Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T08:20:50.625Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Initial Data on Recollections of Pathways to Inflated Responsibility Beliefs in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 January 2014

Meredith E. Coles ,
Casey A. Schofield  and
Jacob A. Nota
Meredith E. Coles*
Affiliation:
Binghamton University, New York, USA
Casey A. Schofield
Affiliation:
Skidmore College, New York, USA
Jacob A. Nota
Affiliation:
Binghamton University, New York, USA
*
Reprint requests to Meredith Coles, Binghamton University, Psychology Department, New York, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: Despite literature establishing a relationship between maladaptive beliefs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there are few studies addressing how these beliefs develop. Salkovskis and colleagues (1999) proposed specific domains of childhood experiences leading to heightened beliefs regarding responsibility. Prior studies in students and individuals who just completed treatment for OCD have found support for this theory. However, we are not aware of published data from individuals with current OCD. Aims: This paper presents initial data from adults currently meeting criteria for OCD as well as both anxious and non-anxious controls. Method: Recollections of childhood experiences, current OCD-related beliefs, and OCD symptoms were assessed using self-report measures in 39 individuals seeking treatment for OCD, 36 anxious controls and 39 healthy controls. Results: Initial data suggested that in individuals with OCD, increased reports of childhood exposure to overprotection and experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune were associated with stronger OCD-related beliefs. Further, compared to community controls, individuals with OCD reported more childhood experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune, though they did not differ from anxious controls in childhood responsibility experiences. Conclusions: These initial findings provide minimal support for the proposed model of the development of inflated responsibility beliefs, and highlight the need for research examining the etiology of OCD related beliefs with updated models, larger samples, and ultimately using prospective methods.

Keywords

Obsessive-compulsive disorderetiologycognitive modelsbeliefsresponsibility
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 43 , Issue 4 , July 2015 , pp. 385 - 395
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.Google Scholar
Başoğlu, M., Lax, T., Kasvikis, Y. and Marks, I. M. (1988). Predictors of improvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2, 299–317.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R. and Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of Beck depression inventories-IA and-II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 588–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. and Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Belloch, A., Morillo, C., Lucero, M., Cabedo, E. and Carrió, C. (2004). Intrusive thoughts in non-clinical subjects: the role of frequency and unpleasantness on appraisal ratings and control strategies. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11, 100–110.Google Scholar
Bolton, D., Dearsley, P., Madronal-Luque, R. and Baron-Cohen, S. (2002). Magical thinking in childhood and adolescence: development and relation to obsessive compulsion. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 479–494.Google Scholar
Bouchard, C., Rhéaume, J. and Ladouceur, R. (1999). Responsibility and perfectionism in OCD: an experimental study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 239–248.Google Scholar
Briggs, E. S. and Price, I. R. (2009). The relationship between adverse childhood experience and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and beliefs: the role of anxiety, depression, and experiential avoidance. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 1037–1046.Google Scholar
Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. and Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule Adult Version (ADIS-IV): client interview schedule. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L. and Campbell, L. A. (2001). Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: implications for the classification of emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burkhouse, K. L., Gibb, B. E., Coles, M. E., Knopik, V. S. and McGeary, J. E. (2011). Serotonin transporter genotype moderates the link between children's reports of overprotective parenting and their behavioral inhibition. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 783–790.Google Scholar
Castle, D. J., Deale, A., Marks, I. M., Cutts, F., Chadhoury, Y. and Stewart, A. (1994). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: prediction of outcome from behavioural psychotherapy. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, 393–398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coles, M. E. and Schofield, C. A. (2008). Assessing the development of inflated responsibility beliefs: the pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs scale. Behavior Therapy, 39, 322–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coles, M. E., Wolters, L. H., Sochting, I., De Haan, E., Pietrefesa, A. S. and Whiteside, S. P. (2010). Development and initial validation of the obsessive belief questionnaire-child version (OBQ–CV). Depression and Anxiety, 27, 982–991.Google Scholar
Di Nardo, P. A., Moras, K., Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M. and Brown, T. A. (1993). Reliability of DSM-III-R anxiety disorder categories: using the anxiety disorders interview schedule-revised (ADIS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 251–256.Google Scholar
Foa, E. B., Kozak, M. J., Salkovskis, P. M., Coles, M. E. and Amir, N. (1998). The validation of a new obsessive-compulsive disorder scale: the obsessive-compulsive inventory. Psychological Assessment, 10, 206–214.Google Scholar
Freeston, M. H. and Ladouceur, R. (1993). Appraisal of cognitive intrusions and response style: replication and extension. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 185–191.Google Scholar
Hammen, C. (1991). Generation of stress in the course of unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 555–561.Google Scholar
Ladouceur, R., Rhéaume, J. and Aublet, F. (1997). Excessive responsibility in obsessional concerns: a fine-grained experimental analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 423–427.Google Scholar
Ladouceur, R., Rhéaume, J., Freeston, M. H., Aublet, F., Jean, K., Lachance, S., et al. (1995). Experimental manipulations of responsibility: an analogue test for models of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 937–946.Google Scholar
Lawrence, P. J. and Williams, T. I. (2011). Pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs in adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary investigation. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1, 1–6.Google Scholar
Liu, R. T. and Alloy, L. B. (2010). Stress generation in depression: a systematic review of the empirical literature and recommendations for future study. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 582–593.Google Scholar
Lopatka, C. and Rachman, S. (1995). Perceived responsibility and compulsive checking: an experimental analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 673–684.Google Scholar
Magnúsdóttir, I. and Smári, J. (2004). Are responsibility attitudes related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schoolchildren? Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 33, 21–26.Google Scholar
Mathews, A. and Mackintosh, B. (2000). Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 602–615.Google Scholar
Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 9, 667–681.Google Scholar
Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (2001). Development and initial validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 987–1006.Google Scholar
Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (2003). Psychometric validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory: Part I. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 863–878.Google Scholar
Ólafsson, R. P., Arngrímsson, J. B., Árnason, P., Kolbeinsson, Þ., Emmelkamp, P. M., Kristjánsson, Á., et al. (2013). The Icelandic version of the Dimensional Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DOCS) and its relationship with obsessive beliefs. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 2, 149–156.Google Scholar
Rachman, S. (1993). Obsessions, responsibility and guilt. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 149–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rachman, S. (1997). A cognitive theory of obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 793–802.Google Scholar
Raffin, A. L., Fachel, J. M. G., Ferrão, Y. A., Pasquoto de Souza, F. P. and Volpato Cordioli, A. (2009). Predictors of response to group cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. European Psychiatry, 24, 297–306.Google Scholar
Rankin Williams, L., Degnan, K. A., Perez-Edgar, K. E., Henderson, H. A., Rubin, K. H., Pine, D. S., et al. (2009). Impact of behavioral inhibition and parenting style on internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 1063–1075.Google Scholar
Salkovskis, P. M. (1985). Obsessional-compulsive problems: a cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 571–583.Google Scholar
Salkovskis, P. M. (1989). Cognitive-behavioural factors and the persistence of intrusive thoughts in obsessional problems. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 677–682.Google Scholar
Salkovskis, P. M., Shafran, R., Rachman, S. and Freeston, M. H. (1999). Multiple pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs in obsessional problems: possible origins and implications for therapy and research. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 1055–1072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salkovskis, P. M., Wroe, A. L., Gledhill, A., Morrison, N., Forrester, E., Richards, C., et al. (2000). Responsibility attitudes and interpretations are characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 347–372.Google Scholar
Smári, J., Þorsteinsdóttir, Á, Magnúsdóttir, L., Smári, U. J. and Ólason, D. Þ. (2010). Pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs, responsibility attitudes and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: factor structure and test of a mediational model. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38, 535–544.Google Scholar
Steketee, G. S., and Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (2005). Psychometric validation of the obsessive belief questionnaire and interpretation of intrusions inventory - part 2: Factor analyses and testing of a brief version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1527–1542.Google Scholar
Taylor, S., Afifi, T. O., Stein, M. B., Asmundson, G. J. G. and Jang, K. L. (2010). Etiology of obsessive beliefs: a behavioral-genetic analysis. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 24, 177–186.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. and Jang, K. L. (2011). Biopsychosocial etiology of obsessions and compulsions: an integrated behavioral-genetic and cognitive-behavioral analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 174–186.Google Scholar
Yorulmaz, O., Gençöz, T. and Woody, S. (2010). Vulnerability factors in OCD symptoms: cross-cultural comparisons between Turkish and Canadian samples. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 17, 110–121.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.