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“Mindscoping” pain and suffering
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 August 2003
Abstract
No adequate evidence exists for the evolution of facial pain expression and detection mechanisms, as opposed to social-learning processes. Although brain affective/emotional processes, and resulting whole body action patterns, have surely evolved, we should also aspire to monitor human suffering by direct neural measures rather than by more indirect indices.
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- © 2002 Cambridge University Press
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