Hostname: page-component-669899f699-tzmfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-25T08:36:46.476Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

ECT, Infants, Children and Adolescents: Shocking Abuse of Power, or Valuable Treatment Medium?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2009

Yvonne Jones  and
Steve Baldwin
Yvonne Jones
Affiliation:
Edinburgh, UK
Steve Baldwin
Affiliation:
Edith Cowan University, Western Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

ECT has been administered to infants, children and teenagers between the ages of two and eighteen, in Europe, North America and Australasia. There are several alternate forms of effective behavioural and cognitive interventions for the range of problems experienced by minors. In this paper, some of the reasons for the contemporary popularity of ECT administration with children and teenagers are explored, via a critical evaluation of the published literature.

Type
Controversial Issues
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , October 1996 , pp. 291 - 305
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Allen, C. (1949). Modern discoveries in medical psychology. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Action for Sick Children (1991). National Association for the Welfare of Children in Hospital. London.Google Scholar
Anderson, E.W. (1951). Mental diseases: physical methods of treatment. Medical Annual, 173–183.Google Scholar
Baldwin, S. and Barker, P. (1995). Uncivil liberties: the politics of care with younger people. Journal of Mental Health 1, 41–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, S. and Jones, Y. (1990). ECT, children and clinical psychologists: a shock to the system? Clinical Psychology Forum 25, 3–5.Google Scholar
Baldwin, S. and Jones, Y. (1991). More ECT, more children and more clinical psychologists: new shocks to the system. Clinical Psychology Forum 32, 13–15.Google Scholar
Baldwin, S. and Oxlad, M. (1996). Multiple case sampling of ECT administration to 217 minors, a meta-analysis. Journal of Mental Health (in press).Google Scholar
Barker, P. and Baldwin, S. (1990). Shock story. Nursing Times (27 02) 86(8), 53–55.Google Scholar
Bender, L. (1947). One hundred cases of childhood schizophrenia treatment with electric shock.Transaction of the American Neurological Association, 72nd Annual Meeting.June.New York.Google Scholar
Bender, L. (1973). The life course of children with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 130, 783–786.Google Scholar
Black, D.V., Wilcox, J.A. and Stewart, M. (1985). The use of ECT with children: case report. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 46(3), 98–99.Google Scholar
Breggin, P. (1993). Toxic psychiatry. London: Fontana.Google Scholar
Cameron, D. (1994) ECT: sham statistics, the myth of convulsive therapy, and the case for consumer misinformation. The Journal of Mind and Behavior 15(1/2), 177–198.Google Scholar
Casey, R.J. and Berman, J.S. (1985). The outcome of psychotherapy with children. Psychological Bulletin 98, 388–400.Google Scholar
Clardy, E.R. (1951). A study of the development and course of schizophrenia in children. Psychiatric Quarterly 25, 81–90.Google Scholar
DHSS (1983), Mental Health Act. London: Department of Health and Social Security.Google Scholar
Durlak, J.A., Fuhrman, T. and Lampman, C. (1991). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for maladapting children: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 110, 204–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forehand, R. and Long, N. (1988). Outpatient treatment of the acting-out child: procedures, long term follow-up data, and clinical problems. Advances in Behavior Research and Therapy 10, 129–177.Google Scholar
Frame, C.L., Robinson, S.L., Cuddy, E. (1992). Behavioral treatment of childhood depression. In Turner, S.M., Calhoun, K.S., Adams, H.E. (Eds). Handbook of clinical behavior therapy. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Frank, L.R. (1990). Electroshock: death, brain damage, memory loss and brain-washing. The Journal of Mind and Behavior 11(3/4), 489–512.Google Scholar
Frankel, F. (1973). Electroconvulsive therapy in Massachussetts: a task force report. Massachussetts Journal of Mental Health 3, 3–29.Google Scholar
Freedman, A.M., Kaplan, H.I. and Sadock, B.J. (1972). Modern synopsis of comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.Google Scholar
Freeman, C.P.L. and Kendall, R.E. (1980). ECT: patients; experiences and attitudes. British Journal of Psychiatry 137, 8–16.Google Scholar
Frommer, E.A. (1972). Diagnosis and Treatment in Clinical Child Psychiatry.Google Scholar
Gallinek, G. (1952). Controversial indications for electro-convulsive therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 10, 361–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaoni, L., Baldwin, S. and Black, Q. (1996). Defining adolescent behaviour disorder: an overview. Journal of Adolescence (in press).Google Scholar
Gill, D. and Lambourn, J. (1981). The indications for ECT: a profile of its use. In Palmer, R.L. (Ed). Electro-Convulsive Therapy: an appraisal. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Guttmacher, L.B. and Cretella, H. (1988). Electroconvulsive therapy in one child and three adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 49, 20–23.Google Scholar
Heuyer, P.G., Dauphin, M. and Lebovici, S. (1947). La pratique de l'electrochoc chez l'enfant. Acta Paedopsychiatrica 14, 60–64.Google Scholar
Hift, E., Hift, S. and Spiel, W. (1960). Ergebnisse der shockbehandlangen bei kindlischen shizophrenien. Achweiser Archiv für Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie 86, 256–272.Google Scholar
Hogget, B. (1984). Mental Health Law (2nd ed). London: Sweet and Maxwell.Google Scholar
Jones, Y. and Baldwin, S. (1992). ECT: Shock lies and psychiatry. Changes: An International Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy 10(2), 126–135Google Scholar
Kanner, A. (1966). A textbook of psychiatry. New York: Sage.Google Scholar
Kazdin, A.E. (1987a). Conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence. Sage: Newbury Park.Google Scholar
Kazdin, A.E. (1987b). Treatment of antisocial behavior in children: current status and future directions. Psychological Bulletin 102, 187–203.Google Scholar
Kirk, S.A. and Kutchins, H. (1991). The selling of DSM: the rhetoric of science in psychiatry. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Kirk, S.A. and Kutchins, H. (1994). The myth of the reliability of DSM. The Journal of Mind and Behavior 15(1/2), 71–86.Google Scholar
Lewis, A. (1967). Disorders of nervous system integration and adaptation. In Beeson, P.B. and McDermott, W. (Eds). Cecil Loeb textbook of medicine. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.Google Scholar
McClelland, R.J. (1986). Psychosocial sequelae of head injury. British Journal of Psychiatry 146, 520–524.Google Scholar
McMahon, R.J. and Wells, K.C. (1989). Conduct disorders. In Mash, E.J. and Barkley, R.A. (Eds). Treatment of childhood disorders. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Oxlad, M. and Baldwin, S. (1995). Electroconvulsive therapy, children and adolescents: the power to stop. Nursing Ethics 2(4), 333–346.Google Scholar
Oxlad, M. and Baldwin, S. (1996). Child and adolescent ECT in retrospect: use and misuse. Australian Psychologist (in press).Google Scholar
Pallis, D.J. and Stoffelmeyer, B.E. (1973). Social attitudes and treatment among psychiatrists. British Journal of Medical Psychology 46, 75–81.Google Scholar
Pippard, J. and Ellam, L. (1981). Electro-convulsive treatment in Great Britain. British Journal of Psychiatry 160, 621–637.Google Scholar
Redlich, F.C. and Freedman, D.I. (Eds) (1966). Theory and practice of psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
RCP (1993). Royal College of Psychiatrists' Unpublished Report on ECT. London: RCP.Google Scholar
Salzman, J. (1947). An evaluation of shock therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 103(5), 669–679.Google Scholar
Schaefer, C.E., Briesmeister, J.M. and Fitton, M.E. (Eds) (1984). Family therapy techniques for problem behaviors of children and teenagers. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.Google Scholar
Strain, P.S., Guralnick, M.J., and Walker, H.M. (1986). Children's social behavior: development, assessment and modification. Orlando: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Symonds, C.P. (1966). Disorders of memory. Brain 89, 625–640.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, J.W. and Blaine, J.D. (1987). Use of ECT in the United States in 1975 and 1980. American Journal of Psychiatry 144, 557–562.Google ScholarPubMed
Valentine, M. (1986). A comparison of techniques in electro-convulsive therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry 114, 989–996.Google Scholar
Warneke, L. (1974). A case of manic-depressive illness in childhood. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 20, 195–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.