Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:55:17.998Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Two categories of contextual variable in perception

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

Donald Laming
Donald Laming
Affiliation:
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England, Electronic mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , September 1992 , pp. 572 - 573
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aiba, T. S. & Stevens, S. S. (1964) Relation of brightness to duration arid luminance under light- and dark-adaptation. Vision Research 4:391–401. [aGRL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Algom, D. & Cain, W. S. (1991a) Chemosensory representation in perception and memory. In: Ratio scaling of psychological magnitude, ed. Bolanowski, S. J. & Gescheider, G. A.. Erlbaum. [DA]Google Scholar
Algom, D. & Cain, W. S. (1991b) Remembered odors and mental mixtures: Tapping reservoirs of olfactory knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 17:1104–19. [DA]Google ScholarPubMed
Algom, D. & Marks, L. E. (1984) Individual differences in loudness processing and loudness scales. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 113:571–93. [DA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Algom, D. & Marks, L. E. (1990) Range and regression, loudness scales and loudness processing: Toward a context-bound psychophysics. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 16:706–27. [aGRL, DA]Google Scholar
Algom, D., Marks, L. E. & Cain, W. S. (submitted) Memory psychophysics for chemosensation: Perceptual and mental mixtures of odor and taste. [DA]Google Scholar
Algom, D., Wolf, Y. & Berman, B. (1985) Integration of stimulus dimensions in perception and memory: Composition rules and psychophysical relations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 114:451–71. [DA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allik, J. (1989) Is a unified psychophysical law realistic? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:267–68. [aGRL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1970a) Averaging model applied to the size-weight illusion. Perception & Psychophysics 8:1–4 [NHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1970b) Functional measurement and psychophysical judgment. Psychological Review 77:153–70. [NHA]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1972) Cross-task validation of functional measurement. Perception & Psychophysics 12:389–95. [NHA]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1974) Algebraic models in perception. In: Handbook of perception, vol. 2, ed. Carterette, E. C. & Friedman, M. P.. Academic Press. [NHA]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1975) On the role of context effects in psychophysical judgment. Psychological Review 82:462–82. [NHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N. H. (1981) Foundations of information integration theory. Academic Press. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1982) Methods of information integration theory. Academic Press. [NHA]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1989) Integration psychophysics. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:268–69. [LEK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1991) A cognitive theory of judgment and decisions. In: Contributions to information integration theory. Vol. 1: Cognition, ed. Anderson, N. H.. Erlbaum. [NHA]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (in press) Integration psychophysics and cognition. In: Psychophysical approaches to cognition, ed. D. Algom. North-Holland. [NHA]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. & Wilkening, F. (1991) Adaptive thinking in intuitive physics. In: Contributions to information integration theory. Vol. 3: Developmental. Erlbaum. [NHA]Google Scholar
Anglin, J. M. & Mansfield, R. J. W. (1968) On the brightness of short and long flashes. Perception & Psychophysics 4:161–62. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Anscombe, G. E. M. (1981) Metaphysics and the philosophy of mind (Collected papers, vol. 2). Basil Blackwell. [KKN]Google Scholar
Arend, L. E. (1970) Contour factors in the Broca-Sulzer phenomenon. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Arend, L. E., Buehler, N. & Lockhead, G. R. (1971) Difference information in brightness perception. Perception & Psychophysics 9:367–70. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Arend, L. E. & Timberlake, G. T. (1986) What is psychophysically perfect image stabilization? Do perfectly stabilized images always disappear? Journal of the Optical Society of America 3:235–41. [arGRL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashby, F. G. & Perrin, N. A. (1988) Toward a unified theory of similarity and recognition. Psychologicxal Review 95:124–50. [RDM]Google Scholar
Ashby, F. G. & Townsend, J. T. (1986) Varieties of perceptual independence. Psychological Review 93:154–79. [NAM, RDM]Google Scholar
Austin, J. L. (1962) Sense and sensibilia. Clarendon Press. [KKN]Google Scholar
Bagnara, S., Simion, F., Tagliabue, M. R. & Umilta, C. (1988) Comparison processes on visual mental images. Memory & Cognition 16:138–46. [DLK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baird, J. C. & Wagner, M. (1991) Transformation theory of size judgment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 17:852–64. [MW]Google ScholarPubMed
Barlow, R. B. & Verillo, R. T. (1976) Brightness sensation in a Ganzfeld. Vision Research 16:1291–97. [END]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barton, M. E. & Komatsu, L. K. (1989) Defining features of natural kinds and artifacts. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 18:433–47. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Berglund, M. B. (1991) Quality assurance in environmental psychophysics. In: Ratio scaling of psychological magnitude: In honor of the memory of S. S. Stevens, ed. Bolanowski, S. J. Jr. & Gescheider, G. A.Erlbaum. [LEK]Google Scholar
Birnbaum, M. H. (1974) Using contextual effects to derive psychological scales. Perception & Psychophysics 15:89–96. [RDM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birnbaum, M. H. (1976) Intuitive numerical prediction. American Journal of Psychology 89:417–29. [NHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birnbaum, M. H. (1982) Controversies in psychological measurement. In: Social attitudes and psychophysical measurement, ed. Wegener, B.. Erlbaum. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Blackwell, H. R. (1963) Neural theories of simple visual discriminations. Journal of the Optical Society of America 53:129–60. [rGRL, END]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blake, R. (1991) Psychophysical dissection of human vision. In: Fechner Day 19, ed. Lockhead, G.. Duke University Press. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Bloch, A. M. (1885) Experiences sur la vision. Comptes Rendus de la Societé de Biologie 37:493–95. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Bolanowski, S. J. jr., (1987) Contourless stimuli produce binocular brightness summation. Vision Research 27:1943–51. [SJB]Google Scholar
Bolanowski, S. J. Jr., Demeter, S. & Doty, R. W. (1984) Monocular versus binocular Ganzfeld stimulation produces differential uptake of 2–14C-deoxyglucose in striate and prestriate cortex of the macaque. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 10:730. [SJB]Google Scholar
Bolanowski, S. J. Jr. & Doty, R. W. (1982a) Psychophysics and physiology of Ganzfeld. Perception 11:A26. [SJB]Google Scholar
Bolanowski, S. J. Jr. & Doty, R. W. (1982b) Monocular loss, binocular maintenance of perception in Ganzfeld. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 8:675. [SJB]Google Scholar
Bolanowski, S. J. Jr. & Doty, R. W. (1987) Perceptual “blankout” of homogeneous fields (Ganzfelder) is prevented with binocular viewing. Vision Research 27:967–82. [rGRL, SJB]Google Scholar
Bolanowski, S. J. Jr., & Gescheider, G. A. (eds.) (1991) Ratio scaling of psychological magnitudes. Erlbaum. [aGRL, SJB]Google Scholar
Bonnet, C. (1969) Les échelles subjectives directes en psychophysique. L'Année Psychologique 69:247–64. [CB]Google Scholar
Bonnet, C. (1986) Manuel pratique de psychophysique. Librairie Armand Colin. [CB]Google Scholar
Bonnet, C. (1990a) How to bridge the gap between magnitude estimation and reaction time. In: Fechner Day 90, ed. H. Müller. International Society for Psychophysics, Würsburg. [CB]Google Scholar
Bonnet, C. (1990b) Psychophysical approaches, contextual effects and response bias. In: Cognitive biases, ed. Caverni, J.-P., Fabre, J.-M. & Gonzales, M.. Elsevier. [CB]Google Scholar
Borg, G. (1961) Interindividual scaling and perception of muscular force. Kungliga Fysiografiska sällskapets i Lund förhandlingar 12:117–25. [GB]Google Scholar
Borg, G. (1962) Physical performance and perceived exertion. Studia Psychologica et Paedagocia, Series Altera, Investigationes XI. Gleerup, Lund. [GB]Google Scholar
Borg, G. (1990) A general model for interindividual comparisons. In: Recent trends in theoretical psychology, vol. 2, ed. Baker, W. J., Hyland, M. E., van Hezewijk, R. & Terwee, S.. Springer-Verlag. [GB]Google Scholar
Borg, G., Diamant, H., Ström, L. & Zotterman, Y. (1967) The relation between neural and perceptual intensity. A comparative study on the neural and psychophysical response to taste stimuli. Journal of Physiology 1192:13–20. [GB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borg, G., Ljunggren, G. & Ceci, R. (1985) The increase of perceived exertion, aches and pain in the legs, heart rate and blood lactate during exercise on a bicycle ergometer. European Journal of Applied Physiology 54:343–49. [GB]Google Scholar
Borg, G. & Marks, L. E. (1983) Twelve meanings of the measure constant in psychophysical power functions. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 21:73–75. [GB]Google Scholar
Borg, G., van den Burg, M., Hassmén, P., Kaijser, L. & Tanaka, S. (1987) Relationships between perceived exertion, HR and HLa in cycling, running and walking. Scandinavian Journal of Sports Sciences 9:69–77. [GB]Google Scholar
Boring, E. G. (1921) The stimulus-error. American Journal of Psychology 32:449–71. [MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boring, E. G. (1950) A history of experimental psychology. Prentice-Hall. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Boynton, R. M. (1979) Human color vision. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [NHA]Google Scholar
Boynton, R. M. (1988) Color vision. Annual Review of Psychology 39:69–100. [JvB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braida, L. D. (1991) Crossmodal integration in the identification of consonant segments. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 43A:647–77. [NAM]Google Scholar
Bressan, P., Masin, S. C., Vicario, G. & Vidotto, G. (1985) A functionalmeasurement study of apparent rarefaction. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 23:415–17. [NHA]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. (1991) Early selection, late selection, and the partitioning of structure. In: The perception of structure, ed. Lockhead, G. & Pomerantz, J.. American Psychological Association. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Broca, A. & Sulzer, D. (1902) La sensation lumineuse en fonction du temps. Journal de Physiologie 4:632–40. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Brunswik, E. (1956) Perception and representative design of psychological experiments. University of California Press. [LEK]Google Scholar
Brysbaert, M. & d'Ydewalle, G. (1984) Het subjectieve midden tussen twee helderheden bij een verschillende achtergrondskleur. Psychologica Belgica 24:115–27. [MB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brysbaert, M. & d'Ydewalle, G. (1989) Unifying psychophysics: And what if things are not so simple? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:271–73. [aGRL, MB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brysbaert, M. & d'Ydewalle, G. (1990) The difference between stimulus and background: An explanation of the psychophysical function based on partition scales? In: Psychophysical explorations of mental structure, ed. Geissler, H.-G.. Hogrefe & Huber. [MB]Google Scholar
Busemeyer, J. R. (1991) Intuitive statistical estimation. In: Contributions to information integration theory. Vol. 1: Cognition, ed. Anderson, N. H.. Erlbaum. [NHA]Google Scholar
Campbell, F. W. & Robson, J. G. (1961) A fresh approach to stabilized retinal images. Journal of Physiology 158:11–12. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Carterette, E. C. & Anderson, N. H. (1979) Bisection of loudness. Perception & Psychophysics 26:265–80. [NHA]Google Scholar
Cartwright, N. (1983) How the laws of physics lie. Clarendon Press. [JvB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavonius, C. R. (1979) Binocular interactions in flicker. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 31: 273–80. [DL]Google Scholar
Cavonius, C. R., Van der Tweel, H. & Estévez, O. (1992) Counterphase flicker is seen as its own second harmonic. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 12:85. [DL]Google Scholar
Chocholle, R. (1945) Cited in Woodworth, R. S. & Schlosberg, H., eds. (1945) Experimental psychology. Holt. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Clavadetscher, J. E. (1991) Studies of a two process theory for geometric illusions. In: Contributions to information integration theory. Vol. 1: Cognition, ed. Anderson, N. H.. Erlbaum. [NHA]Google Scholar
Cohen, I. B. (1985) Revolution in science. Harvard University Press; Belknap Press. [JSM]Google Scholar
Coren, S. (1986) An efferent component in the visual perception of direction and extent. Psychological Review 93:391–410. [SC]Google Scholar
Coren, S. (1990) Perceptual constancies. In: The Blackwell dictionary of cognitive psychology, ed. Eysenck, M. W.. Basil Blackwell. [SC]Google Scholar
Coren, S. & Girgus, J. S. (1972) Differentiation and decrement in the Mueller-Lyer illusion. Perception & Psychophysics 12:466–70. [SC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coren, S. & Girgus, J. S. (1977) Illusions and constancies. In: Stability and constancy in visual perception: Mechanisms and processes, ed. Epstein, W.. Wiley. [SC]Google Scholar
Coren, S. & Girgus, J. S. (1978) Seeing is deceiving: The psychology of visual illusions. Erlbaum. [SC]Google Scholar
Coren, S. & Porac, C. (1983) The creation and reversal of the Mueller-Lyer illusion through attentional manipulation. Perception 12:49–54. [SC]Google Scholar
Cornsweet, T. N. (1970) Visual perception. Academic Press. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Corwin, T. R. & Green, M. A. (1978) The Broca-Sulzer effect in a Ganzfeld. Vision Research 18:1675–78. [rGRL, TRC]Google Scholar
Davidoff, J. D. (1991) Cognition through color. MIT Press. [JvB]Google Scholar
Davidson, D., ed. (1970) Mental events. In: Essays on action and events. Clarendon Press. [JvB]Google Scholar
Davy, E. (1952) The intensity-time relation for multiple flashes of light in the peripheral retina. Journal of the Optical Society of America 42:937–41. [TRC]Google Scholar
DeCarlo, L. T. & Cross, D. V. (1990) Sequential effects in magnitude scaling: Models and theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 119:375–96. [aGRL]Google Scholar
DeGraaf, C., Frijters, J. E. R. & van Trijp, H. C. M. (1987) Taste interaction between glucose and fructose assessed by functional measurement. Perception & Psychophysics 41:383–92. [NHA]Google Scholar
Delboeuf, J. (1873) Etude psychophysique: Recherches théoriques et expérimentales sur la mesure des sensations et spécialement des sensations de lumière et de fatigue. Mémoires couronnés et autres mémoires de l'Académie Royale de Belgique. Brussels: Hayez. [MB]Google Scholar
Delboeuf, J. (1883) Examen critique de la hi psychophysique: Sa base et sa signification: Hering contre Fechner, Fechner contre ses adversaires. Paris: Germer Balliere. [MB]Google Scholar
Durlach, N. I., Tan, H. Z., Macmillan, N. A., Rabinowitz, W. R. & Braida, L. D. (1989) Resolution in one dimension with random variations in background dimensions. Perception & Psychophysics 46:293–96. [NAM]Google Scholar
Dzhafarov, E. N. (in press a) Visual kinematics I: Visual space metric in visual motion. Journal of Mathematical Psychology. [END]Google Scholar
Dzhafarov, E. N. (in press b) Visual kinematics III: Transformation of spatiotemporal coordinates in motion. Journal of Mathematical Psychology. [END]Google Scholar
Eisler, H. (1982) On the nature of subjective scales. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 23:161–71. [HE]Google Scholar
Eisler, H. & Montgomery, H. (1974) On theoretical and realizable ideal conditions in psychophysics: Magnitude and category scales and their relation. Perception & Psychophysics 16:157–68. [HE]Google Scholar
Falmagne, J. C. (1985) Elements of psychophysical theory. Oxford Psychology Series, no. 6. Oxford University Press. [aGRL, END]Google Scholar
Fancher, R. E. (1990) Pioneers of psychology, 2nd ed.Norton. [DA]Google Scholar
Fechner, G. (1860/1966) Elements of psychophysics. Translation, H. Adler. Brietkoph & Härtel. Vol. 1, ed. Boring, E. G. & Howes, D. H.. Holt, Reinhart & Winston. [SC, JSM]Google Scholar
Felfoldy, G. L. (1974) Repetition effects in choice reaction time to multidimensional stimuli. Perception & Psychophysics 15:453–59. [aGRL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finke, R. A. & Schmidt, M. J. (1977) Orientation-specific color aftereffects following imagination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 3:599–606. [DLK]Google Scholar
Fletcher, H. & Munson, W. A. (1933) Loudness, its definition, measurement and calculation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 5:82–108. [rGRL, SJB]Google Scholar
Garner, W. R. (1954) Context effects and the validity of loudness scales. Journal of Experimental Psychology 48:218–24. [aGRL, NAM]Google Scholar
Garner, W. R. (1958) Advantages of the discriminability criterion for a loudness scale. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 30:1005–12. [aGRL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garner, W. R. (1970) The stimulus in information processing. American Psychologist 25:350–58. [LEK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garner, W. R. (1974) The processing of information and structure. Erlbaum. [aGRL, END, LEK, NAM, RDM]Google Scholar
Garner, W. R. & Felfoldy, G. L. (1970) Integrality of stimulus dimensions in various types of information processing. Cognitive Psychology 1:225–41. [DLK, NAM]Google Scholar
Garner, W. R., Hake, H. W. & Erikson, C. W. (1956) Operationism and the concept of perception. Psychological Review 63:149–59. [rGRL, NAM]Google Scholar
Geldard, F. A. (1975) Sensory saltation: Metastability in the perceptual world. Erlbaum. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Gescheider, G. A. (1988) Psychophysical scaling. Annual Review of Psychology 39:169–200. [aGRL, CB, END]Google Scholar
Gescheider, G. A. & Hughson, B. A. (1991) Stimulus context and absolute magnitude estimation: A study of individual differences. Perception & Psychophysics 50:45–57. [GAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Gescheider, G. A. & Joelson, J. M. (1983) Vibrotactile temporal summation for threshold and suprathreshold levels of stimulation. Perception & Psychophysics 33:156–62. [GAG]Google Scholar
Gescheider, G. A. & McDonnell, K. A. (1991) The effects of context on magnitude estimation and absolute magnitude estimation. In: Proceedings of the seventh annual meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics, ed. G. R. Lockhead. [GAG]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1950) The perception of the visual world. Houghton Mifflin. [aGRL, END, LEK]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1952) The visual field and the visual world: A reply to Professor Boring. Psychological Review 59:149–51. [LEK]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1960) The concept of the stimulus in psychology. American Psychologist 15:694–703. [LEK]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1963) The useful dimensions of sensitivity. American Psychologist 18:1–15. [LEK]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1966) The senses considered as perceptual systems. Houghton Mifflin. [LEK, SR]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Houghton Mifflin. [aGRL, DA, LEK, SR]Google Scholar
Gilchrist, A. L. (1980) When does perceived lightness depend on perceived spatial arrangement? Perception & Psychophysics 28:527–38. [MT]Google ScholarPubMed
Gillam, B. (1980) Geometrical illusions. Scientific American 242:102–11. [SC]Google Scholar
Girgus, J. S. & Coren, S. (1982) Assimilation and contrast illusions: Differences in plasticity. Perception & Psychophysics 32:555–61. [SC]Google Scholar
Goudge, T. A. (1967) Emergent evolutionism. In: The encyclopedia of philosophy, vol. 2, ed. Edwards, P.. Macmillan. [LEK]Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1990) Down on the farm. New York Review of Books 34:21–22, 26–27. [rGRL, LEM]Google Scholar
Graham, C. H., Brown, R. H., & Mote, F. A. (1939) The relation of size of stimulus and intensity in the human eye. I. Intensity thresholds for white light. Journal of Experimental Psychology 24:555–73. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Graham, C. H. & Kemp, E. H. (1938) Brightness discrimination as a function of the duration of the increment in intensity. Journal of General Physiology 21:635–50. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Graham, N. (1989) Visual pattern analysers. Oxford University Press. [RDM, BS]Google Scholar
Gravetter, F. & Lockhead, G. (1973) Criterial range as a frame of reference for stimulus judgment. Psychological Review 80:203–16. [arGRL]Google Scholar
Green, D. M. & Swets, J. A. (1966) Signal detection theory and psychophysics. Wiley. [MT]Google Scholar
Gregory, R. L. (1970) The intelligent eye. McGraw-Hill. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Gregory, R. L. (1978) Eye and brain, 3rd ed.McGraw-Hill. [DA, SC]Google Scholar
Gregson, R. A. M. (1983) Time series in psychology. Erlbaum. [RAMG]Google Scholar
Gregson, R. A. M. (1988) Nonlinear psychophysical dynamics. Erlbaum. [HE, RAMG]Google Scholar
Gregson, R. A. M. (1992) n-Dimensional nonlinear psychophysics. Erlbaum. [RAMG]Google Scholar
Grice, G. R. (1968) Stimulus intensity and response evocation. Psychological Review 75:359–73. [CB]Google Scholar
Grice, G. R., Nullmeyer, R. & Schnizlein, J. M. (1979) Variable criterion analysis of brightness effects in simple reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5:303–14. [CB]Google Scholar
Grossberg, S. (1976) Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding: Part I. Parallel development and coding of neural feature detectors. Biological Cybernetics 23:121–34. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Grossberg, S. (1987a) Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception: I. Monocular theory. Perception & Psychophysics 41:87–116. [JSM]Google Scholar
Grossberg, S. (1987b) Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception: II. Binocular theory. Perception & Psychophysics 41:117–58. [JSM]Google Scholar
Grossberg, S. (1988) Neural networks and natural intelligence. MIT Press. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Guillaume, P. (1955/1979) La psychologie de la forme. Paris: Flammarion. [KKN]Google Scholar
Gupta, A. (1980) The logic of common nouns. Yale University Press. [KKN]Google Scholar
Harper, R. S. & Stevens, S. S. (1948) A psychological scale of weight and a formula for its derivation. American Journal of Psychology 61:343–51. [RMW]Google Scholar
Hawkins, H. L. & Shigley, R. H. (1972) Irrelevant information and processing mode in speeded discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology 96:389–95. [DLK]Google Scholar
Heinemann, E. G. (1950) Simultaneous brightness induction as a function of inducing and test-field luminances. Journal of Experimental Psychology 50:89–96. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Helmann, R. P. & Zwislocki, J. J. (1964) Loudness function of a 1000 cps tone in the presence of a masking noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 36:1618–27. [GAG]Google Scholar
Hellström, Å. (1977) Time errors are perceptual. An experimental investigation of duration and a quantitative successive-comparison model. Psychological Research 39:345–88. [HE]Google Scholar
Hellström, Å. (1979) Time errors and differential sensation weighting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance 5:460–77. [HE]Google Scholar
Hellström, Å. (1989) What happens when we compare two stimuli? In: Psychophysics in action, ed. Ljunggren, G. & Domic, S.. Springer-Verlag. [HE]Google Scholar
Helson, H. (1964) Adaptation-level theory: An experimental and systematic approach to behavior. Harper & Row. [arGRL, MB, SC, RAMG]Google Scholar
Herbart, J. F. (1816/1891) A text book in psychology: An attempt to found the science of psychology on experience, metaphysics, and mathematics, 2nd ed., ed. W. T. Harris. Translation, M. K. Smith. Appleton. [JSM]Google Scholar
Hering, E. (1961) Beiträge zur physiologie: Zur Lehre vom Ortsinn der Netzhaut. Engelmann. [SC]Google Scholar
Hering, E. (1964) Outlines of a theory of the light sense, trans. Hurvich, L.. Harvard University Press. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Hinson, J. & Lockhead, G. R. (1986) Range effects in successive discrimination procedures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 12:270–76. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Hirst, R. J. (1967) Sensa. In: The encyclopedia of philosophy, vol. 7, ed. Edwards, P.. Macmillan. [LEK]Google Scholar
Holland, M. (1968) Channel capacity and sequential effects: The influence of the immediate stimulus history on recognition performance. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University. [arGRL]Google Scholar
Holland, M. & Lockhead, G. (1968) Sequential effects in absolute judgments of loudness. Perception & Psychophysics 3:409–14. [arGRL, RDM]Google Scholar
Hollingworth, H. L. (1909) The inaccuracy of movement. Archives of Psychology 13. [DL]Google Scholar
Hutchinson, J. W. & Lockhead, G. R. (1977) Similarity as distance: A structural principle for semantic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 3:660–78. [arGRL]Google Scholar
Ittleson, W. H. (1968) Size as a cue to distance. American Journal of Psychology 64:54–67, 188–202. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Jacobsen, A. & Gilchrist, A. (1988) The ratio principle holds over a million-to-one range of illumination. Perception & Psychophysics 43:1–6. [MT]Google Scholar
James, W. (1890) The principles of psychology, 2 vols. Holt. (Reprint, Dover, 1950.) [JSM, RMW]Google Scholar
Jameson, D. & Hurvich, L. (1964) Theory of brightness and color contrast in human vision. Vision Research 4:135–54. [END]Google Scholar
Jameson, D. & Hurvich, L. (1989) Essay concerning color constancy. Annual Review of Psychology 40:1–22. [CB]Google Scholar
Katz, D. (1989) The world of touch. Edit and translation, Krueger, L. E.. Erlbaum. [LEK]Google Scholar
Katz, M. S. (1964) Brief flash brightness. Vision Research 4:361–73. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Keesey, U. T. (1970) Variable determining flicker sensitivity in small fields. Journal of the Optical Society of America 60:390–98. [DL]Google Scholar
Kelly, D. (1979a) Motion and vision I. Stabilized images of stationary gratings. Journal of the Optical Society of America 69:1266–74. [END]Google Scholar
Kelly, D. (1979b) Motion and vision II. Stabilized spatiotemporal threshold surface. Journal of the Optical Society of America 69:1340–49. [aGRL, END]Google Scholar
Kemler-Nelson, D. G. & Smith, L. B. (1979) Accessing similarity and dimensional relations: The effect of integrality and separability on the discovery of complex concepts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 108:133–50. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Killeen, P. (1989) Maximum entropy psychophysics. Presented at 30th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Atlanta, GA, November. [aGRL]Google Scholar
King, D. L. (1988) Assimilation is due to one perceived whole and contrast is due to two perceived wholes. New Ideas in Psychology 6:277–88. [DLK]Google Scholar
King, D. L., Hicks, H. & Brown, P. D. (1991) A line facilitates the perception of a second line. Poster presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, CA, November. [DLK]Google Scholar
King, D. L. & Thomas, J. (1991; unpublished) Discriminations between one and two objects. [DLK]Google Scholar
King, M. C. (1980) Sequential effects in the variability of magnitude estimations of loudness, Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University. [aGRL]Google Scholar
King, M. C. & Lockhead, G. (1981) Response scales and sequential effects in judgment. Perception & Psychophysics 30:599–603. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Koffka, K. (1922) Perception: An introduction to Gestalt-Theorie. Psychological Bulletin 19:531–85. [JSM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krantz, D. H. (1972) A theory of magnitude estimation and cross-modality matching. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 9:168–99. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Krauskopf, J. (1963) Effect of retinal image stabilization on the appearance of heterochromatic targets. Journal of the Optical Society of America 53:741–44. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Krueger, L. E. (1982a) Single judgments of numerosity. Perception & Psychophysics 31:175–82. [LEK]Google Scholar
Krueger, L. E. (1982b) Tactual perception in historical perspective: David Katz's world of touch. In: Tactual perception: A sourcehook, ed. Schiff, W. & Foulke, E.. Cambridge University Press. [LEK]Google Scholar
Krueger, L. E. (1989a) Reconciling Fechner and Stevens: Toward a unified psychophysical law. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:251–67. [aGRL, MB, END, RAMG, LEK, JSM, NAM, KHN]Google Scholar
Krueger, L. E. (1989b) Psychophysical law: Keep it simple (Author's Response). Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:299–312. [aGRL, LEK]Google Scholar
Krueger, L. E. (1991a) Psychophysical law: Taming the cognitive and chaotic aspects (Author's response to continuing commentaries). Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14:193–99. [LEK]Google Scholar
Krueger, L. E. (1991b) Toward a unified psychophysical law and beyond. In: Ratio scaling of psychological magnitude: In honor of the memory of S. S. Stevens, ed. Bolanowski, S. J. Jr., & Gescheider, G. A.. Erlbaum. [LEK]Google Scholar
Kubovy, M. (1985) Overview. In: Handbook of perception and performance, vol. 2, sect. 6, ed. Boff, K., Kaufman, L. & Thomas, J.. Wiley. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Küffler, S. W. (1953) Discharge patterns and functional organization of the mammalian retina. Journal of Neurophysiology 16:37–68. [JSM]Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. S. (1970) The structure of scientific revolutions, 2nd ed., enlarged. University of Chicago Press. [JSM]Google Scholar
Laming, D. (1968) Information theory of choice-reaction times. Academic Press. [DL]Google Scholar
Laming, D. (1986) Sensory analysis. Academic Press. [aGRL, DL, NAM]Google Scholar
Laming, D. (1988a) Précis of Sensory analysis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11:275–96. [DL, NAM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laming, D. (1988b) Sensory discrimination and sensory judgment: An introduction to modern psychophysics. University of Cambridge, Department of Experimental Psychology. [aGRL, DL]Google Scholar
Laming, D. (1989) On relating visual phenomena to physiological observation. In: Seeing contour and colour, ed. Kulikowski, J. J., Dickinson, C. M. & Murray, I. J.. Pergamon. [DL]Google Scholar
Land, E. H. (1959) Color vision and the natural image. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 45:115–29, 536–644. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Lawrence, D. H. (1963) The nature of a stimulus: Some relationships between learning and perception. In: Psychology: A study of a science, vol. 5, ed. Koch, S.. McGraw-Hill. [LEK]Google Scholar
Lehiste, I. & Peterson, G. E. (1959) Vowel amplitude and phonemic stress in American English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 31:428–35. [LEK]Google Scholar
Livingstone, M. S. & Hubel, D. H. (1987) Psychophysical evidence for separate channels for the perception of form, color, movement, and depth. Journal of Neuroscience 7(11):3416–68. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Livingstone, M. S. & Hubel, D. H. (1988) Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: Anatomy, physiology, and perception. Science 240:740–49. [JSM, RDM]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. (1966a) Effects of dimensional redundancy on visual discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology 72:95–104. [aGRL, DLK, NAM]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. (1966b) Visual discrimination and methods of presenting redundant stimuli. Proceedings of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. (1970) Identification and the form of multidimensional discrimination space. Journal of Experimental Psychology 85:1–10. [arGRL]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. (1972) Processing dimensional stimuli: A note. Psychological Review 79:410–19. [arGRL, NAM, RDM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lockhead, G. R. (1979) Holistic versus analytic process models: A reply. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5:746–55. [RDM]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. (1984) Sequential predictors of choice. In: Preparatory states and processes, ed. Kornblum, S. & Requin, J.. Erlbaum. [aGRL, SC]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. (1988) Modeling temporal and spatial differences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11:302–03. [aGRL, NAM]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. (in press) On identifying things: A case for context. In: Percepts, concepts, and categories: The representation and processing of information. Advances in psychology, ed. B. Burns. North-Holland. [arGRL]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. & Hinson, J. (1986) Range and sequence effects in judgment. Perception & Psychophysics 40:53–61. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R., Johnson, R. & Gold, F. (1980) Saltation through the blind spot. Perception & Psychophysics 27:545–49. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. & King, M. C. (1983) A memory model of sequential scaling tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9:461–73. [arGRL, RDM]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. & King, M. C. (1988) An alternative to the neural-attention hypothesis for auditory psychophysics. Fechner Day 88:101–02. International Society for Psychophysics, Stirling, Scotland. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Lockhead, G. R. & Wolbarsht, M. L. (1989) The moon and other toys. In: The moon illusion, ed. Hershenson, M.. Erlbaum. [arGRL]Google Scholar
Lopes, L. L. & Oden, G. C. (1980) Comparison of two models of similarity judgment. Acta Psychologica 46:205–34. [NHA]Google Scholar
Lowry, E. M. & DePalma, J. J. (1961) Sine-wave response of the visual system I. The Mach phenomenon. Journal of the Optical Society of America 51:740–46. [END]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. (1963) On the possible psychophysical laws. In: Readings in mathematical psychology, vol. 1, ed. Luce, R. D., Bush, R. R. & Galanter, E.. Wiley. [KKN]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. (1986) Response time. Oxford University Press. [CB]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. & Green, D. M. (1972) A neural timing theory for response times and the psychophysics of intensity. Psychological Review 79:14–57. [CB]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. & Green, D. M. (1978) Two tests of a neural attention hypothesis for auditory psychophysics. Perception & Psychophysics 223:363–71. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. & Krumhansl, C. L. (1988) Measurement, scaling, and psychophysics. In: Stevens's handbook of experimental psychology, 2nd ed., ed. Atkinson, R., Herrnstein, R., Lindzey, G. & Luce, R. D.. Wiley Interscience. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Mach, E. (1897/1959) The analysis of sensations and the relation of the physical to the psychical. Translation, Williams, C. M.. Dover. [RLG]Google Scholar
Mack, A. (1978) Three modes of visual perception. In: Modes of perceiving and processing information, ed. Pick, H. I. Jr., & Saltzman, E.. Erlbaum. [LEK]Google Scholar
MacLaury, R. E. (1992) From brightness to hue: An explanatory model of color-category evolution. Current Anthropology 33 (in press). [JvB]Google Scholar
Macnamara, J. (1986) A border dispute. MIT Press. [KKN]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. (1978) Is the speaker-hearer a special hearer? In: Modes of perceiving and processing information, ed. Pick, H. I. Jr., & Saltzman, E.. Erlbaum. [LEK]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1974) Sensory processes: The new psychophysics. Academic Press. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1988) Magnitude estimation and sensory matching. Perception & Psychophysics 43:511–25. [LEM]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1989) On the principle of “Matching by scaling.” Paper presented at the 30th annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Altanta, GA. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1991a) Slippery context effects in psychophysical judgment. Paper presented to the Experimental Psychology Society, Cambridge, England, April. [LEM]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1991b) Equal-loudness relations are awfully contingent, by golly! Toward a new cognitive psychophysics. In: Proceedings of the seventh annual meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics, ed. G. R. Lockhead. [GAG]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. & Algom, D. (1990) Context effects and loudness scales: Ghosts in the auditory machine? In: Fechner Day '90, ed. Müller, F.. International Society for Psychophysics, Würzburg, Germany. [DA]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E., Borg, G. A. V. & Ljunggren, G. (1983) Individual differences in perceived exertion assessed by two new methods. Perception & Psychophysics 34:280–88. [GB]Google Scholar
Marmarelis, P. Z. & Marmarelis, V. Z. (1978) Analysis of physiological systems. Plenum Press. [RAMG]Google Scholar
Marr, D. (1982) Vision. Freeman. [MB]Google Scholar
Masin, S. C. (1991) A weighted-average model of achromatic transparency. Perception & Psychophysics 49:563–71. [SCM]Google Scholar
Massaro, D. W. (1991) Language processing and information integration. In: Contributions to information integration theory. Vol. 1: Cognition, ed. Anderson, N. H.. Erlbaum. [NHA]Google Scholar
McBride, R. L. & Anderson, N. H. (1991) Integration psychophysics in the chemical senses. In: Contributions to information integration theory. Vol. 1: Cognition, ed. Anderson, N. H.. Erlbaum. [NHA]Google Scholar
McGill, W. J. (1967) Neural counting mechanisms and energy detection in audition. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 4:351–76. [CB]Google Scholar
Melara, R. D. (1989) Dimensional interaction between color and pitch. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 15:69–79. [RDM]Google Scholar
Melara, R. D. (1991) The primacy of perceptually interacting dimensions. Proceedings of the International Society for Psychophysics 7:21–26. [RDM]Google Scholar
Melara, R. D. & Marks, L. E. (1990b) Interaction among auditory dimensions: Timbre, pitch, and loudness. Perception & Psychophysics 48:169–78. [NAM]Google Scholar
Melara, R. D. & Marks, L. E. (1990c) Perceptual primacy of dimensions: Support for a model of dimensional interaction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 16:398–414. [NAM]Google Scholar
Melara, R. D. & Marks, L. E. (1990a) Dimensional interactions in language processing: Investigating directions and levels of crosstalk. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Memory, Learning, and Cognition 16:539–54. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Melara, R. D. & Marks, L. E. (1990d) HARD and SOFT interacting dimensions: Differential effects of dual context on classification. Perception & Psychophysics 47:307–25. [RDM]Google Scholar
Melara, R. D. & O'Brien, T. P. (1987) Interaction between synesthetically corresponding dimensions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 116:323–36. [NAM]Google Scholar
Metelli, F. (1985) Stimulation and perception of transparency. Psychological Research 47:185–202. [SCM]Google Scholar
Monahan, J. S. & Lockhead, G. (1977) Identification of integral stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 106:94–110. [arGRL]Google Scholar
Morgan, C. L. (1923) Emergent evolution. Holt. [LEK]Google Scholar
Mountcastle, V. G., Poggio, G. F. & Werner, G. (1963) The relation of thalamic cell response to peripheral stimuli varied over an intensive continuum. Journal of Neurophysiology 26:807–34. [GB]Google Scholar
Müller, J. (1838/1843) Elements of physiology, Book V (Original title: Handbüch der physiologie des menschen) Translation, Baly, W.. Lea & Blanchard. [JSM]Google Scholar
Myers, A. K. (1982) Psychophysical scaling and scales of physical stimulus measurement. Psychological Bulletin 92:203–14. [LEK]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H. (1977) On the information received by sensory receptors. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 39:453–61. [CB, KHN]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H. (1981) The magical number seven: Making a “bit” of “sense.” Perception & Psychophysics 29:409–22. [KHN]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H. (1983) To perceive is to doubt: The relativity of perception. Journal of Theoretical Biology 102:175–90. [KHN]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H. (1984) The psychophysics of taste from the entropy of the stimulus. Perception & Psychophysics 42:286–98. [CB]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H. (1987) On the theory of Weber fractions. Perception & Psychophysics 42:286–98. [KHN]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H. (1990) Toward the unification of the laws of sensation: Some food for thought. IFT Symposium. Marcel Dekker. [CB]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H. (1991) On the fundamental nature of perception. Acta Biotheoretica 39:81–90. [KHN]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H., Sebum, C. N. L. & Axelrad, E. (1989) An information approach to reaction times. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 51:347–58. [CB]Google Scholar
Nosofsky, R. M. (1987) Attention and learning processes in the identification and categorization of integral stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 13:87–109. [RDM]Google Scholar
Oden, G. C. & Massaro, D. W. (1978) Integration of featural information in speech perception. Psychological Review 85:172–91. [NHA]Google Scholar
Parducci, A. & Perrett, L. F. (1971) Category rating scales: Effects of relative spacing and frequency of stimulus values. Journal of Experimental Psychology 89:427–52. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Pashler, H. (1984) Evidence against late selection: Stimulus quality effects in previewed displays. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 10:429–48. [DLK]Google Scholar
Pick, H. I. Jr., & Saltzman, E., eds. (1978) Modes of perceiving and processing information. Erlbaum. [LEK]Google Scholar
Piéron, H. (1952) The sensations. Yale University Press. [CB]Google Scholar
Plateau, J. (1872a) Sur la mesure des sensations physiques, et sur la loi qui lie l'intensité de ces sensations à l'intensité de la cause excitante. Bulletins de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, 2nd series 33:376–88. [MB]Google Scholar
Plateau, J. (1872b) Un mot par M. J. Plateau au sujet du Mémoire présenté par M. Delboeuf. Bulletins de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, 2nd series 34:141–42. [MB]Google Scholar
Plateau, J. (1872c) Etude psychophysique par M. Delboeuf: Rapport par M. J. Plateau. Bulletins de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, 2nd series 34:250–62. [MB]Google Scholar
Plateau, J. (1873) Ueber die Messung physischer Empfindungen und das Gesetz, welches die Stärke dieser Empfindungen mit der Stärke der erregenden Ursache verknüpft. Annalen der Physik mid Chemie 150:465–76. [MB]Google Scholar
Polanyi, M. (1958) Personal knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy. University of Chicago Press. [LEK]Google Scholar
Pomerantz, J. R. & Pristach, E. A. (1989) Emergent features, attention, and perceptual glue in visual form perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 15:635–49. [DLK]Google Scholar
Poulton, E. C. (1979) Models for biases in judging sensory magnitude. Psychological Bulletin 86:777–803. [END]Google Scholar
Poulton, E. C. (1989) Bias in quantifying judgments. Erlbaum. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Purks, S. R., Callahan, D. J., Braida, L. D. & Durlach, N. I. (1980) Intensity perception X. Effect of preceding stimulus on identification performance. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 67:634–37. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Putnam, H. (1975) Is semantics possible? In: Mind, language, and reality: Philosophical papers, vol. 2, ed. Putnam, H.. Cambridge University Press. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Quine, W. V. (1960) Word and object. MIT Press. [GB]Google Scholar
Ramachandran, V. S. (1987) Interaction between colour and motion in human vision. Nature 328:645–47. [DLK]Google Scholar
Reid, T. (1764/1970) An inquiry into the human mind, ed. Duggan, T.. University of Chicago Press. [LEK]Google Scholar
Reid, T. (1785/1878) Essays on the intellectual powers of man. Abridged edition with notes from Sir William Hamilton and others, ed. Walker, J.. Butler. [LEK]Google Scholar
Restle, F. (1961) The psychology of judgment and choice: A theoretical essay. Wiley. [CB]Google Scholar
Rock, I. (1977) In defense of unconscious inference. In: Stability and constancy in visual perception: Mechanisms and processes, ed. Epstein, W.. Wiley. [LEK]Google Scholar
Rock, I. (1983) The logic of perception. MIT Press. [KKN]Google Scholar
Rosch, E. (1975) Cognitive representations of semantic categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 104:192–233. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Rozhkova, G. I., Nickolayev, P. P. & Shchadrin, V. E. (1982) Perception of stabilized retinal stimuli in dichoptic viewing conditions. Vision Research 22:293–302. [SJB]Google Scholar
Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J. L. & the PDF Research Group (1986) Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1 & 2. MIT Press. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Rundle, B. (1972) Perception, sensation, and verification. Oxford University Press. [LEK]Google Scholar
Saunders, B. A. C. (1992) The invention of basic colour terms. Utrecht: ISOR (in press). [JvB]Google Scholar
Scharf, B. (1970) Critical bands. In: Foundations of modern auditory theory, vol. 1, ed. Tobias, J. V.. Academic Press. [BS]Google Scholar
Schetzen, M. (1980) The Volterra and Wiener theories of nonlinear systems. Wiley. [RAMG]Google Scholar
Schneider, B. (1988) The additivity of loudness across critical bands: A conjoint measurement approach. Perception & Psychophysics 43:211–22. [BS]Google Scholar
Schneider, B. & Parker, S. (1990) Does stimulus context affect loudness or only loudness judgments? Perception & Psychophysics 48:409–18. [GAG, BS]Google Scholar
Schönemann, P. H. (1990) Psychophysical maps for rectangles. In: Psychophysical explorations of mental structures, ed. Geissler, H.-G.. Hogrefe & Huber. [HE]Google Scholar
Schubert, J. & Gilchrist, A. L. (1991) Relative luminance is not derived from absolute luminance. Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, CA, November. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Shanteau, J. (1991) Functional measurement analysis of response times in problem solving. In: Contributions to information integration theory. Vol. 1: Cognition, ed. Anderson, N. H.. Erlbaum. [NHA]Google Scholar
Sharpe, C. (1972) The visibility and fading of thin lines visualized by their controlled movement across the retina. Journal of Physiology 222:113–34. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1966) Metric structures in ordinal data. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 3:287–315. [LEK]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1981) Psychological relations and psychophysical scales: On the status of “direct” psychophysical measurement. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 24:21–57. [aGRL, CB]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1987) Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science 237:1317–23. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1991) Integrality versus separability of stimulus dimensions: Evolution of the distinction and a proposed theoretical basis. In: The perception of structure, ed. Lockhead, G. R. & Pomerantz, J.. American Psychological Association. [arGRL]Google Scholar
Shepp, B. E. & Swartz, K. B. (1976) Selective attention and the processing of integral and nonintegral dimensions: A developmental study. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 22:73–85. [NAM]Google Scholar
Solomon, H. Y. & Turvey, M. T. (1988) Haptically perceiving the distances reachable with a hand-held object. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 14:404–27. [RT]Google Scholar
Staddon, J. E. R., King, M. C. & Lockhead, G. R. (1977) On sequential effects in absolute judgment experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 6:290–301. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Stevens, J. C. & Hall, J. W. (1966) Brightness and loudness as functions of stimulus durations. Perception & Psychophysics 1:319–27. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Stevens, J. C. & Marks, L. E. (1971) Spatial summation and the dynamics of warmth sensation. Perception & Psychophysics 9:291–98. [GAG]Google Scholar
Stevens, J. C. & Stevens, S. S. (1963) Brightness function: Effects of adaptation. Journal of the Optical Society of America 53:375–85. [END]Google Scholar
Stevens, J. C. & Tulving, E. (1957) Estimations of loudness by a group of untrained observers. American Journal of Psychology 70:600–05. [RT]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1935) The operational definition of concepts. Psychological Review 42:517–27. [JSM]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1955) On the averaging of data. Science 121:113–16. [rGRL]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1957) On the psychophysical law. Psychological Review 64:153–81. [arGRL, JSM]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1960) The psychophysics of sensory function. American Scientist 48:226–53. [MT]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1961) To honor Fechner and repeal his law. Science 133:80–86. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1962) The surprising simplicity of sensory metrics. American Psychologist 17:29–39. [LEM]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1970) Neural events and the psychophysical law. Science 170:1043–50. [rGRL, TRC]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1975) Psychophysics: Introduction to its perceptual, neural, and social prospects, ed. Stevens, G.. Wiley. [aGRL, DA, LEM]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. & Davis, H. (1938) Hearing. Wiley.Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. & Guirao, M. (1962) Loudness, reciprocality and partition scales. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 34:1466–71. [RMW]Google Scholar
Swets, J. A., Tanner, W. P. & Birdsall, T. G. (1961) Decision processes in perception. Psychological Review 68:301–40. [JSM]Google Scholar
Takasaki, H. (1966) Lightness change of grays induced by change in reflection of gray background. Journal of the Optical Society of America 56:504–9. [DL]Google Scholar
Teghtsoonian, R. (1971) On the exponents in Stevens's law and the constants in Ekman's law. Psychological Review 78:71–80. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Teghtsoonian, R. (1973) Range effects in psychophysical scaling and a revision of Stevens's law. American Journal of Psychology 86:3–27. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Thurstone, L. L. (1927) A law of comparative judgment. Psychological Review 34:273–86. [LEK]Google Scholar
Titchener, E. B. (1905) Experimental psychology: A manual of laboratory practice, vol. II, Quantitative experiments: Part I. Student's manual. Macmillan. [JSM]Google Scholar
Treisman, A. (1986) Properties, parts, and objects. In: Handbook of perception and performance, vol. 2, ed. Boff, K., Kaufman, L. & Thomas, J.. Wiley. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Treisman, A. (1990) Features and objects in visual processing. In: The perceptual world, ed. Rock, I.. Freeman [aGRL]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1964a) Sensory scaling and the psychophysical law. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 16:11–22. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1964b) What do sensory scales measure? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 16:387–91. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1981) Sensory scaling: A paradigm whose time has past. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:206–7. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1984) A theory of criterion setting: An alternative to the attention band and response ratio hypotheses in magnitude estimation and cross-modality matching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 113:443–63. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1985) The magical number seven arid some other features of category scaling: Properties of a model for absolute judgment. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 29:175–230. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1987) Effects of the setting and adjustment of decision criteria on psychophysical performance. In: Progress in mathematical psychology I, ed. Roskam, E. E. & Suck, R.. Elsevier Science Publishers (North-Holland). [HE, MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1989) Sensory scaling: Unanswered questions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:293–94. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. & Faulkner, A. (1987) Generation of random sequences by human subjects: Cognitive operations or psychophysical process? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 116:337–55. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. & Williams, T. C. (1984) A theory of criterion setting with an application to sequential dependencies. Psychological Review 91:68–111. [MT]Google Scholar
Uttal, W. R. (1990) On some two-way barriers between models and mechanisms. Perception and Psychophysics 48:188–203. [SCM]Google Scholar
Van Brakel, J. (1992) The plasticity of categories: The case of colour. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 43 (in press). [JvB] (forthcoming) Supervenience and natural kinds. [JvB]Google Scholar
Van Fraassen, B. C. (1989) Laws and symmetry. Clarendon Press. [JvB]Google Scholar
Verrillo, R. T., Fraioli, A. J. & Smith, R. L. (1969) Sensation magnitude of vibrotactile stimuli. Perception & Psychophysics 6:366–72. [SJB]Google Scholar
von Bekesy, G. (1967) Sensory inhibition. Princeton University Press. [rGRL]Google Scholar
von Kries, J. (1882) Über die Messung intensiver Grössen und über das sogenannte psychophysische Gesetz. Vierteljahresschrift für Wissenschaftliche Philosophic 6(3):257–94. [KKN]Google Scholar
Wagner, M. (1985) The metric of visual space. Perception & Psychophysics 38:483–95. [MW]Google Scholar
Wagner, M. & Feldman, E. (1990) A psychophysical analysis of the development of cognitive maps. In: International Society for Psychophysics Annual, vol. 6, ed. Müller, F.. International Society for Psychophysics. [MW]Google Scholar
Ward, L. (1970) Some psychophysical properties of category judgments and magnitude estimations. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Ward, L. (1973) Repeated magnitude estimations with a variable standard: Sequential effects and other properties. Perception & Psychophysics 13:193–200. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Ward, L. (1975) Sequential dependencies and response range in cross-modality matches of duration to loudness. Perception & Psychophysics 18:217–23. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Ward, L. (1979) Stimulus information and sequential dependencies in magnitude estimation and cross-modality matching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5:444–59. [SC]Google Scholar
Ward, L. (1982) Mixed-modality psychophysical scaling: Sequential dependencies and other properties. Perception & Psychophysics 31:53–62. [MT]Google Scholar
Ward, L. (1985) Mixed-modality psychophysical scaling: Inter- and intramodality sequential dependencies as a function of Iag. Perception & Psychophysics 38:512–22. [MT]Google Scholar
Ward, L. (1990) Critical bands and mixed-frequency scaling: Sequential dependencies, equal-loudness contours, and power function exponents. Perception Psychophysics 47:551–62. [GAG]Google Scholar
Ward, L. (1991) Informational and neural adaptation curves are asynchronous. Perception & Psychophysics 50:117–28. [KHN]Google Scholar
Ward, L. M. & Davidson, K. P. (in preparation) On unifying the laws of sensation: An empirical investigation of predictions arising from Norwich's entropy theory of perception. [CB]Google Scholar
Ward, L. M. & Lockhead, G. R. (1971) Response system processes in absolute judgment. Perception & Psychophysics 9:73–78. [aGRL, DL]Google Scholar
Ward, L. M., Porac, C., Coren, S. & Girgus, J. S. (1977) The case for misapplied constancy scaling: Depth associations elicited by illusion configurations. American Journal of Psychology 90:609–20. [SC]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1958) A basis for judgments of sensory intensity. American Journal of Psychology 71:675–87. [MT]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1962) Are “autophonic” judgments based on loudness? American Journal Psychology 75:452–56. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1968) Vocal compensation for change of distance. Proceedings of the International Congress of Acoustics, Tokyo, vol. A. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1969) Visual intensity judgments: An empirical rule and a theory. Psychological Review 76:16–30. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1970) Elimination of biases in loudness judgments for tones. Journal Acoustical Society of America 48:1397–1403. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1973a) Anomalous loudness function of speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 54:390–96. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1973b) Quantification of loudness. American Journal of Psychology 86:807–25. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1977) Subjective loudness and its physical correlate. Acoustica 37:334–46. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1981) Measurement of sensory intensity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:175–223. [aGRL, RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M., Sersen, E. & Pores, E. (1958) A basis for loudness-judgments. American Journal of Psychology 71:700–709. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. & Warren, R. P. (1956) Effect of the relative volume of standard and comparison-object on half-heaviness judgments. American Journal of Psychology 69:640–43. [RMW]Google Scholar
Watson, J. B. (1913) Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review 20:158–77. [JSM]Google Scholar
Watt, R. J. (1988) Visual processing: Computational, psychophysical and cognitive research. Erlbaum. [MB]Google Scholar
Weber, D. L., Green, D. M. & Luce, R. D. (1977) Effects of practice and distribution of auditory signals on absolute identification. Perception & Psychophysics 22:223–31. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Weber, E. H. (1846/1965) On the sense of touch and common sensibility. In: handwörterbuch der physiologie, III, ed. Wagner, R., reprinted In: A source book in the history of psychology, ed. R. J. Herrnstein & E. G. Boring. Translation, B. Haupt. Harvard University Press. [JSM]Google Scholar
Weiss, D. J. (1972) Averaging: An empirical validity criterion for magnitude estimation. Perception & Psychophysics 12:385–88. [NHA]Google Scholar
Weiss, D. J. (1981) The impossible dream of Fechner and Stevens. Perception 10:431–34. [LEK]Google Scholar
Weiss, D. J. (1989) Psychophysics and metaphysics. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:298–99. [LEK]Google Scholar
Wengenack, T. (1991) Localization of units in striate cortex of the awake macaque responding to diffuse illumination. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Rochester Medical School. [SJB]Google Scholar
Wengenack, T. & Bolanowski, S. J. (1990a) Localization of units in VI of the awake macaque responding to diffuse illuminations. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 16:1219. [SJB]Google Scholar
Wengenack, T. & Bolanowski, S. J. (1990b) Classification of neural activity in VI of the awake macaque as produced by Ganzfeld illumination. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 31:92. [SJB]Google Scholar
Wolf, Y. & Algom, D. (1987) Perceptual and memorial constructs in children's judgments of quantity: A law of across-representation invariance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 116:381–97. [DA, NHA]Google Scholar
Wood, C. C. (1973) Levels of processing in speech perception: Neurophysiological and information-processing analyses. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University. [aGRL]Google Scholar
Wood, C. C. (1974) Parallel processing of auditory and phonetic information in speech discrimination. Perception & Psychophysics 15:501–08. [NAM]Google Scholar
Wundt, W. (1874) Grundzüge der Physiologischen Psychologie. Leipzig: Engelmann. [CB]Google Scholar
Wundt, W. (1893) Grundzüge der Physiologischen Psychologie: Erster Band. Leipzig: Engelmann. [RAMG]Google Scholar
Yarbus, A. L. (1967) Eye movements and vision. Plenum Press. [aGRL]Google Scholar