Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T02:40:32.313Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prognostic Factors in the Behavioral Treatment of Agoraphobia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2009

Lars Jansson ,
Lars-Göran Öst  and
Anita Jerremalm
Lars Jansson
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Research Center, University of Uppsala, Sweden
Lars-Göran Öst
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Research Center, University of Uppsala, Sweden
Anita Jerremalm
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Research Center, University of Uppsala, Sweden
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A multiple linear regression analysis was made on behavioral, questionnaire and other data from 40 agoraphobic patients, who participated in a behavioral outcome study. The dependent variable was treatment outcome as determined by changes in behavioral, subjective and physiological data after treatment and at 7-month and 15-month follow-up. The main predictors of outcome were self-rated anxiety and heart-rate at a behavioral test, and scores on the Autonomic Perception Questionnaire and Fear Survey Schedule-III, all related to the phobia. However, both level of depression and marital relationship were found to be weak predictors.

Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 15 , Issue 1 , January 1987 , pp. 31 - 44
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arrindell, W. A. and Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1985). Psychological profile of the spouse of the female agoraphobic patient personality and symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry 146, 405–414.Google Scholar
Barlow, D. H. and Beck, J. G. (1984). The psychosocial treatment of anxiety disorders: current status, future directions. In Psychotherapy Research: Where are we and where should we go?, Williams, I. B. and Spitzer, R. L. (Eds), New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression – causes and treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Bland, K. and Hallam, R. S. (1981). Relationship between response to graded exposure and marital satisfaction in agoraphobics. Behavior Research and Therapy 19, 335–338.Google Scholar
Cobb, J. P., Mathews, A. M., Childs-Clarke, A. and Blowers, C. M. (1984). The spouse as co-therapist in the treatment of agoraphobia. British Journal of Psychiatry 144, 282–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowe, M. J. (1978). Conjoint marital therapy: a controlled outcome study. Psychological Medicine 8, 623–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. and Van Hout, A. (1983). Failures in treating agoraphobics. In Failures in Behavior Therapy, Foa, E. B. and Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (Eds), New York: Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1980). Agoraphobics' interpersonal problems. Archieves of General Psychiatry 37, 1303–1306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. and Emmelkamp-Benner, A. (1975). Effects of historically portrayed modelling and group treatment on self-observation: A comparison with agoraphobics. Behavior Research and Therapy 11, 135–139.Google Scholar
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. and Kuipers, A. C. M. (1979). Agoraphobia: A follow-up study four years after treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry 134, 352–355.Google Scholar
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. and Wessels, H. (1975). Flooding in imagination vs flooding in vivo: A comparison with agoraphobics. Behavior Research and Therapy 13, 7–15.Google Scholar
Hafner, J. (1976). Fresh symptom emergence after intensive behaviour therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry 129, 378–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hafner, R. J. (1977). The husbands of agoraphobic women: assortative mating or pathogenic interaction? British Journal of Psychiatry 130, 233–239.Google Scholar
Hafner, R. J. (1979). Agoraphobic women married to abnormally jealous men. British Journal of Psychology 52, 99–104.Google Scholar
Hafner, R. J. and Ross, M. W. (1983). Predicting the outcome of behaviour therapy for agoraphobia. Behavior Research and Therapy 21, 375–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Himadi, W. G., Cerny, J. A., Barlow, D. H., Cohen, S. and O'Brien, G. T. (1986). The relationship of marital adjustment to agoraphobia treatment outcome. Behaviour Research and Therapy 24, 107–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hudson, B. (1974). The families of agoraphobics treated by behaviour therapy. British Journal of Social Work 4, 51–59.Google Scholar
Jansson, L. and Öst, L-G. (1982). Behavioral treatments for agoraphobia: an evaluative review. Clinical Psychology Review 2, 311–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, D. W., Lancashire, M., Mathews, A. M., Munby, M., Shaw, P. M. and Gelder, M. G. (1976). Imaginal flooding and exposure to real phobic situations: Changes during treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry 129, 372–377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mandler, G., Mandler, J. M. and Uviller, E. T. (1958). Autonomic feedback: the perception of autonomic activity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 56, 367–373.Google Scholar
Mathews, A. M., Johnston, D. W., Lancashire, M., Munby, M., Shaw, P. M. and Gelder, M. G. (1976). Imaginal flooding and exposure to real phobic situations: treatment outcome with agoraphobic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 129, 362–371.Google Scholar
Mathews, A. M., Johnston, D. W., Shaw, P. M. and Gelder, M. G. (1974). Process variables and the prediction of outcome in behaviour therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry 125, 256–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mavissakalian, M. and Michelson, L. (1986). Agoraphobia: Relative and combined effectiveness of therapist-assisted in vivo exposure and imipramine. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 47, 117–122.Google Scholar
Milton, F. and Hafner, J. (1979). The outcome of behavior therapy for agoraphobia in relation to marital adjustment. Archives of General Psychiatry 36, 807–811.Google Scholar
Monteiro, W., Marks, I. M. and Ramm, E. (1985). Marital adjustment and treatment outcome in agoraphobia. British Journal of Psychiatry 146, 383–390.Google Scholar
Öst, L-G., Jansson, L. and Jerremalm, A. (1984a). The agoraphobia scale: An evaluation of its reliability and validity. (Manuscript).Google Scholar
Öst, L-G., Jerremalm, A. and Jansson, L. (1984b). Individual response patterns and the effects of different behavioural methods in the treatment of agoraphobia. Behavior Research and Therapy 22, 697–707.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAS User's Guide (1982). SAS Institute Inc. Box 8000, Cary, NC 27511, USA.Google Scholar
Stern, R. and Marks, I. (1973). Brief and prolonged flooding. Archives of General Psychiatry 28, 270–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas-Peters, B. A., Jones, R. B., Sinnott, A. and Scott-Fordham, A. (1983). Prediction of outcome in the treatment of agoraphobia. Behavioural Psychotherapy 11, 320–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, G. L. and Burns, L. E. (1983). The Agoraphobic Syndrome, New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Vandereycken, W. (1983). Agoraphobia and marital relationship: Theory, treatment, and research. Clinical Psychology Review 3, 317–338.Google Scholar
Watson, J. P., Mullett, G. E. and Pillay, H. (1973). The effects of prolonged exposure to phobic situations upon agoraphobic patients treated in groups. Behavior Research and Therapy 11, 531–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolpe, J. and Lang, P. A. (1964). A fear scale for use in behaviour therapy. Behavior Research and Therapy 2, 27–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zitrin, C. M., Klein, D. F. and Woerner, M. (1980). Treatment of agoraphobia with group exposure in vivo and imipramine. Archives of General Psychiatry 37, 63–72.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.