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2, 273279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarason, I. G. and Ganzer, V. J. (1973). Modeling and group discussion in the rehabilitation of juvenile delinquents. Journal of Counseling Psychology 20, 442449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarason, I. G. and Sarason, B. R. (1981). Teaching cognitive and social skills to high school students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 49, 908918.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sloane, H. N., Johnson, M. K. and Bijou, S. W. (1967). Successive modification of aggressive behavior and aggressive fantasy play by management of contingencies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 8, 217226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stengel, E. (1971). Suicide and Attempted Suicide. Middlesex, Penguin.Google Scholar
Strain, P. S. (1977). An experimental analysis of peer social initiations on the behavior of withdrawn preschool children: some training and generalization effects. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 5, 445455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trower, P. (1980). Situational analysis of the components and processes of behavior of socially skilled and unskilled patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psycholody 48, 327339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ullman, C. A. (1957). Teachers, peers, and tests as predictors of adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology 48, 257267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, H. M. and Hops, H. (1973). The use of group and individual reinforcement contingencies in the modification of social withdrawal. In Behavior Change: Methodology. Concepts and Practice. Hamerlynck, L A, Hancy, L. C. and Mash, E. J. (Eds), Champaign, Illinois: Research Press.Google Scholar
Walker, H. M., Greenwood, C. R., Hops, H. and Todd, N. M. (1979). Differential effects of reinforcing topographic components of social interaction: analysis and direct replication. Behavior Modification 3, 291321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinrott, M. R., Carson, J. A. and Wilchesky, M. (1979). Teacher-mediated treatment of social withdrawal. Behavior Therapy 10, 281294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.