No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Social relations and understanding the intentional self
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2010
Abstract
Although Barresi & Moore could have grounded their framework more explicitly in existing models, they offer a provocative testbed for the assumptions of symbolic interactionism and further thinking about self-regulation, especially in autistics.
- Type
- Open Peer Commentary
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996
References
Agar, N. (1993) What do frogs really believe? Australasian Journal of Philosophy 71:1–12. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alberch, P., Gould, S. J., Oster, G. F. & Wake, D. B. (1979) Size and shape in ontogeny and phylogeny. Paleobiology 5:296–317. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amsterdam, B. K. (1972) Mirror self-image reactions before age two. Developmental Psychology 5:297–305. [aJB, DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersen, E. S., Dunlea, A. & Kekelis, L. (1993) The impact of input: Language acquistion in the visually impaired. First Language 13:23–49. [CS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anisfeld, M. (1991) Neonatal imitation: A review. Developmental Review 11:60–97. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Astington, J. W. & Gopnik, A. (1991) Developing understanding of desire and intention. In: Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Blackwell. [aJB]Google Scholar
Astington, J. W., Harris, P. L. & Olson, D. R., eds. (1988) Developing theories of mind. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Bahrick, L. E. & Watson, J. S. (1985) Detection of intermodal proprioceptive visual contingency as a potential basis of self-perception in infancy. Developmental Psychology 21:963–73. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakeman, R. & Adamson, L. (1984) Coordinating attention to people and objects in mother-infant and peer-infant interactions. Child Development 55:1278–89. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, D. A. (1993) Early referential understanding: Infants' ability to recognize referential acts for what they are. Developmental Psychology 29:832–43. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamberg, M. (in press) A constructivist approach to narrative development. In: Narrative development—Six approaches, ed. Bamberg, M.. Erlbaum. [NB]Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S. (1989) Perceptual role taking and protodeclarative pointing in autism. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 7:113–28. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S. (1991) Precursors to a theory of mind: Understanding attention in others. In: Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Blackwell. [aJB]Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S. (1994) How to build a baby that can read minds: Cognitive mechanisms in mindreading. Current Psychology of Cognition 13(5):513–52. [SB-C, JCG]Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S. (1995) Minilblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. MIT Press. [SB-C, JCG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M. & Frith, U. (1985) Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition 21:37–46. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M. & Frith, U. (1986) Mechanical, behavioral, and intentional understanding of picture stories in autistic children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 4:113–25. [aJB, SB-C]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barresi, J. (1989) Prolegomena toward a causal theory of mind and meaning (Review of Fodor, J., Psychosemantics: The problem of meaning in the philosophy of mind). American Journal of Psychology 102:122–30. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barresi, J. (1995) You can cheat people, but not nature. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18:544–45. [rJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barresi, J. & Moore, C. (1993) Sharing a perspective precedes the understanding of that perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:513–14. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartsch, K. (1990) Everyday talk about beliefs and desires: Evidence of children's developing theory of mind. Paper presented at a meeting of the Piaget Society, Philadelphia. [DP]Google Scholar
Bartsch, K. & Wellman, H. M. (in press) Children talk about the mind. Oxford University Press. [DP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, E. (1979) Intentions, conventions, and symbols. In: The emergence of symbols, ed. Bates, E., Benigni, L., Bretherton, I., Camaioni, L. & Volterra, V.. Academic Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Bates, E. (1990) Language about me and you: Pronominal reference and the emerging concept of self. In: The self in transition: Infancy to childhood, ed. Cicchetti, D. & Beeghly, M.. University of Chicago Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Beckwith, R. T. (1991) The language of emotion, the emotions, and nominalist bootstrapping. In: Children's theories of mind: Mental states and social understanding, ed. Frye, D. & Moore, C.. Erlbaum. [rJB]Google Scholar
Ben-Ze'ev, A. (1993) The perceptual system: A philosophical and psychological perspective. Peter Lang. [ABZ]Google Scholar
Bennett, J. (1978) Some remarks about concepts. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1:557–60. [aJB, DP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bischof-Kohler, D. (1988) Uber der zusammenhang von empathie und der fahigkeit, sich im spiegel zu erkennen. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Psychologic 47:147–59. [aJB]Google Scholar
Bitterman, M. E. (1987) Evidence of divergence in vertebrate learning. Behavioral Brain Science 10:659–60. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowerman, M. (1990) When a patient is the subject: Sorting out passives, anticausatives, and middles in the acquisition of English. Paper presented at The Symposium on Voice, University of California, Santa Barbara. [NB]Google Scholar
Brazelton, T. B., Koslowski, B. & Main, M. (1974) The origins of reciprocity. In: The effect of the infant on its caregiver, ed. Lewis, M. & Rosenblum, L.. Wiley. [aJB]Google Scholar
Brentano, F. (1874/1973) Psychology from an empirical standpoint. Routledge & Kegan Paul. [aJB]Google Scholar
Bretherton, I. (1991) Intentional communication and the development of mind. In: Children's theories of mind: Mental states and social understanding, ed. Frye, D. & Moore, C.. Erlbaum. [aJB]Google Scholar
Bryson, C. Q. (1970) Systematic identification of perceptual disabilities in autistic children. Perceptual and Motor Skills 31:239–46. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryson, C. Q. (1972) Short-term memory and cross-modal information processing in autistic children. Journal of Learning Disabilities 5:25–35. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budwig, N. (1989) The linguistic marking of agentivity and control in child language. Journal of Child Language 16:263–84. [NB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Budwig, N. (1990) The linguistic marking of non-prototypical agency: An exploration into children's use of passives. Linguistics 28:1221–52. [NB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budwig, N. (1995) A developmental-functionalist approach to child language. Erlbaum. [NB]Google Scholar
Budwig, N. & Wiley, A. (in press) What language reveals about children's categories of personhood. In: Learning about self and other through conversation, eds. Sperry, L. & Smiley, P.. Jossey-Bass. [NB]Google Scholar
Butterworth, G. (1992) Origins of self-perception in infancy. Psychological Inquiry 3:103–11. [AO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butterworth, G. & Cochran, E. (1980) Towards a mechanism of joint visual attention in human infancy. International Journal of Behavioral Development 3:253–72. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butterworth, G. & Jarrett, N. (1991) What minds have in common is space: Spatial mechanisms serving joint visual attention in infancy. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 9:55–72. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A., eds. (1988) Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans. Oxford University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Campos, J. J. (1983) The importance of affective communication in social referencing: A commentary on Feinman. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 29:83–87. [aJB]Google Scholar
Case, R. (1992a). The mind's staircase: Exploring the conceptual underpinnings of children's thought and knowledge. Erlbaum. [KN]Google Scholar
Chandler, M. ]. (1988) Doubt and developing theories of mind. In: Developing theories of mind, ed. Astington, J., Harris, P. & Olson, D.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Charman, T. & Baron-Cohen, S. (1994) Another look at imitation in autism. Development and Psychopathology 6:403–13. [SB-C]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990) How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species. University of Chicago Press. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1992) Précis of How monkeys see the world. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15:135–82. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chisholm, R. (1967) Intentionality. In: The encyclopedia of philosophy, vol. 4, ed. Edwards, P.. Macmillan. [aJB]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1980) Response to Piaget. In: Language and learning: the debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky, ed. Piattelli-Palmarini, M.. Harvard University Press. [CS]Google Scholar
Churchland, P. S. & Churchland, P. M. (1978) Internal states and cognitive theories. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1:565–66. [DP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clements, W.A., & Perner, J. (1994) Implicit understanding of beliefs. Cognitive Development 9:377–95. [GC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Courchesne, E., Akshoomoff, N. A., Townsend, J., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Lincoln, A. J., James, H. E., Haas, R. H., Schreibman, L. & Lau, L. (1993) A new finding: Impairment in shifting attention in autistic and cerebellar patients. In: Atypical cognitive deficits in developmental disorders: Implications for brain functions, ed. Broman, S. H. & Grafman, J.. Erlbaum. [aJB]Google Scholar
Curcio, F. (1978) Sensorimotor functioning and communication in mute autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia 8:281–92. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Custance, D. & Bard, K. A. (1994) The comparative developmental study of self-recognition and imitation: The importance of social factors. In: Self-awareness in animals and humans, ed. Parker, S. T., Mitchell, R. W. & Boccia, M. L.. Cambridge University Press. [DJP]Google Scholar
Damasio, A. (1994) Descartes' error: Emotion, reason and the human brain. Grosset/Putnam. [rJB]Google Scholar
Davenport, R. K. & Rogers, C. M. (1970) Intermodal equivalence of stimuli in apes. Science 168:279–80. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, P., Turiel, E. & Black, A. (1983) The effect of stimulus familiarity on the use of criteria and justifications in children's social reasoning. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 1:49–65. [SD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, G. & Adams, A. (1984) Imitation and social responsiveness in autistic children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 12:209–25. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, G., Hill, D., Spencer, A., Galpert, L. & Watson, L. (1990) Affective exchanges between young autistic children and their mothers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 18:335–45. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeLancey, S. (1984) Notes on agentivity and causation. Studies in Language 8:181–213. [NB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1978) Beliefs about beliefs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1:568–70. [aJB, DP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, A. (1989) Expectancy theory in animal conditioning. In: Contemporary learning theories: Pavlovian conditioning and the status of traditional learning theory, ed. Klein, S. & Mowrer, R.. Erlbaum. [aJB]Google Scholar
Dretske, F. (1988) Explaining behavior: Reasons in a world of causes. MIT Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Dreyfus, H. L. & Hall, H., eds. (1984) Husserl, intentionality, and cognitive science. MIT Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Ettlinger, G. & Wilson, W. A. (1990) Cross-modal performance: Behavioural processes, phylogenetic considerations and neural mechanisms. Behavioural Brain Research 40:169–92. [RWM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feinman, S. (1982) Social referencing in infancy. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 28:445–70. [aJB]Google Scholar
Fischer, K. W. (1980) A theory of cognitive development: The control and construction of hierarchies of skills. Psychological Review 87:477–531. [AO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flavell, J. H., & Flavcll, E. R., Green, F. L. & Moses, L. J. (1990) Young children's understanding of fact beliefs versus value beliefs. Child Development 61:915–28. [aJB, GC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fodor, J. A. (1987) Psychosemantics: The problem of meaning in the philosophy of mind. MIT Press. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, N. H., & Lewis, C. & Doherty, M. J. (1991) Preschoolers' grasp of a desire for knowledge in false belief prediction: Practical intelligence and verbal report. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 9:139–57. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frye, D., Rawling, P., Moore, C., & Myers, I. (1983) Object-person discrimination at 3 and 10 months. Developmental Psychology 19:303–9. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frye, D., Zelazo, P. & Palfai, T. (1993) The cognitive basis of theory of mind. Unpublished manuscript. New York University. [aJB]Google Scholar
Galef, B. G. (1988) Imitation in animals: History, definition, and interpretation of data front the psychological laboratory. In: Social learning: Psychological and biological perspectives, ed. Zentail, T. & Galef, B.. Erlbaum. [aJB]Google Scholar
Galef, B. G. (1990) Tradition in animals: Field observations and laboratory analyses. In: Comparative perspectives, ed. Beckoff, M. & Jamieson, D.. Westview Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Gallup, G. G. Jr (1970) Chimpanzees: Self-recognition. Science 167:86–87. [aJB, DJP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallup, G. G. Jr (1977) Self-recognition in primates: A comparative approach to the bidirectional properties of consciousness. American Psychologist 32:329–38. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallup, G. G. Jr (1982) Self-awareness and the emergence of mind in primates. American Journal of Primatology 2:237–48. [aJB, GGG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallup, G. G. Jr (1985) Do minds exist in species other than our own? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 9:631–41. [GGG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gee, J. & Savasir, I. (1985) On the use of “will” and “gonna”: Towards a description of activity-types for child language. Discourse Processes 8:143–75. [NB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gergely, G., Csibra, G., Biro, S. & Koos, O. (1994, 06) The comprehension of intentional action in infancy. Poster presented at the 9th International Conference of Infant Studies (ICIS), Paris. [GC]Google Scholar
Gergely, G., Nádasdy, Z., Csibra, G. & Biro, S. (1995) Taking the intentional stance at 12 months of age. Cognition 56:165–93. [GC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerhardt, J. & Savasir, I. (1986) The use of the simple present in the speech of two 3-year-olds: Normativity not subjectivity. Language in Society 15:501–36. [NB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gewirtz, J. L. & Pelaez-Nogueras, M. (1992) Social referencing as a learned process. In: Social referencing and the social construction of reality in infancy, ed. Feinman, S.. Plenum. [aJB]Google Scholar
Goldman, A. I. (1989) Interpretation psychologized. Mind & Language 4:161–85. [aJB, JC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, A. I. (1992a) In defense of the simulation theory. Mind & Language 7:104–19. [aJB, JC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, A. I. (1992b) Empathy, minds, and morals. Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 66:17–41. [rJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, A. I. (1995) Simulation and interpersonal utility. Ethics 105:709–26. [rJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomez, J. C. (1991) Visual behavior as a window for reading the mind of others in primates. In: Natural theories of mind. Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Blackwell. [aJB]Google Scholar
Gomez, J. C. (1994a) Mutual awareness in primate communication: A Gricean approach. In: Self-recognition and awareness in apes, monkeys and children, ed. Parker, S. T., Boccia, M. & Mittchel, R.. Cambridge University Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Gomez, J. C. (1994b) Shared attention in ontogeny and phylogeny: SAM, TOM, Grice and the great apes. Current Psychology of Cognition 13(5):590–98. [JCG]Google Scholar
Gomez, J. C. (in press) Ostensive behavior in great apes: The role of eye contact. In: Reaching into thought, ed. Russon, A., Parker, S. T. & Bard, K.. Cambridge University Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1986) The chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of behavior. Harvard University Press. [ABZ]Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1990) Through a window: My thirties years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. Houghton Mifflin. [aJB]Google Scholar
Gopnik, A. (1993) How we know our minds: The illusion of first-person knowledge of intentionality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:1–14. [arJB, JC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopnik, A. & Astington, J. W. (1988) Children's understanding of representational change and its relation to the understanding of false belief and the appearance-reality distinction. Child Development 59:26–37. [arJB, RWM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopnik, A. & Slaughter, V. (1991) Young children's understanding of changes in their mental states. Child Development 62:98–110. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopnik, A., Slaughter, V. & Meltzoff, A. (1995) Changing your views: How understanding visual perception can lead to a new theory of the mind. In: Origins of a theory of mind, ed. Lewis, C. & Mitchell, P.. Erlbaum. [AM]Google Scholar
Gordon, (1995b) Radical simulation. In: Theories of theories of mind, ed. Carruthers, P. & Smith, P.. Cambridge University Press. [RMG]Google Scholar
Gordon, R. M. (1986) Folk psychology as simulation. Mind and Language 1:156–71. [Reprinted (1995) Folk psychology: The theory of mind debate, ed. M. Davies & T. Stone. Blackwell.] [aJB, RMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, R. M. (1992) The simulation theory: Objections and misconceptions. Mind & Language 7:5–27. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, R. M. (1995) Sympathy, simulation, and the impartial spectator. Ethics 105 (07). Reprinted in: Mind and morals: Essays on ethics and cognitive science. MIT Press. [RMG, rJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. & Smith, J. H. (1976) The structure of communication in early language development. Academic Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Gyori-Stefanik, K. (1995, 02) Mirror self-recognition and developmental deficits in autistic children. Paper presented at the University of Southampton, Southampton, England. [AO]Google Scholar
Harman, G. (1978) Studying the chimpanzee's theory of mind. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1:576–77. [DP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, P. L. (1991) The work of the imagination. In: Natural theories of mind: The evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Blackwell. [aJB, JC]Google Scholar
Hart, D. & Karmel, M. P. (in press) Self-awareness and self-knowledge in humans, apes, and monkeys. To appear in: Reaching into thought, ed. Russon, A., Bard, K. & Parker, S.. Cambridge University Press. [AO]Google Scholar
Hayes, K. J. & Hayes, C. 91952) Imitation in a home-raised chimpanzee. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 45:450–59. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heyes, C. (1993) Anecdotes, training, trapping, and triangulating: Do animals attribute mental states? Animal Behavior 46:177–88. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heyes, C. (1994) Reflections on self-recognition in primates. Animal Behavior 47:909–191. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heyes, C. & Dickinson, A. (1990) The intentionality of animal action. Mind & Language 5:87–104. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, E.T. (1989) Continuities and discontinuities in self-regulatory and self evaluative processes: A developmental theory relating self and affect. Journal of Personality 57:407–44. [AO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobson, R. F. (1989) Beyond cognition: A theory of autism. In: Autism. Nature, diagnosis, and treatment, ed. Dawson, G.. Guilford. [aJB]Google Scholar
Hobson, R. F. (1990a) On acquiring knowledge about people and the capacity to pretend: Response to Leslie. Psychological Review 97:114–21. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobson, R. F. (1990b) On the origins of self and the case of autism. Development and Psychopathology 2:163–81. [AO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobson, R. F. (1991) Against the theory of ‘theory of mind’. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 9:33–51. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobson, R. F. (1993a) Understanding persons: The role of affect. In: Understanding other minds: Perspectives from autism, ed. Baron-Cohen, S., Tager-Flusberg, H. & Cohen, D.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Hobson, R. F. (1993c) Through feeling and sight to self and symbol. In: The perceived self: Ecological and interpersonal sources of self-knowledge, ed. Neisser, U.. Cambridge University Press. [rJB]Google Scholar
Hobson, R. P., Lee, A. & Chiat, S. (1991) Autism and “the self”: An experimental study of personal pronoun comprehension and use. Paper presented to the Society for Research in Child Development, Seattle. [aJB]Google Scholar
Hobson, R. P., Ouston, J. & Lee, A. (1989) Naming emotion in faces and voices: Abilities and disabilities in autism and mental retardation. British Journal of Developmental Psychobgy 7:237–50. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, M. L. (1977) Empathy, its development and prosocial implications. In: Nebraska symposium on motivation, vol. 25: Social cognitive development, ed. Keasey, C. B.. University of Nebraska Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Huttenlocher, J., Smiley, P. & Charney, R. (1983) Emergence of action categories in the child: Evidence from verb meaning. Psychological Review 90:72–93. [NB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaedicke, S., Storoschuk, S. & Lord, C. (1994) Subjective experience and causes of affect in high-functioning children and adolescents with autism. Development and Psychopathology 6:273–84. [AO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, C. N. (1988) Theory of mind and the structure of conscious experience. In: Developing theories of mind, ed. Astington, J., Harris, P., & Olson, D.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Johnson, D. B. (1982) Altruistic behavior and the development of the self in infants. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 28:379–88. [aJB]Google Scholar
Jones, E. E. & Nisbett, R. E. (1972) The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. In Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior, ed. Jones, E. E., Kanouse, D. E., Kelly, H. H., Nisbett, R. E., Valins, S. & Weiner, B.. General Learning Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Kanner, L. (1943) Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child 2:217–50. [aJB]Google Scholar
Kasari, C., Sigman, M., Mundy, P. & Yirimiya, N. (1990) Affective sharing in the context of joint attention interactions of normal, autistic, and mentally retarded children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 20:87–100. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kazak, S. (1992) Understanding knowledge as a mental state in normal and autistic children. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Warwick. [aJB]Google Scholar
Keasey, C. B. (1977) Children's developing awareness and usage of intentionality and motive. In: Nebraska symposium on motivation, vol. 25, ed. Keasey, C. B.. University of Nebraska Press. [SD]Google ScholarPubMed
Krebs, J. R. & Dawkins, R. (1984) Animal signals: Mind-reading and manipulation. In: Behavioural ecology: An evolutionary approach, 2d ed., ed. Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B.. Blackwell. [JCG]Google Scholar
Landry, S. H. & Loveland, K. A. (1989) The effect of social context on the functional communication skills of autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 19:283–99. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, A., Hobson, R. P. & Chiat, S. (1994) I, you, me, and autism: An experimental study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 24:155–76. [AO, rJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leslie, A. M. (1987) Pretense and representation: The origins of “theory of mind.” Psychological Review 94:412–26. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leslie, A. M. (1988) Some implications of pretense for mechanisms underlying the child's theory of mind. In: Developing theories of mind, ed. Astington, J., Harris, P., & Olson, D.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Leslie, A. M. & Frith, U. (1990) Prospects for a cognitive neuropsychology of autism: Hobson's choice. Psychological Review 97:122–31. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leslie, A. M. & Happé, F. (1989) Autism and ostensive communication: The relevance of metarepresentation. Development and Psychopathology 1:205–12. [JCG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, M. & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1979) Social cognition and the acquisition of self. Plenum. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, M., Sullivan, M. W., Stanger, C. & Weiss, M. (1989). SelMevelopment and self-conscious emotions. Child Development 60:146–56. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loveland, K. & Landry, S. (1986). Joint attention and language in autism and developmental language delay. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 16:335–49. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackintosh, N. J. (1987) From null hypothesis to null dogma. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10:689–90. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macphail, E. M. (1987) The comparative psychology of intelligence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10:649–56. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, R. & Barresi, J. (1995) Hazlitt on the future of the self. Journal of the History of Ideas 56:463–81. [rJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAlpine, L. & Moore, C. (in press) Developing social understanding in children with a visual impairment. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness. [rJB]Google Scholar
McGurk, H. & McDonald, J. (1976) Hearing lips and seeing voices: A new illusion. Nature 264:746–48. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. (1988) Infant imitation and memory: Nine-month-olds in immediate and deferred tests. Child Development 59:217–25. [GC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N. (1990) Foundations for developing a concept of self: The role of imitation in relating self to other and the value of social mirroring, social modeling, and self practice in infancy. In: The self in transition: Infancy to childhood, ed. Cicchetti, D. & Beeghly, M.. University of Chicago Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. & Borton, R. W. (1979) Intermodal matching by human neonates. Nature 282:403–4. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N. & Gopnik, A. (1993) The role of imitation in understanding persons and developing a theory of mind. In: Understanding other minds: Perspectives from autism, ed. Baron-Cohen, S., Tager-Flusberg, H. & Cohen, D.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. & Moore, M. K. (1977) Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. Science 198:75–78. [aJB, DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N. (1983) Newborn infants imitate adult facial gestures. Child Development 54:702–9. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N. (1989) Imitation in newborn infants: Exploring the range of gestures imitated and the underlying mechanisms. Developmental Psychology 25:954–62. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1964) The primacy of perception. Northwestern University Press. [aJB[Google Scholar
Miles, H. L. (1986) How can 1 tell a lie? Apes, language and the problem of deception. In: Deception: Perspectives on human and rumhuman deceit, ed. Mitchell, R. & Thompson, N.. State University of New York Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Miles, H. L. (1990) The cognitive foundations for reference in a signing orangutan. In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. & Gibson, K.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB[Google Scholar
Mitchell, P. & Lacohee, H. (1991) Children's early understanding of false belief. Cognition 39:107–28. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, R. W. (1993) Mental models of mirror self-recognition: Two theories. New Ideas in Psychology 11:295–325. [aJB, RWM, AO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R. W. (1994) The evolution of primate cognition: Simulation, self-knowledge, and knowledge of other minds. In: Hominid culture in primate perspective, ed. Quiatt, D. & Itani, J.. University Press of Colorado. [aJB, RWM)Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. W. & Neal, M. L. (1995) Children understand their own pretense before they understand another's. Poster presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Indianapolis. [RWM]Google Scholar
Moore, B. (1992) Avian movement imitation and a new form of mimicry: Tracing the evolution of complex learning. Behaviour 122:231–63. [arJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, C. (1993) The role of convention in the communication of private events. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:656–57. [rJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, C. & Barresi, J. (1993) Knowledge of the psychological states of self and others is not only theory-laden but also data-driven. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:61–62. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, C. & Corkum, V. (1994) Social understanding at the end of the first year of life. Developmental Review 14:349–72. [arJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, C., Pure, K. & Furrow, D. (1990) Children's understanding of the modal expression of speaker certainty and uncertainty and its relation to the development of a representational theory of mind. Child Development 61:722–30. [arJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, G., Krupka, A., Tutton, A. & Symons, D. (1987) Patterns of maternal and infant imitation during play. Infant Behavior and Development 10:477–91. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mundy, P. & Sigman, M. (1989) Specifying the nature of the social impairment in autism. In: Autism: Nature, diagnosis, and treatment, ed. Dawson, G.. Guilford. [aJB]Google Scholar
Mundy, P., Sigman, M. & Kasari, C. (1990) A longitudinal study of joint attention and language development in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 20:115–28. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagel, T. (1974) What is it like to be a bat? Philosophical Review 83:435–50. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagell, K., Olguin, R. S. & Tomasello, M. (1993) Processes of social learning in the tool use of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and human children (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology 107:174–86. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, K. (1989) Monologue as the linguistic construction of self in time. In: Narratives from the crib, ed. Nelson, K.. Harvard University Press. [NB]Google Scholar
Neuman, C. J. & Hill, S. D. (1978) Self-recognition and stimulus preference in autistic children. Developmental Psychobiology 11:571–78. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oatley, K. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1995) The communicative theory of emotions: Empirical tests, mental models, and implications for social interaction. In: Coals and affect, ed. Martin, L. L. & Tesser, A.. Erlbaum. [ABZ]Google Scholar
Ohta, M. (1987) Cognitive disorders of infantile autism: A study employing the WISC, spatial relationship conceptualization, and gesture imitation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 17:45–62. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. R. (1993) The development of representations: The origins of mental life. Canadian Psychology 34:293–306. [aJB, DRO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oosterwegel, A. (1995) Private goals and social influences: The complexity of studying self-system development. In: The self in European and North American culture: Development and processes, ed. Oosterwegel, A. & Wicklund, R.A.. Kluwer. [AO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oosterwegel, A. & Oppenheimer, L. (1993) The self-system: Developmental changes between and within self-concepts. Eribaum. [AO]Google Scholar
Parker, S. T., Mitchell, R. W. & Boccia, M. L., eds. (1994) Self-awareness in animals and humans. Cambridge University Press. [RWM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pérez-Pereira, M. & Castro, J. (1992) Pragmatic functions of blind and sighted children's language: A twin case study. First Language 12:17–37. [CS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perner, J. (1988) Developing semantics for theories of mind: From propositional attitudes to mental representation. In: Developing theories of mind, ed. Astington, J., Harris, P. & Olson, D.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Perner, J., Leekam, S. R. & Wimmer, H. (1987) Three-year-olds' difficulty with false belief: The case for a conceptual deficit. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 5:125–37. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piaget, J. (1953) The origin of intelligence in the child Routledge & Kegan Paul. [aJB]Google Scholar
Potì, P. & Spinozzi, G. (1994) Early sensorimotor development in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 108:93–103. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Povinelli, D. J. (1993) Reconstructing the evolution of mind. American Psychologist 48:493–509. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Povinelli, D. J. (in press) Chimpanzee theory of mind? The long road to strong inference. In: Theories of theories of mind, ed. Carruthers, P. & Smith, P.. Cambridge University Press. [DJP]Google Scholar
Povinelli, D. J. & Davis, D. R. (1994) Differences between chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans (Homo sapiens) in the resting state of the index finger: Implications for pointing. Journal of Comparative Psychology 108:134–39. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Povinelli, D. J. & Eddy, T. J. (in press a). Chimpanzees: Joint visual attention. Psychological Science. [DJP]Google Scholar
Povinelli, D. J. (in press b). What young chimpanzees know about seeing. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. [DJP, rJB]Google Scholar
Povinelli, D. J., Nelson, K. E. & Boysen, S. T. (1990) Inferences about guessing and knowing by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 104:203–210. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Povinelli, D. J., Nelson, K. E. & Boysen, S. T. (1992) Comprehension of role reversal in chimpanzees: Evidence of empathy? Animal Behavior 43:633–40. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Povinelli, D. J., Parks, K. A. & Novak, M. A. (1991) Do rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) attribute knowledge and ignorance to others? Journal of Comparative Psychology 105:318–25. [GGG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Povinelli, D. J., Parks, K. A. & Novak, M. A. (1992) Role reversal by rhesus monkeys, but no evidence of empathy. Animal Behavior 44:269–81. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Povinelli, D. J., Rulf, A. R.. Landau, K. & Bierschwale, D. T. (1993) Self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Distribution, ontogeny, and patterns of emergence. Journal of Comparatbx Psychology 107:347–72. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Premack, D. (1988a) ‘Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind’ revisited. In: Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans, ed. Byrne, R. & Whiten, A.. Oxford University Press. [aJB, GGG]Google Scholar
Premack, D. (1988b) “Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?” revisited. In: Machiavellian intelligence, ed. Byrne, R. & Whiten, A.. Clarendon. [DP]Google Scholar
Premack, D. (1990) The infants theory of self-propelled objects. Cognition 36:1–16. [DP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Premack, D. & Dasser, V. (1991) Perceptual origins and conceptual evidence for theory of mind in apes and children. In: Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Blackwell. [aJB]Google Scholar
Premack, D. & Premack, A. J. (1995a) Origins of social competence. In: Cognitive neurosdence, ed. Gazzaniga, M.. MIT Press. [DP]Google Scholar
Premack, D. (1995b) Intention as psychological cause. In: Causal cognition, ed. Sperber, D., Premack, D. & Premack, A. J.. Clarendon. [DP]Google Scholar
Premack, D. (in press) Infants attribute value to the goal-directed action of self-propelled objects. Cognition. [DP]Google Scholar
Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1978) Do chimpanzees have a theory of mind? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1:516–26. [aJB, DP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, V. (1991) Playing with others’ expectations: Teasing and mucking about in the first year. In: Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Blackwell. [aJB]Google Scholar
Rogers, S. J. & Pennington, B. F. (1991) A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism. Development and Psychopathology 3:137–62. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, J. (1994) “At two with nature”: Agency and the development of self-world dualism. In: The body and the self, eds. Bermudez, J., Marcel, A. & Eilan, N.. MIT Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Russon, A. E. & Galdikas, B. M. F. (1993) Imitation in free-ranging rehabilitant orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Comparative Psychology 107:147–61. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Sevick, R. A. & Hopkins, W. D. (1988) Symbolic cross modal transfer in two species of chimpanzees. Child Development 59:617–25. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scaife, M. & Bruner, J. (1975) The capacity for joint visual attention in the infant. Nature 253:265–66. [aJB, DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shapiro, L. A. (1992) Darwin and disjunction: Foraging theory and univocal assignments of content. Philosophy of Science Association 1:469–80. [aJB]Google Scholar
Shatz, M., Wellman, H. M. & Silber, S. (1983) The acquisition of mental verbs: A systematic investigation of first reference to mental states. Cognition 14:301–21. [DP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Short, A. B. & Schopler, E. (1988) Factors relating to age of onset in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 18:207–16. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shweder, R., Mahapatra, M. & Miller, J. (1987) Culture and moral development. In: The emergence of morality in young children, ed. Kagan, J. & Lamb, S.. University of Chicago Press. [SD]Google Scholar
Siegal, M. & Beattie, K. (1991) Where to look first for children's knowledge of false beliefs. Cognition 38:1–12. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sigman, M. & Ungerer, J. (1984) Cognitive and language skills in autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children. Developmental Psychology 20:293–302. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigman, M., Mundy, P., Ungerer, J. & Sherman, T. (1986) Social interactions of autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children and their caregivers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 27:647–56. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slobin, D. (1985) Crosslinguistic evidence for the language-making capacity. In: The crosslinguistic study of language acquisition, vol. 2, ed. Slobin, D.. Eribaum. [NB]Google Scholar
Smith, I. M. & Bryson, S. E. (1994) Imitation and action in autism. Psychological Bulletin 116:259–73. [arJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sorce, J. F., Emde, R. N., Campos, J. & Klinnert, M. D. (1985) Maternal emotional signalling: Its effect on the visual cliff behavior of one-year-olds. Developmental Psychology 21:195–200. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spelke, E. S. (1979) Perceiving bimodally specified events in infancy. Developmental Psychology 15:626–36. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiker, D. & Ricks, M. (1984) Visual self-recognition in autistic children: Developmental relationships. Child Development 55:214–25. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strawson, P. F. (1959) Individuals: An essay in descriptive metaphysics. Methuen. [aJB, RMC, AM]Google Scholar
Thompson, C., Barresi, J. & Moore, C. (in preparation) The development of prudence and altruism. [rJB]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M., Kruger, A. C. & Ratner, H. H. (1993a) Cultural learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:495–511. [arJB, KN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M., Savage-Rumbaugh, S. & Kruger, A. C. (1993b) Imitative learning of actions on objects by children, chimpanzees, and enculturated chimpanzees. Child Development 64:1688–1705. [arJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trevarthen, C. (1979) Communication and cooperation in early infancy: A description of primary intersubjectivity. In: Before speech: The beginnings of interpersonal communication, ed. Bullowa, M.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Trevarthen, C. & Hubley, P. (1978) Secondary intersubjectivity: Confidence, confiding, and acts of meaning in the first year. In: Action, gesture, and symbol: The emergence of language, ed. Lock, A.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Turiel, E. (1983) The development of social knowledge. Cambridge University Press. [SD]Google Scholar
Walker, A. S. (1982) Intermodal perception of expressive behaviors by human infants. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 33:514–35. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, J. S. (1972) Smiling, cooing, and “the game.” Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 18:323–39. [aJB]Google Scholar
Wellman, H. M. (1988) First steps in the child's theorizing about the mind. In: Developing theories of mind, ed. Astington, J., Harris, P. & Olson, D.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Wellman, H. M. & Bartsch, K. (1988) Young children's reasoning about beliefs. Cognition 30:239–77. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wellman, H. M. & Woolley, J. D. (1990) From simple desires to ordinary beliefs: The early development of everyday psychology. Cognition 35:245–75. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A., ed. (1991a) Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mindreading. Blackwell. [aJB]Google Scholar
Whiten, A. (1991b) The emergence of mindreading: Steps towards an interdisciplinary enterprise. In: Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Blackwell. [aJB]Google Scholar
Whiten, A. (1993) Evolving theories of mind: The nature of non-verbal mentalism in other primates. In: Understanding other minds: Perspectives from autism, ed. Baron-Cohen, S., Tager-Flusberg, H. & Cohen, D.. Cambridge University Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1988) Tactical deception in primates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11:233–44. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whiten, A. & Ham, R. (1992) On the nature and evolution of imitation in the animal kingdom: Reappraisal of a century of research. In: Advances in the study of behavior, vol. 21, ed. Slater, P., Rosenblatt, J., Beer, C. & Milinski, M.. Academic Press. [aJB]Google Scholar
Wimmer, H. & Hartl, M. (1991) Against the Cartesian view on mind: Young children's difficulty with own false beliefs. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 9:125–38. [rJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wimmer, H. & Perner, J. (1983) Beliefs about beliefs: Representations and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition 13:103–28. [aJB, RWM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wimmer, H. & Weichbolt, V. (1994) Children's theory of mind: Fodor's heuristics examined. Cognition 53:45–57. [DRO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wing, L., Gould, J., Yeates, S. & Brierley, L. (1977) Symbolic play in severely mentally retarded and in autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 18:167–78. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wintre, M. G. & Vallance, D. D. (1994) A developmental sequence in the comprehension of emotions: Intensity, multiple emotions, and valence. Developmental Psychology 30:509–14. [ABZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodruff, G. & Premack, D. (1979) Intentional communication in the chimpanzee: The development of deception. Cognition 7:333–62. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yirmiya, N., Kasari, C., Sigman, M. & Mundy, P. (1989) Facial expressions of affect in autistic, mentally retarded and normal children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 30:725–35. [aJB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed