Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T23:24:34.239Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

One-Year Follow-up of a Parent Management Training for Children with Externalizing Behaviour Problems in the Real World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2009

Christopher Hautmann ,
Herbert Hoijtink ,
Ilka Eichelberger ,
Charlotte Hanisch ,
Julia Plück ,
Daniel Walter  and
Manfred Döpfner
Christopher Hautmann
Affiliation:
University of Cologne, Germany
Herbert Hoijtink
Affiliation:
University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
Ilka Eichelberger
Affiliation:
University of Cologne, Germany
Charlotte Hanisch
Affiliation:
University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf, Germany
Julia Plück
Affiliation:
University of Cologne, Germany
Daniel Walter
Affiliation:
University of Cologne, Germany
Manfred Döpfner*
Affiliation:
University of Cologne, Germany
*
Reprint requests to Manfred Döpfner, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: The long-term effectiveness of parent training for children with externalizing behaviour problems under routine care within the German health care system is unclear. We report the 1-year follow-up results of the parent training component of the Prevention Program for Externalizing Problem Behaviour (PEP) for 270 children aged 3–10 years with externalizing behaviour problems. Method: Outcome measures included child behaviour problems (externalizing behaviour problems, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms and Oppositional Defiant Disorder symptoms) and parenting (self efficacy of parenting and perceived ability to solve difficult parenting situations). Data were analysed using multilevel modelling. Results: Comparison of the changes during the 3-month waiting and treatment periods revealed significantly stronger treatment effects on all outcome measures, indicating a substantial decrease in child behaviour problems and a significant increase in parenting due to treatment. At 1-year follow-up, initial treatment effects on child behaviour problems were maintained, while parenting continued to improve. Conclusions: Families whose children exhibited externalizing problem behaviour profit from PEP and improvements are maintained for at least one year.

Keywords

Parent management trainingexternalizing problem behaviourlong-term effectiveness
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 37 , Issue 4 , July 2009 , pp. 379 - 396
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4–18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
Arbeitsgruppe Deutsche Child Behaviour Checklist (1998). Elternfragebogen über das Verhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Deutsche Bearbeitung der Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL/4–18) [Parent Questionnaire about the Behaviour of Children and Adolescents: German version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/4-18)]. Cologne, Germany: Arbeitsgruppe Kinder-, Jugend- und Familiendiagnostik (KJFD).Google Scholar
Barkley, R. A. (1997). Defiant Children: a clinician's manual for assessment and parent training (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Bender, H. L., Allen, J. P., McElhaney, K. B., Antonishak, J., Moore, C. M., Kelly, H. O. B. and Davis, S. M. (2007). Use of harsh physical discipline and developmental outcomes in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 227–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biederman, J., Monuteaux, M. C., Mick, E., Spencer, T., Wilens, T. E., Silva, J. M., Snyder, L. E. and Faraone, S. V. (2006). Young adult outcome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled 10-year follow-up study. Psychological Medicine, 36, 167–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chamberlain, P., Reid, J. B., Ray, J., Capaldi, D. and Fisher, P. (1997). Parent inadequate discipline. In Widiger, T. A., Frances, A. J., Pincus, H. A., Ross, R., First, M. B. and Davis, W. (Eds.), DSM-IV Sourcebook (Vol. 3, pp. 569–629). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Chronis, A. M., Jones, H. A. and Raggi, V. L. (2006). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 486–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Coleman, P. K. and Karraker, K. H. (2000). Parenting self-efficacy among mothers of school-age children: conceptualization, measurement, and correlates. Family Relations, 49, 13–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connor, D. F., Carlson, G. A., Chang, K. D., Daniolos, P. T., Ferziger, R., Findling, R. L., Hutchinson, J. G., Malone, R. P., Halperin, J. M., Plattner, B., Post, R. M., Reynolds, D. L., Rogers, K. M., Saxena, K. and Steiner, H. (2006). Juvenile maladaptive aggression: a review of prevention, treatment, and service configuration and a proposed research agenda. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 808–820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuffe, S. P., Moore, C. G. and McKeown, R. E. (2005). Prevalence and correlates of ADHD symptoms in the National Health Interview Survey. Journal of Attention Disorders, 9, 392–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cunningham, C. E. and Boyle, M. H. (2002). Preschoolers at risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: family, parenting, and behavioral correlates. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 555–569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Döpfner, M., Berner, W., Schmeck, K., Lehmkuhl, G. and Poustka, F. (1995). Internal consistencies and validity of the CBCL and the TRF in a German sample: a cross cultural comparison. In Sergeant, J. (Ed.), Eunethydis: European approaches to hyperkinetic disorder (pp. 51–81). Zürich, Switzerland: Egg.Google Scholar
Döpfner, M., Görtz-Dorten, A. and Lehmkuhl, G. (2008). DISYPS-II: Diagnostik-System für psychische Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter nach ICD-10 und DSM-IV [DISYPS-II: diagnostic system for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents] (3rd ed.). Bern, Switzerland: Hans Huber.Google Scholar
Döpfner, M., Schürmann, S. and Frölich, J. (2007). Therapieprogramm für Kinder mit hyperkinetischem und oppositionellem Problemverhalten THOP [Therapy Program for Children with Hyperactive and Oppositional Problem Behavior THOP] (4th ed.). Weinheim, Germany: Beltz, Psychologie Verlags Union.Google Scholar
Eyberg, S. M., Nelson, M. M. and Boggs, S. R. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with disruptive behavior. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37, 215–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farmer, E. M. Z., Compton, S. N., Burns, B. J. and Robertson, E. (2002). Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood psychopathology: externalizing disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1267–1302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J. and Ridder, E. M. (2005). Show me the child at seven: the consequences of conduct problems in childhood for psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 837–849.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forgatch, M. S. (1994). Parenting Through Change: a training manual. Eugene, OR: Oregon Social Learning Center.Google Scholar
Gadow, K. D., Sprafkin, J. and Nolan, E. E. (2001). DSM-IV symptoms in community and clinic preschool children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1383–1392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, F., Burton, J. and Klimes, I. (2006). Randomised controlled trial of a parenting intervention in the voluntary sector for reducing child conduct problems: outcomes and mechanisms of change. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1123–1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glasgow, R. E., Lichtenstein, E. and Marcus, A. C. (2003). Why don't we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? Rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1261–1267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, H. (2003). Multilevel Statistical Models (3rd ed.). London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Hanisch, C., Freund-Braier, I., Hautmann, C., Meyer, N., Plück, J., Brix, G. and Döpfner, M. (2009). Detecting effects of the indicated Prevention Program for Externalizing Problem Behavior (PEP) on child symptoms, parenting, and parental quality of life in a randomized controlled trial. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Hanisch, C., Plück, J., Meyer, N., Brix, G., Freund-Braier, I., Hautmann, C. and Döpfner, M. (2006). Kurzzeiteffekte des indizierten Präventionsprogramms für Expansives Problemverhalten (PEP) auf das elterliche Erziehungsverhalten und auf das kindliche Problemverhalten [Short-term effects of the indicated Prevention Program for Externalizing Problem Behavior (PEP) concerning parenting and child behavior problems]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 35, 117–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hautmann, C., Hoijtink, H., Eichelberger, I., Hanisch, C., Plück, C., Walter, D. and Döpfner, M. (2009). Is it just effort justification? Comparison of the effects of a parent management training rated by participating mothers and non-participating fathers. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Hautmann, C., Hanisch, C., Mayer, I., Plück, J. and Döpfner, M. (2008). Effectiveness of the prevention program for externalizing problem behaviour (PEP) in children with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder – generalization to the real world. Journal of Neural Transmission, 115, 363–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinshaw, S. P. and Lee, S. S. (2003). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In Barkley, R. A. and Mash, E. J. (Eds.), Child Psychopathology (2nd ed., pp. 144–198). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hox, J. (2002). Multilevel Analysis Techniques and Applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchings, J., Gardner, F., Bywater, T., Daley, D., Whitaker, C., Jones, K., Eames, C. and Edwards, R. T. (2007). Parenting intervention in Sure Start services for children at risk of developing conduct disorder: pragmatic randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 334, 678–681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ialongo, N. S., Rogosch, F. A., Cicchetti, D., Toth, S. L., Buckley, J., Petras, H. and Neiderhiser, J. (2006). A developmental psychopathology approach to the prevention of mental health disorders. In Cicchetti, D. and Cohen, D. J. (Eds.), Developmental Psychopathology (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 968–1018). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Johnston, C. and Mash, E. J. (1989). A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18, 167–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kazdin, A. E. (1997). Practitioner review: psychosocial treatments for conduct disorder in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 161–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Parent Management Training: treatment for oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lahey, B. B., Waldmann, I. D. and McBurnett, K. (1999). Annotation: the development of antisocial behavior – an integrative causal model. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 669–682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Little, R. J. A. (1995). Modeling the drop-out mechanism in repeated-measures studies. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90, 1112–1121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutz, W. (2003). Efficacy, effectiveness, and expected treatment response in psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 745–750.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maas, C. J. M. and Snijders, T. A. B. (2003). The multilevel approach to repeated measures for complete and incomplete data. Quality and Quantity 37, 71–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maccoby, E. E. (2000). Parenting and its effects on children: on reading and misreading behavior genetics. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, W. A., Kosterman, R., Hawkins, J. D., Herrenkohl, T. I., Lengua, L. J. and McCauley, E. (2004). Predicting depression, social phobia, and violence in early adulthood from childhood behavior problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 307–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maughan, B., Rowe, R., Messer, J., Goodman, R. and Meltzer, H. (2004). Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in a national sample: developmental epidemiology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 609–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCart, M. R., Priester, P. E., Davies, W. H. and Azen, R. (2006). Differential effectiveness of behavioral parent-training and cognitive-behavioral therapy for antisocial youth: a meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 527–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLachlan, G. J. and Krishan, T. (1996). The EM Algorithm and Extensions. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
McMahon, R. J. and Forehand, R. L. (2003). Helping the Noncompliant Child: family-based treatment for oppositional behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Nathan, P. E., Stuart, S. P. and Dolan, S. L. (2000). Research on psychotherapy efficacy and effectiveness: between Scylla and Charybdis? Psychological Bulletin, 126, 964–981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesselroade, J. R., Stigler, S. M. and Baltes, P. B. (1980). Regression toward the mean and the study of change. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 622–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nigg, J. T. (2006). What Causes ADHD? Understanding what goes wrong and why. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Nixon, R. D. V. (2002). Treatment of behavior problems in preschoolers: a review of parent training programs. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 525–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nixon, R. D. V., Sweeney, L., Erickson, D. B. and Touyz, S. W. (2004). Parent–child interaction therapy: one- and two-year follow-up of standard and abbreviated treatments for oppositional preschoolers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 263–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogden, T. and Hagen, K. A. (2008). Treatment effectiveness of parent management training in Norway: a randomized controlled trial of children with conduct problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 607–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive Family Process. Eugene, OR: Castalia.Google Scholar
Plück, J., Wieczorrek, E., Wolff Metternich, T. and Döpfner, M. (2006). Präventionsprogramm für Expansives Problemverhalten (PEP): Ein Manual für Eltern- und Erziehergruppen [Prevention Program for Expansive Behavior Problems (PEP): a manual for parents and educational personnel]. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.Google Scholar
Querido, J. G. and Eyberg, S. M. (2005). Parent–child interaction therapy: maintaining treatments gains of preschoolers with disruptive behavior disorders. In Hibbs, E. D. and Jensen, P. S. (Eds.), Psychosocial Treatments for Child and Adolescent Disorders: empirically based strategies for clinical practice (2nd ed., pp. 575–597). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Raudenbush, S. W. and Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S., Cheong, Y. F. and Congdon, R. (2004). HLM 6: hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.Google Scholar
Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S. and Congdon, R. (2008). HLM for Windows (Version 6.05) [Computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.Google Scholar
Rubin, D. R. (1976). Inference and missing data. Biometrika, 63, 581–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, M. R., Markie-Dadds, C., Tully, L. A. and Bor, W. (2000). The Triple P – Positive Parenting Program: a comparison of enhanced, standard, and self-directed behavioral family intervention for parents of children with early onset conduct problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 624–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, S. (2005). Do parenting programmes for severe child antisocial behaviour work over the longer term, and for whom? One year follow-up of a multi-centre controlled trial. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 403–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, J. D. and Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: modeling change and event occurrence. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snijders, T. A. B. and Bosker, R. J. (1999). Multilevel Analysis: an introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Spira, G. E. and Fischel, J. E. (2005). The impact of preschool inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity on social and academic development: a review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 755–773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SPSS (2007). SPSS Missing Value Analysis™ 16.0. Chicago, IL: Author.Google Scholar
Webster-Stratton, C. (2005). The incredible years: a training series for the prevention and treatment of conduct problems in young children. In Jensen, P. S. and Hibbs, E. D. (Eds.), Psychosocial Treatments for Child and Adolescent Disorders: empirically based strategies for clinical practice (2nd ed., pp. 507–555). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Weiss, B., Catron, T., Harris, V. and Phung, T. M. (1999). The effectiveness of traditional child psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 82–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weisz, J. R. (2004). Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents: evidence-based treatments and case examples. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisz, J. R., Donenberg, G. R., Han, S. S. and Weiss, B. (1995). Bridging the gap between laboratory and clinic in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 688–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisz, J. R., Doss, A. J. and Hawley, K. M. (2005). Youth psychotherapy outcome research: a review and critique of the evidence base. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 337–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weisz, J. R. and Jensen, P. S. (1999). Efficacy and effectiveness of child and adolescent psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Mental Health Services Research, 1, 125–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1993). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.