Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T03:51:17.312Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Evaluation of a Brief Format of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A Pilot Study With Indonesian Parents Residing in Australia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2014

Agnes Sumargi*
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Faculty of Psychology, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Kate Sofronoff
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Alina Morawska
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Agnes Sumargi, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Dissemination of evidence-based parenting programs in developing countries is warranted, but prior to dissemination, the cultural appropriateness of programs needs to be assessed. This study provides an evaluation of the level of acceptability among Indonesian parents and the efficacy of a brief parenting program, the Triple P-Positive Parenting seminar. Thirty Indonesian parents of children aged 2–12 years old residing in Australia participated in the study. A 90-minute Triple P seminar with minimal changes in the format was delivered to parents in Indonesian. Parents reported a high level of acceptability and satisfaction with the program content. The efficacy of the program was also explored. Parents reported less frequent use of dysfunctional parenting practices, particularly permissive parenting style, and reduction in the intensity of child emotional and behavioural problems 3 weeks after the seminar. The effect was maintained at 3-month follow up. The results suggest that the Triple P seminar is acceptable and useful for Indonesian parents. Substantial changes in the content of the parenting program may not be necessary. Translated materials, culturally relevant examples and opportunity for questions appeared sufficient for parents. Future studies are required, including randomised controlled trials and larger sample sizes.

Type
Standard Papers
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Australian Academic Press Pty Ltd 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arney, F., Rogers, H., Baghurst, P., Sawyer, M., & Prior, M. (2008). The reliability and validity of the Parenting Scale for Australian mothers of preschool-aged children. Australian Journal of Psychology, 60, 4452. doi:10.1080/00049530701458076Google Scholar
Arnold, D.S., O’Leary, S.G., Wolff, L.S., & Acker, M.M. (1993). The Parenting Scale: A measure of dysfunctional parenting in discipline situations. Psychological Assessment, 5, 137144. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.137CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional. (2009). Profil hasil pendataan keluarga tahun 2009 [Profile of family survey in 2009]. Jakarta: Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional. Retrieved from www.bkkbn.go.id/Webs/DetailData.phpLinkID=335.Google Scholar
Calam, R., Sanders, M., Miller, C., Sadhnani, V., & Carmont, S.-A. (2008). Can technology and the media help reduce dysfunctional parenting and increase engagement with preventative parenting interventions? Child Maltreatment, 13, 347361. doi:10.1177/1077559508321272Google Scholar
Crisante, L., & Ng, S. (2003). Implementation and process issues in using Group Triple P with Chinese parents: Preliminary findings. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health (AeJAMH), 23 (3), 226235. Retrieved from http://amh.e-contentmanagement.com/archivesGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, C.E., Boyle, M., Offord, D., Racine, Y., Hundert, J., Secord, M., & McDonald, J. (2000). Tri-ministry study: Correlates of school-based parenting course utilization. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 928933. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.928Google Scholar
Daglar, M., Melhuish, E., & Barnes, J. (2010). Parenting and preschool child behaviour among Turkish immigrant, migrant and non-migrant families. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 8, 261279. doi:10.1080/17405621003710827Google Scholar
De Graaf, I., Speetjens, P., Smit, F., De Wolff, M., & Tavecchio, L. (2008). Effectiveness of The Triple P Positive Parenting Program on behavioral problems in children. Behavior Modification, 32, 714735. doi:10.1177/0145445508317134Google Scholar
Eisner, M., & Meidert, U. (2011). Stages of parental engagement in a universal parent training program. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 32, 8393. doi:10.1007/s10935-011-0238-8Google Scholar
Engle, P.L., Black, M.M., Behrman, J.R., Cabral de Mello, M., Gertler, P.J., Kapiriri, L., . . . Young, M.E. (2007). Strategies to avoid the loss of developmental potential in more than 200 million children in the developing world. The Lancet, 369, 229242. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60112-3Google Scholar
Eshel, N., Daelmans, B., Mello, M.C.d., & Martines, J. (2006). Responsive parenting: Interventions and outcomes. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84 (12), 991. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/en/Google ScholarPubMed
Forehand, R., & Kotchick, B.A. (1996). Cultural diversity: A wake-up call for parent training. Behavior Therapy, 27, 187206. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7894(96)80014-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furlong, M., McGilloway, S., Bywater, T., & Hutchings, J. (2012). Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for early-onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, 1344. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008225.pub2Google Scholar
Geertz, H. (1961). The Javanese family: A study of kinship and socialization. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.Google Scholar
Koentjaraningrat. (1985). Javanese culture. Singapore: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kumpfer, K.L., Alvarado, R., Smith, P., & Bellamy, N. (2002). Cultural sensitivity and adaptation in family-based prevention interventions. Prevention Science, 3, 241246. doi:10.1023/a:1019902902119Google Scholar
Kumpfer, K.L., Pinyuchon, M., de Melo, A.T., & Whiteside, H.O. (2008). Cultural adaptation process for international dissemination of the Strengthening Families Program. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 31, 226239. doi:10.1177/0163278708315926CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lau, A.S., Fung, J.J., & Yung, V. (2010). Group parent training with immigrant Chinese families: Enhancing engagement and augmenting skills training. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 880894. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20711Google Scholar
Leung, C., Sanders, M., Leung, S., Mak, R., & Lau, J. (2003). An outcome evaluation of the implementation of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program in Hong Kong. Family Process, 42, 531. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2003.00531.xGoogle Scholar
Locke, L.M., & Prinz, R.J. (2002). Measurement of parental discipline and nurturance. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 895929. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(02)00133-2Google Scholar
Matsumoto, Y., Sofronoff, K., & Sanders, M. (2007). The efficacy and acceptability of the Triple P-positive Parenting Program with Japanese parents. Behaviour Change, 24, 205218. doi:10.1375/bech.24.4.205Google Scholar
Matsumoto, Y., Sofronoff, K., & Sanders, M. (2010). Investigation of the effectiveness and social validity of the Triple P Positive Parenting Program in Japanese society. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 8791. doi:10.1037/a0018181CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mejia, A., Calam, R., & Sanders, M. (2012). A review of parenting programs in developing countries: Opportunities and challenges for preventing emotional and behavioral difficulties in children. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15, 163175. doi:10.1007/s10567-012-0116-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection. (2011). Anak korban kekerasan (fisik dan mental) dan perlakuan salah [Child victims of violence (physical and mental) and child abuse]. Retrieved from http://menegpp.go.id/V2/index.php/datadaninformasi/perlindungan-anakGoogle Scholar
Morawska, A., Haslam, D., Milne, D., & Sanders, M. (2011). Evaluation of a brief parenting discussion group for parents of young children. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 32, 136145. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181f17a28Google Scholar
Morawska, A., Sanders, M., Goadby, E., Headley, C., Hodge, L., McAuliffe, C., . . . Anderson, E. (2010). Is the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program acceptable to parents from culturally diverse backgrounds? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19. doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9436-xGoogle Scholar
Morawska, A., Sanders, M., Haslam, D., Filus, A., & Fletcher, R. (in press). Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale (CAPES): Development and initial validation of a parent report measure. Australian Psychologist.Google Scholar
Morris, S.B., & DeShon, R. P. (2002). Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs. Psychological Methods, 7, 105125. doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.105Google Scholar
Mulder, N. (1994). Inside Indonesian society: An interpretation of cultural change in Java. Bangkok: D.K. Printing House.Google Scholar
Parra Cardona, J. R., Domenech-Rodriguez, M., Forgatch, M., Sullivan, C., Bybee, D., Holtrop, K., . . .Bernal, G. (2012). Culturally adapting an evidence-based parenting intervention for Latino immigrants: The need to integrate fidelity and cultural relevance. Family Process, 51, 5672. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2012.01386.xGoogle Scholar
Prinzie, P., Onghena, P., & Hellinckx, W. (2007). Reexamining the Parenting Scale: Reliability, factor structure, and concurrent validity of a scale for assessing the discipline practices of mothers and fathers of elementary-school-aged children. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 2431. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.23.1.24Google Scholar
Reid, M.J., Webster-Stratton, C., & Beauchaine, T.P. (2001). Parent training in Head Start: A comparison of program response among African American, Asian American, Caucasian, and Hispanic mothers. Prevention Science, 2, 209227. doi:10.1023/a:1013618309070CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubin, D.B. (2008). Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470316696 (Original work published 1987)Google Scholar
Salari, R., Terreros, C., & Sarkadi, A. (2012). Parenting Scale: Which Version Should We Use? Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, 268281. doi:10.1007/s10862-012-9281-xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, M. (2012). Development, evaluation, and multinational dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 345379. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143104Google Scholar
Sanders, M., Prior, J., & Ralph, A. (2009). An evaluation of a brief universal seminar series on positive parenting: A feasibility study. Journal of Children's Services, 4, 420. doi:10.1108/17466660200900002Google Scholar
Sanders, M., & Turner, K. (2005). Facilitator's manual for selected Triple P. Brisbane, Australia: Triple P International.Google Scholar
Schafer, J.L., & Graham, J.W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7, 147177. doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.2.147CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shenoy, J., Kapur, M., & Kaliaperumal, V.G. (1998). Psychological disturbance among 5- to 8-year-old school children: A study from India. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, 6673. doi:10.1007/s001270050024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steele, R.G., Nesbitt-Daly, J.S., Daniel, R.C., & Forehand, R. (2005). Factor structure of the Parenting Scale in a low-income African American sample. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14, 535549. doi: 10.1007/s10826-005-7187-xGoogle Scholar
Sumargi, A., Sofronoff, K., & Morawska, A. (2013). Understanding parenting practices and parents’ views of parenting programs: A survey among Indonesian parents residing in Indonesia and Australia. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 120. doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9821-3Google Scholar
Syed, E.U., Hussein, S.A., & Mahmud, S. (2007). Screening for emotional and behavioural problems amongst 5–11-year-old school children in Karachi, Pakistan. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42, 421. doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0188-xGoogle Scholar
Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Tehrani-Doost, M., Shahrivar, Z., Mahmoudi Gharaie, J., & Alaghband-Rad, J. (2009). Efficacy of positive parenting on improving children's behavior problems and parenting styles. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 14 (4), 371379.Google Scholar
Thomas, R., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. (2007). Behavioral outcomes of parent-child interaction therapy and Triple P—Positive Parenting Program: A review and meta-Analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 475495. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9104-9Google Scholar
Turner, K., Markie-Dadds, C., & Sanders, M. (2002). Facilitator's manual for group Triple P. Brisbane, Australia: Triple P International.Google Scholar
Van Ginkel, J.R. (2010). SPSS syntax for applying rules for combining univariate estimates in multiple imputation (Computer software). Retrieved from http://www.socialsciences.leiden.edu/educationandchildstudies/childandfamilystudies/organisation/staffcfs/van-ginkel.htmlGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization. (2004). Prevention of mental disorders: Effective interventions and policy options. Geneva: World Health Organization Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/en/prevention_of_mental_disorders_sr.pdfGoogle Scholar
Yagmurlu, B., & Sanson, A. (2009). Acculturation and parenting among Turkish mothers in Australia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40, 361380. doi:10.1177/0022022109332671Google Scholar