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Effectiveness of a culturally adapted cognitive behavioural therapy-based guided self-help (CACBT-GSH) intervention to reduce social anxiety and enhance self-esteem in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial from Pakistan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2020

Rizwana Amin Open the ORCID record for Rizwana Amin [Opens in a new window] ,
Amna Iqbal ,
Farooq Naeem  and
Muhammad Irfan Open the ORCID record for Muhammad Irfan [Opens in a new window]
Rizwana Amin
Affiliation:
Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Amna Iqbal
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Psychology, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan, Pakistan
Farooq Naeem
Affiliation:
University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
Muhammad Irfan*
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background:

Social anxiety is common among adolescents in Pakistan and is associated with low self-esteem. Among the recommended treatments, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective, and self-help approaches are encouraged.

Aim:

To determine the effectiveness of culturally adapted CBT-based guided self-help (CACBT-GSH) intervention, using a manual ‘Khushi aur Khatoon’, for treating social anxiety when added to treatment as usual (TAU) compared with TAU only.

Method:

A total of 76 adolescents with social anxiety aged 13–16 years from six schools in Multan, Pakistan were recruited into this randomized controlled trial. Participants were divided into intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. Social anxiety, self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation were assessed through the Liebowtiz Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation, respectively, at baseline and at the end of the study. Guided self-help using culturally adapted CBT (CACBT)-based self-help manual (eight sessions, one session per week) was provided to the intervention group. The effect of the CACBT-GSH intervention was analysed with ANCOVA.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups in favour of intervention. Participants in the intervention group showed reduced symptoms of social anxiety (p < .001), fear of negative evaluation (p < .001) and enhanced self-esteem (p < .001).

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated the effectiveness of CACBT-based guided self-help intervention in treating social anxiety and addressing the symptoms associated with it.

Keywords

cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)cultureguided self-helpself-esteemsocial anxiety
Type
Main
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 48 , Issue 5 , September 2020 , pp. 503 - 514
Copyright
© British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2020

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