Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T03:55:23.256Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Life history and language: Selection in development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2006

John L. Locke  and
Barry Bogin
John L. Locke*
Affiliation:
Department of SpeechLanguageHearing Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY10468
Barry Bogin*
Affiliation:
Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of MichiganDearborn, Dearborn, MI48128http://casl.umd.umich.edu/faculty/bbogin/
*
[email protected]
[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Language, like other human traits, could only have evolved during one or more stages of development. We enlist the theoretical framework of human life history to account for certain aspects of linguistic evolution, with special reference to initial phases in the process. It is hypothesized that selection operated at several developmental stages, the earlier ones producing new behaviors that were reinforced by additional, and possibly more powerful, forms of selection during later stages, especially adolescence and early adulthood. Peer commentaries have provided opportunities to explain human life history more comprehensively, and to add details to our account of spoken language. We made no attempt to explain syntax in the target article, but we propose here that selection for vocal plumage may have increased our species capacity for utterance complexity, a development that would have benefited all levels of language.

Type
Authors Response
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , June 2006 , pp. 301 - 325
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abitol, J., Abitol, P. & Abitol, B. (1999) Sex hormones and the female voice. Journal of Voice 13:424–46. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1962) “Playing the dozens.” Journal of American Folklore 73:209–20. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1968) Introductory remarks to a rhetorical theory of folklore. Journal of American Folklore 81:143–58. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1970a) Deep down in the jungle: Negro narrative folklore from the streets of Philadelphia. Aldine. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1970b) Rapping and capping: Black talk as art. In: Black Americans, ed. Szwed, J. F.. Voice of America. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1970c) Traditions of eloquence in Afro-American communities. Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs 12:505–27. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1973) The training of the man of words in talking sweet. Language in Society 2:15–29. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1989) Black talking on the streets. In: Explorations in the ethnography of speaking, ed. Bauman, R. & Sherzer, J., pp. 240–62. Cambridge University Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Abramovitch, R. (1976) The relation of attention and proximity to rank in preschool children. In: The social structure of attention, ed. Chance, M. R. A. & Larsen, R. R., pp. 153–76. Wiley. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Adams, C. (2002) Practitioner review: The assessment of language pragmatics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43:973–87. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Addington, D. W. (1968) The relationship of selected vocal characteristics to personality perception. Speech Monographs 35:492–503. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Altmann, J. (1980) Baboon mothers and infants. Harvard University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Altmann, J. (1986) Adolescent pregnancies in non-human primates: An ecological and developmental perspective. In: School-age pregnancy and parenthood: Biosocial dimensions, ed. Lancaster, J. B. & Hamburg, B. A., pp. 247–62. Aldine de Gruyter. [GEW]Google Scholar
Anderson, E. (1990) Streetwise: Race, class, and change in an urban community. University of Chicago Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Andersson, M. (1994) Sexual selection. Princeton University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Andrews, P. W., Gangestad, S. W. & Matthews, D. (2003) Adaptationism – How to carry out an exaptationist program. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25(4):489–553. [TED]Google Scholar
Anolli, L. & Ciceri, R. (2002) Analysis of the vocal profiles of male seduction: From exhibition to self-disclosure. Journal of General Psychology 129:149–69. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Antón, S. C. (1997) Developmental age and taxonomic affinity of the Mojokerto child, Java, Indonesia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 102(4):497–514. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Antón, S. C. (2003) Natural history of Homo erectus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Supplement 37:126–70. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Antón, S. C. & Leigh, S. R. (2003) Growth and life history in Homo erectus. In: Patterns of growth and development in the Genus Homo, ed. Thompson, J. L., Krovitz, G. E. & Nelson, A. J., pp. 219–45. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2005a) From monkey-like action recognition to human language: An evolutionary framework for neurolinguistics. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28(2):105–124. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2005b) Interweaving protosign and protospeech: Further developments beyond the mirror. Interaction Studies 6:145–71. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Armstrong, D., Stokoe, W. & Wilcox, S. (1995) Gesture and the nature of language. Cambridge University Press. [SJ]Google Scholar
Asher, J. & Garcia, R. (1969) The optimal age to learn a foreign language. Modern Language Journal 38:334–41. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Asher, S. R. & Renshaw, P. D. (1981) Children without friends: Social knowledge and social-skill training. In: The development of children's friendships, ed. Asher, S. R. & Gottman, J. M.. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Austad, S. N. (1994) Menopause: An evolutionary perspective. Experimental Gerontology 29: 255–63. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Austin, A. M. B., Salehi, M. & Leffler, A. (1987) Gender and developmental differences in children's conversations. Sex Roles 16:497–510. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Austin, J. L. (1975) How to do things with words: The William James Lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1955. Clarendon Press. [CK, arJLL]Google Scholar
Austin, M. D. & Leeper, H. A. (1975) Basal pitch and frequency level variation in male and female children: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Communication Disorders 8:309–16. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Ayoub, M. R. & Barnett, S. A. (1965) Ritualized verbal insult in white high school culture. Journal of American Folklore 78:337–44. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Badyaev, A. V. & Hill, G. E. (2003) Avian sexual dichromatism in relation to phylogeny and ecology. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:27–49. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Badyaev, A. V., Hill, G. E. & Weckworth, B. V. (2002) Species divergence in sexually selected traits: Increase in song elaboration is related to decrease in plumage ornamentation in finches. Evolution 56:412–19. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Baldwin, J. M. (1896) A new factor in evolution. American Naturalist 30:441–51, 536–53. [DFB]Google Scholar
Bales, R. F., Strodtbeck, F. L., Mills, T. M. & Roseborough, M. E. (1951) Channels of communication in small groups. American Sociological Review 16:461–68. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bamberg, M. (1987) The acquisition of narratives. Mouton de Gruyter. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S., Lutchmaya, S. & Knickmeyer, R. (2004) Prenatal testosterone in mind: Amniotic fluid studies. MIT Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S., Tager-Flusberg, H. & Cohen, D. J., eds. (1993) Understanding other minds: Perspectives from autism. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bates, E. & Goodman, J. C. (1997) On the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon: Evidence from acquisition, aphasia and real-time processing. Language and Cognitive Processes 12:507–84. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bateson, P. (1988) The active role of behaviour in evolution. In: Evolutionary processes and metaphors, ed. Ho, M.-W. & Fox, S. W.. Wiley. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bauman, R. (1975) Verbal art as performance. American Anthropologist 77:290–311. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Beckford, N. S., Rood, S. R. & Schaid, D. (1985) Androgen stimulation and laryngeal development. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology 94:634–40. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Beitchman, J. H., Brownlie, E. B., Inglis, A., Wild, J., Mathews, R., Schachter, D., Kroll, R., Martin, S., Ferguson, B. & Lancee, W. (1994) Seven-year follow-up of speech/language-impaired and control children: Speech/language stability and outcome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 33:1322–30. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Belle, D. (1989) Gender differences in children's social networks and supports. In: Children's social networks and social supports, ed. Belle, D., pp. 173–88. Wiley. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Benenson, J. F., Apostoleris, N. H. & Parnass, J. (1997) Age and sex differences in dyadic and group interaction. Developmental Psychology 33:538–43. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Benenson, J. F., Nicholson, C., Waite, A., Roy, R. & Simpson, A. (2001) The influence of group size on children's competitive behavior. Child Development 72:921–28. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Bergman, M. M. (1987) Social grace or disgrace: Adolescent social skills and learning disability subtypes. Reading, Writing, and Learning Disabilities 3:161–66. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Berko Gleason, J. (1980) The acquisition of social speech: Routines and politeness formulas. In: Language: Social psychological perspectives, ed. Giles, H., Robinson, W. P. & Smith, P. M., pp. 159–67. Academic Press. [KK]Google Scholar
Berko Gleason, J. (2001) The development of language. Allyn and Bacon. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bermudez de Castro, J. M., Rosas, A., Carbonell, E., Nicolas, M. E., Rodroguez, J. & Arsuaga, J. L. (1999) A modern human pattern of dental development in Lower Pleistocene hominins from Atapuerca-TD6 (Spain). Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 96:4210–13. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1981) Roots of language. Karoma. [DKO]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1984) The language bioprogram hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7(2):173–88. [aJLL, DMWP]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and species. University of Chicago Press. [DFB, aJLL, DMWP]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1995) Language and human behaviour. UCL Press. [aJLL, DMWP]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1997) The role of immaturity in human development. Psychological Bulletin 122:153–69. [DFB]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2000) Can biomusicology learn from language evolution studies? In: The origins of music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B. & Brown, S.. MIT Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2002) Foraging versus social intelligence in the evolution of protolanguage. In: The transition to language, ed. Wray, A., pp. 207–25. Oxford University Press. [SJ]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2003) Symbol and structure: A comprehensive framework. In: Language evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. H. & Kirby, S., pp. 77–93. Oxford University Press. [SJ]Google Scholar
Biesele, M. (1997) An ideal of unassisted birth: Hunting, healing, and transformation among the Kalahari Ju/’hoansi. In: Childbirth and authoritative knowledge: Cross-cultural perspectives, ed. Davis-Floyd, R. E. & Sargent, C. F., pp. 474–92. University of California Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Binnie, C., Daniloff, R. & Buckingham, H. (1982) Phonetic disintegration in a five-year-old following sudden hearing loss. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 47:181–89. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bischoping, K. (1993) Gender differences in conversation topics, 1922–1990. Sex Roles 28:1–18. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bishop, D. (1989) Autism, Asperger's syndrome and semantic-pragmatic disorder: Where are the boundaries? British Journal of Disorders of Communication 24:107–21. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bishop, D. V. M. (2001) Motor immaturity and specific speech and language impairment: Evidence for a common genetic basis. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 114:56–63. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bishop, D. V. M., North, T. & Donlan, C. (1995) Genetic basis for specific language impairment: Evidence from a twin study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 37:56–71. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bishop, D. V. P. (2002) Motor immaturity and specific speech and language impairment: Evidence for a common genetic basis. American Journal of Medical Genetics 114:56–63. [LW]Google Scholar
Bjorklund, D. F. (1997) The role of immaturity in human development. Psychological Bulletin 122:153–69. [DFB, aJLL]Google Scholar
Bjorklund, D. F. (2006) Mother knows best: Epigenetic inheritance, maternal effects, and the evolution of human intelligence. Developmental Review 26(2):213–42. [DFB]Google Scholar
Bjorklund, D. F. & Pellegrini, A. D. (2002) The origins of human nature: Evolutionary developmental psychology. American Psychological Association. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Björkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K. M. J. & Kaukiainen, A. (1992a) Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends regarding direct and indirect aggression. Aggressive Behavior 18:117–27. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Björkqvist, K., Österman, K. & Kaukiainen, A. (1992b) The development of direct and indirect aggressive strategies in males and females. In: Of mice and women: Aspects of female aggression, ed. Björkqvist, K. & Niemela, P.¨ . Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Björkqvist, K., Österman, K. & Lagerspetz, K. M. J. (1994) Sex differences in covert aggression among adults. Aggressive Behaviour 20:27–33. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Blacking, J. (1961) The social value of Venda riddling. African Studies 20:1–32. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Blank, D., Kumar, D., Meeden, L. & Marshal, J. (2005) Bringing up robot: Fundamental mechanisms for creating a self-motivated, self-organizing architecture. Cybernetics and Systems 36:125–50. [LJG]Google Scholar
Blood, G. W. & Blood, I. M. (2004) Bullying in adolescents who stutter: Communicative competence and self-esteem. Contemporary Issues in Communicative Sciences and Disorders 31:68–78. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bloom, K., D’Odorico, L. & Beaumont, S. (1993) Adult preferences for syllabic vocalizations: Generalizations to parity and native language. Infant Behavior and Development 16:109–20. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Blount, B. G. (1985) “Girney” vocalizations among Japanese Macaque females: Context and function. Primates 26:424–35. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Blurton Jones, N. (1972) Comparative aspects of mother-child contact. In: Ethological studies in child behaviour, ed. Blurton Jones, N.. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Blurton Jones, N. G. (1993) The lives of hunter-gather children: Effects of parental behavior and parental reproduction strategy. In: Juvenile primates, ed. Pereira, M. E. & Fairbanks, L. A., pp. 309–26. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Blurton Jones, N. G., Smith, L. C., O’Connel, J. F. & Handler, J. S. (1992) Demography of the Hadza, an increasing and high density population of savanna foragers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 89:159–81. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Boberg, J. M. & Boberg, E. (1990) The other side of the block: The stutterer's spouse. Journal of Fluency Disorders 15:61–75. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bodamer, M. D. & Gardner, R. A. (2002) How cross-fostered chimpanzees initiate and maintain conversations. Journal of Comparative Psychology 116:12–26. [RAG]Google Scholar
Bogin, B. (1988) Patterns of human growth. Cambridge University Press. [arJLL, RBE]Google Scholar
Bogin, B. (1990) The evolution of human childhood. BioScience 40:16–25. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bogin, B. (1997) Evolutionary hypotheses for human childhood. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 40:63–89. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Bogin, B. (1999a) Evolutionary perspective on human growth. Annual Review of Anthropology 28:109–53. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Bogin, B. (1999b) Patterns of human growth, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press. [arJLL, RBE]Google Scholar
Bogin, B. (2001) The growth of humanity. Wiley-Liss. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Bogin, B. (2003) The human pattern of growth and development in paleontological perspective. In: Patterns of growth and development in the Genus Homo, ed. Thompson, J. L., Krovitz, G. E. & Nelson, A. J., pp. 15–44. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bogin, B. & Smith, B. H. (1996) Evolution of the human life cycle. American Journal of Human Biology 8:703–16. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Borchert, C. M. & Zihlman, A. L. (1990) The ontogeny and phylogeny of symbolizing. In: The life of symbols, ed. Foster, M. L. & Botscharow, L. J., pp. 15–44. Westview. [BJK]Google Scholar
Botha, R. P. (2003) Unravelling the evolution of language. Elsevier. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bott, E. (1971) Family and social network: Roles, norms, and external relationship in ordinary urban families. Tavistock Publications. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Botting, N. & Conti-Ramsden, G. (2000) Social and behavioural difficulties in children with language impairment. Child Language Teaching and Therapy 16:105–20. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Bottoni, L., Massa, R. & Lenti Boero, D. (2003) The Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) as musician: An experiment with the temperate scale. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 15(2):133–41. [DLB]Google Scholar
Bottoni, L., Masin, S., Lenti Boero, D. & Pioli, P. (2004) Teaching the musical code to a Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus): Theoretical and experiential insights. In: Abstracts of the International Symposium PME04, Padua, Italy. Psychology and Music Education: In Memoriam of Giuseppe Porzionato, ed. Biasutti, M., p. 79. CLEUP, The University Press of Padoa University. [DLB]Google Scholar
Brenneis, D. & Padarath, R. (1975) “About those scoundrels I’ll let everyone know”: Challenge singing in a Fiji Indian community. Journal of American Folklore 88:283–91. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Brighton, H., Kirby, S. & Smith, K. (2005a) Cultural selection for learnability: Three principles underlying the view that language adapts to be learnable. In: Language origins: Perspectives on evolution, ed. Tallerman, M., pp. 291–309. Oxford University Press. [HB]Google Scholar
Brighton, H., Smith, K. & Kirby, S. (2005b) Language as an evolutionary system. Physics of Life Reviews 2:177–226. [HB]Google Scholar
Briscoe, E. J., ed. (2002) Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: Formal and computational models. Cambridge University Press. [HB]Google Scholar
Brockway, R. (2003) Evolving to be mentalists: The “mind-reading mums” hypothesis. In: From mating to mentality: Evaluating evolutionary psychology, ed. Sterelny, K. & Fitness, J.. Psychology Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Brody, S. (1945) Bioenergetics and growth. Reinhold. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Brooks, P. J. (2004) Grammatical competence is not a psychologically valid construct. Journal of Child Language 31:467–70. [SR]Google Scholar
Brown, K. & Mack, D. S. (1978) Food sharing among captive Leontopithecus rosalia. Folia Primatologica 29:268–90. [GEW]Google Scholar
Bruner, J. (1978) Foreword. In: Action gesture and symbol: The emergence of language, ed. Lock, A., pp. vii–viii. Academic Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Burbank, V. K. (1994) Fighting women: Anger and aggression in Aboriginal Australia. University of California Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Burleson, B. R. (1982) The development of comforting communication skills in childhood and adolescence. Child Development 53:1578–88. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Burns, T. A. (1976) Riddling: Occasion to act. Journal of American Folklore 89:139–65. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Burroughs, E. I. & Tomblin, J. B. (1990) Speech and language correlates of adults’ judgments of children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55:485–94. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Cabana, T., Jolicoeur, P. & Michaud, J. (1993) Prenatal and postnatal growth and allometry of stature, head circumference, and brain weight in Que´bec children. American Journal of Human Biology 5:93–99. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (1996) How brains think: Evolving intelligence. Basic Books. [SR]Google Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (1998) The cerebral code: Thinking a thought in the mosaics of the mind. MIT Press. [SR]Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (1999) Staying alive: Evolution, culture and women's intrasexual aggression. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22(2):203–14. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Camperio Ciani, A. & Chiarelli, B. (1988) A systematic relationship between brain size increase and larynx transformation during hominization. In: Language origin: A multidisciplinary approach, ed. Wind, J., Chiarelli, B., Bichakjian, B., Nocentini, A. & Jonker, A., pp. 51–66. (NATO ASI Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences, 31). Kluwer Academic. [DLB]Google Scholar
Candolin, U. (2003) The use of multiple cues in mate choice. Biological Review 78:575–95. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Cangelosi, A. & Parisi, D., eds. (2001) Simulating the evolution of language. Springer. [HB]Google Scholar
Capp, B. (2003) When gossips meet: Women, family, and neighbourhood in early modern England. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Caro, T. M. & Hauser, M. D. (1992) Is there teaching in nonhuman animals? Quarterly Review of Biology 67:151–74. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Carroll, J. B. (1993) Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Carruthers, P. (1996) Language, thought and consciousness. Cambridge University Press. [SJC]Google Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (1999) The origin of complex language. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2004) Many perspectives, no consensus. Science 303:1299–300. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Chalcraft, V. J. & Gardner, R. A. (2005) Cross-fostered chimpanzees modulate signs of American Sign Language. Gesture 5:107–31. [RAG]Google Scholar
Chance, M. R. A. (1967) Attention-structure as the basis of primate rank orders. Man 2:503–18. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Chance, M. R. A. & Jolly, C. J. (1970) Social groups of monkeys, apes and men. Jonathan Cape. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Charnov, E. L. (1993) Life history invariants: Some explorations of symmetry in evolutionary ecology. Oxford University Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990) How monkeys see the world. University of Chicago Press. [DLB]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. (2005a) Constraints and preadaptations in the earliest stages of language evolution. Linguistic Review 22:135–59. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. (2005b) Social complexity and the information acquired during eavesdropping by primates and other animals. In: Animal communication networks, ed. McGregor, P. K., pp. 583–603. Cambridge University Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Chisolm, J. S. (2003) Uncertainty, contingency, and attachment: A life history theory of theory of mind. In: From mating to mentality: Evaluating evolutionary psychology, ed. Sterelny, K. & Fitness, J.. Psychology Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1967) The formal nature of language. In: Biological foundations of language, ed. Lenneberg, E. H., pp. 397–442. Wiley. [RAG]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1980) Rules and representations. Columbia University Press. [DB, rJLL]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1988) Language and problems of knowledge. The Managua Lectures. MIT Press. [CK]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1996) Minimalism. MIT Press. [KK]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (2002a) Language and the brain. In: On nature and language, ed. Belletti, A. & Rizzi, L., pp. 61–91. Cambridge University Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (2002b) On nature and language. Cambridge University Press. [CK]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N., Belletti, A. & Rizzi, L. (2002) On nature and language. Cambridge University Press. [HB]Google Scholar
Christiansen, K. & Knussmann, R. (1987) Sex hormones and cognitive functioning in men. Neuropsychobiology 18:27–36. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Christiansen, M. & Kirby, S., eds. (2003a) Language evolution. Oxford University Press. [LJG, aJLL]Google Scholar
Christiansen, M. (2003b) Language evolution: Consensus and controversies. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7:300–307. [HB, aJLL]Google Scholar
Christiansen, M. (2003c) Language evolution: The hardest problem in science? In: Language evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. & Kirby, S.. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Christy, J. H. (1995) Mimicry, mate choice, and the sensory trap hypothesis. American Naturalist 146:171–81. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Clancy, B., Darlington, R. B. & Finlay, B. L. (2001) Translating developmental time across mammalian species. Neuroscience 105:7–17. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Clark, A. (1997) Being there: Putting brain, body and mind together again. MIT Press. [SJC]Google Scholar
Clark, E. V., Hecht, B. F. & Mulford, R. C. (1986) Coining complex compounds in English: Affixes and word order in acquisition. Linguistics 24:7–29. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Clastres, P. (1987) Society against the state: Essays in political anthropology. Zone Books. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. (2002) Breeding together: Kin selection and mutualism in cooperative vertebrates. Science 296:69–72. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Coates, J. (1986) Women, men and language: A sociolinguistic account of sex differences in language. Longman. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Cohen, M. A. & Gross, P. J. (1979) The developmental resource: Behavioral sequences for assessment and program planning. Grune & Stratton. [RAG]Google Scholar
Coleman, S. W., Patricelli, G. L. & Borgia, G. (2004) Variable female preferences drive complex male displays. Nature 428:742–45. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Comaroff, J. (1975) Talking politics: Oratory and authority in a Tswana chiefdom. In: Political language and oratory in traditional society, ed. Bloch, M.. Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Comenius, J. A. (1659/1968) Orbis sensualium pictus, trans. Hoole, C. & Kirton, J./ Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1658, German-Latin edition; first English edition, 1659, Kirton, J.; 1968 fascimile reprint of 1659 English edition, Oxford University Press). [WMS]Google Scholar
Conroy, G. C. & Vannier, M. W. (1991) Dental development in South African australopithecines. Part I: Problems of pattern and chronology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 86:121–36. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Conti-Ramsden, G. & Botting, N. (2004) Social difficulties and victimization in children with SLI at 11 years of age. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47:145–61. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Cook, A. S., Fritz, J. J., McCornack, B. L. & Visperas, C. (1985) Early gender differences in the functional usage of language. Sex Roles 12:909–15. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Cook, C. & Hamann, J. (1961) Relation of lung volumes to height in healthy persons between ages of 5 and 38 years. Journal of Pediatrics 59:710–14. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Coqueugniot, H., Hublin, J. J., Veillon, F., Houet, F. & Jacob, T. (2004) Early brain growth in Homo erectus and implications for cognitive ability. Nature 431(7006):299–302. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2002) From hand to mouth: The origins of language. Princeton University Press. [SJ, aJLL]Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2004) The origins of modernity: Was autonomous speech the critical factor? Psychological Review 111:543–52. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Cowie, R. & Douglas-Cowie, E. (1983) Speech production in profound postlingual deafness. In: Hearing science and hearing disorders, ed. Lutman, M. E. & Haggard, M. P.. Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Cowley, S. J., Moodley, S. & Fiori-Cowley, A. (2004) Grounding signs of culture: Primary intersubjectivity in social semiosis. Mind, Culture and Activity 11(2):109–32. [SJC]Google Scholar
Crain, S. (1991) Language acquisition in the absence of experience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14(4):597–611. [DB]Google Scholar
Crain, S. & Thornton, R. (1998) Investigations in universal grammar: A guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics. MIT Press. [DB]Google Scholar
Crick, N. R. & Bigbee, M. A. (1998) Relational and overt forms of peer victimization: A multiinformant approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 66:337–47. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Crowe Hall, B. J. (1991) Attitudes of fourth and sixth graders toward peers with mild articulation disorders. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 22:334–40. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Culatta, B., Page, J. L. & Ellis, J. (1983) Story retelling as a communicative performance screening tool. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 14:66–74. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dabbs, J. M. (2000) Heroes, rogues, and lovers: Testosterone and behavior. McGraw-Hill. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Dabbs, J. M., Alford, E. C. & Fielden, J. A. (1998) Trial lawyers and testosterone: Blue-collar talent in a white-collar world. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 28:84–94. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dabbs, J. M, Bernieri, F. J, Strong, R. K, Campo, R. & Milun, R. (2001) Going on stage: Testosterone in greetings and meetings. Journal of Research in Personality 35:27–40. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dabbs, J. M., La Rue, D. & Williams, P. M. (1990) Testosterone and occupational choice: Actors, ministers, and other men. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59:1261–65. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dabbs, J. M. & Mallinger, A. (1999) Higher testosterone levels predict lower voice pitch among men. Personality and Individual Differences 27:801–804. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dabbs, J. M. & Ruback, R. B. (1984) Vocal patterns in male and female groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 10:518–25. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dabbs, J. M. & Ruback, R. B. (1988) Saliva testosterone and personality of male college students. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 26:244–47. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1871) The descent of man. Murray. [DKO]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1879/2004) The descent of man; and selection in relation to sex. Penguin. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Davis, S., Howell, P. & Cooke, F. (2002) Sociodynamic relationships between children who stutter and their non-stuttering classmates. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43:939–47. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1986) The blind watchmaker: Why the evidence of evolution reveals a universe without design. Norton. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (2004) Extended phenotype – but not too extended. A reply to Laland, Turner and Jablonka. Biology and Philosophy 19:377–96. [aJLL]Google Scholar
de Beer, G. (1930) Embryology and evolution. Clarendon Press. [SR]Google Scholar
de Beer, G. R. (1951/1958) Embryos and ancestors. [1958, 3rd edition.] Clarendon Press. [DFB, aJLL, SR]Google Scholar
de Boysson-Bardies, B. (2001) How language comes to children. From birth to two years. MIT Press. [DLB]Google Scholar
De Martino, E. (1961) La terra del rimorso. Il Saggiatore. [IB]Google Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1997) The symbolic species: The co-evolution of language and the human brain. Norton/Allen Lane/University of Chicago Press. [SJC, aJLL, SR, KW]Google Scholar
Dean, C., Leakey, M. G., Reid, D., Schrenk, F., Schwartz, G. T., Stringer, C. & Walker, A. (2001) Growth processes in teeth distinguish modern humans from Homo erectus and earlier hominins. Nature 414(6864):628–31. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Deaner, R. O., Barton, R. A. & van Schaik, P. (2003) Primate brains and life histories: Renewing the connection. In: Primate life histories and socioecology, ed. Kappeler, P. M. & Pereira, M. E., pp. 233–65. University of Chicago Press. [GEW]Google Scholar
Degh, L. (1995) Narratives in society: A performer-centered study of narration. Academia Scientarum Fennica. [IB]Google Scholar
Demirjian, A. (1986) Dentition. In: Human growth, vol. 2: Postnatal growth, ed. Falkner, F. & Tanner, J. M., pp. 269–98. Plenum. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. (1991) Consciousness explained. Little, Brown. [SJC]Google Scholar
Derlega, V. J., Metts, S., Petronio, S. & Margulis, S. T. (1993) Self-disclosure. Sage. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dessalles, J.-L. (1998) Altruism, status, and the origin of relevance. In: The evolution of language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Knight, C., pp. 130–47. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dessalles, J.-L. (2000) Language and hominid politics. In: The evolutionary emergence of language, ed. Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Hurford, J., pp. 62–80. Cambridge University Press. [SJ]Google Scholar
DeThorne, L. S. & Watkins, R. V. (2001) Listeners’ perceptions of language use in children. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 32:142–48. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dettwyler, K. A. (1995) A time to wean: The hominid blueprint for the natural age of weaning in modern human populations. In: Breastfeeding: Biocultural perspectives, ed. Stuart-Macadam, P., & Detwyller, K. A., pp. 39–74. Aldine de Gruyter. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dickins, T. E. (2005) Can there ever be a non-specific adaptation? A response to Hampton. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 35(3):329–40. [TED]Google Scholar
Dittus, W. P. J. (1977) The social regulation of population density and age-sex distribution in the toque monkey. Behaviour 63:281–322. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dominey, P. F. & Boucher, J-F. (2005) Developmental stages of perception and language acquisition in a perceptually grounded robot. Cognitive Systems Research 6:243–59. [LJG]Google Scholar
Donald, M. (1991) Origins of the modern mind. Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition. Harvard University Press. [SJ]Google Scholar
Donald, M. (1999) Preconditions for the evolution of protolanguages. In: The descent of mind: Psychological perspectives on hominid evolution, ed. Corballis, M. C. & Lea, S. E. G.. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Donnai, D. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2000) Williams syndrome: From genotype through to the cognitive phenotype. American Journal of Medical Genetics: Seminars in Medical Genetics 97(2):164–71. [JVH]Google Scholar
Draper, P. (1976) Social and economic constraints on child life among the !Kung. In: Kalahari hunter-gatherers: Studies of the !Kung San and their neighbors, ed. Lee, R. B. & DeVore, I.. Harvard University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1993) Coevolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16(4):681–94. [SJ, rJLL]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1996) Grooming, gossip and the evolution of language. Faber and Faber. [CK, aJLL, WMS, KW]Google Scholar
Dundes, A., Leach, J. W. & Özkök, B. (1970) The strategy of Turkish boys’ verbal dueling rhymes. In: Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication, ed. Gumperz, J. J. & Hymes, D.. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Dunn, J. (1996) Sibling relationships and perceived self-competence: Patterns of stability between childhood and early adolescence. In: The five to seven year shift: The age of reason and responsibility, ed. Sameroff, A. J. & Haith, M. M.. University of Chicago Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Durston, S., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Casey, B. J., Giedd, J. N., Buitelaar, J. K. & van Engeland, H. (2001) Anatomical MRI of the developing human brain: What have we learned? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40:1012–20. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Eckert, P. (1988) Adolescent social structure and the spread of linguistic change. Language and Society 17:183–207. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Eckert, P. (1999) Linguistic variation as social practice. Blackwell. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Eckert, P. (2003) Language and gender in adolescence. In: The handbook of language and gender, ed. Holmes, J. & Meyerhoff, M.. Blackwell. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Eckhardt, R. B. (2000) Human paleobiology. Cambridge University Press. [RBE]Google Scholar
Edwards, V. & Sienkewicz, T. J. (1990) Oral cultures past and present: Rappin’ and Homer. Blackwell. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Eisley, L. (1946/1957) The immense journey. Vintage Books. [SR]Google Scholar
Eliade, M. (1951) Le chamanisme et les techniques archaiques de l’extase. Payot. [IB]Google Scholar
Ellis, A. W. & Young, A. W. (1988) Human cognitive neuropsychology. Erlbaum. [DLB]Google Scholar
Elman, J. L. (1993) Learning and development in neural networks: The importance of starting small. Cognition 48:71–99. [HB]Google Scholar
Emler, N. (2001) Gossiping. In: The new handbook of language and social psychology, ed. Robinson, W. P. & Giles, H.. Wiley. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Endler, J. A. & Basolo, A. L. (1998) Sensory ecology, receiver biases and sexual selection. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:415–20. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Engström, I., Karlberg, P. & Kraepellen, S. (1956) Respiratory studies in children. Acta Paediatrica 46:277–94. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Enquist, M. & Arak, A. (1993) Selection of exaggerated male traits by female aesthetic senses. Nature 361:446–48. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Erdal, D. & Whiten, A. (1994) On human egalitarianism: An evolutionary product of Machiavellian status escalation. Current Anthropology 35:175–83. [CK]Google Scholar
Erikson, E. H. (1950) Childhood and society, 2nd edition, revised 1963. Norton. [WMS]Google Scholar
Estioko-Griffin, A. (1986) Daughters of the forest. Natural History 95:36–43. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Exline, R. V., Ellyson, S. L. & Long, B. (1975) Visual behaviour as an aspect of power role relationships. In: Nonverbal communication of aggression, vol. 2, ed. Pliner, P., Krames, L. & Alloway, T., pp. 21–52. Plenum. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Falk, D. (2004) Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: Whence motherese? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27(4):491–503. [SJ, BJK]Google Scholar
Faris, J. C. (1966) The dynamics of verbal exchange: A Newfoundland example. Anthropologica 8:235–48. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Felsenfeld, S., Broen, P. A. & McGue, M. (1992) A 28-year follow-up of adults with a history of moderate phonological disorder: Linguistic and personality results. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 35:1114–25. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fenson, L., Dale, P. A., Reznick, J. S., Bates, E., Thal, D. & Pethick, S. (1994) Variability in early communicative development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Serial No. 242, Vol. 59(5). [aJLL]Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. A. (1964) Baby talk in six languages. American Anthropologist 66:103–14. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fernald, A. (1989) Intonation and communicative intent in mothers’ speech to infants: Is the melody the message? Child Development 60:1497–510. [KW]Google Scholar
Ferris, W. R. (1972) Black prose narrative in the Mississippi Delta: An overview. Journal of American Folklore 85:140–51. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Finlay, B. L. & Darlington, R. B. (1995) Linked regularities in the development and evolution of mammalian brains. Science 268:1578–84. [SR]Google Scholar
Finlay, B. L., Darlington, R. B. & Nicastro, N. (2001) Developmental structure in brain evolution. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24(2):263–78. [SR]Google Scholar
Finnegan, R. (1967) Limba stories and story-telling. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Finnegan, R. (1969) Attitudes to speech and language among the Limba of Sierra Leone. Odu 2:61–77. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Firth, R. (1975) Speech-making and authority in Tikopia. In: Political language and oratory in traditional society, ed. Bloch, M.. Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fischer, J., Kitchen, D. M., Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D. L. (2004) Baboon loud calls advertise male quality: Acoustic features and their relation to rank, age, and exhaustion. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 56:140–48. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fisek, M. H. & Ofshe, R. (1970) The process of status evolution. Sociometry 33:327–46. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fisher, M. L. (2004) Female intrasexual competition decreases female facial attractiveness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 271:283–85. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Fisher, M. L. (2004) Kin selection and “mother tongues”: A neglected component in language evolution. In: The evolution of communication systems: A comparative approach, ed. Oller, D. K. & Griebel, U., pp. 275–96. MIT Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Fisher, R. A. (1930/1958) The genetical theory of natural selection. Dover. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (1997) Vocal tract length and formant frequency dispersion correlate with body size in rhesus macaques. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102:1213–22. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2004) Kin selection and “mother tongues”: A neglected component in language evolution. In: The evolution of communication systems: A comparative approach, ed. Oller, D. K. & Griebel, U.. MIT Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2005) The evolution of language: A comparative review. Biology and Philosophy 20:193–230. [BJK, rJLL]Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. & Giedd, J. (1999) Morphology and development of the human vocal tract: A study using magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106:1511–22. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. & Hauser, M. D. (2002) Unpacking “honesty”: Vertebrate vocal production and the evolution of acoustic signals. In: Acoustic communication, ed. Simmons, A., Fay, R. R. & Popper, A. N., pp. 63–137. Springer. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T., Hauser, M. D. & Chomsky, N. (2005) The evolution of the language faculty: Clarifications and implications. Cognition 97:179–210. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Fletcher, K. L. (1992) Talker and listener effects on the perception of degree of foreign accent. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91:370–89. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fletcher, P. (1990) Speech and language defects. Nature 346:226. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fletcher, S. G. (1972) Time-by-count measurement of diadochokinetic syllable rate. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 15:733–70. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fogel, A., de Koeyer, I., Bellagamba, F. & Bell, H. (2002) The dialogical self in the first two years of life: Embarking on a journey of discovery. Theory and Psychology 12:191–205. [SJC]Google Scholar
Fogel, A., King, B. J. & Shanker, S. G. (2006) Human development in the 21st century: Visionary policy ideas from systems scientists. The Council of Human Development. [BJK]Google Scholar
Folb, E. (1980) Runnin’ down some lines: The language and culture of black teenagers. Harvard University Press. [SJ, aJLL]Google Scholar
Frances, S. J. (1979) Sex differences in nonverbal behavior. Sex Roles 5:519–35. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Franks, P. & Bertakis, K. D. (2003) Physician gender, patient gender, and primary care. Journal of Women's Health 12:73–80. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Freeby, N. & Madison, C. L. (1989) Children's perceptions of peers with articulation disorders. Child Study Journal 19:133–44. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Fromkin, V., ed. (2000) Linguistics: An introduction to linguistic theory. Blackwell. [KK]Google Scholar
Fujiki, M. & Brinton, B. (1991) The verbal noncommunicator: A case study. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 22:322–33. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Gage, T. B. (1998) The comparative demography of primates: With some comments on the evolution of life histories. Annual Review of Anthropology 27:197–221. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Galef, B. G. (1990) Tradition in animals: Field observations and laboratory analyses. In: Interpretation and explanation in the study of animal behavior. Vol. 1: Interpretation, intentionality, and communication, ed. Bekoff, M. & Jamieson, D.. Westview. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Galen, B. R. & Underwood, M. K. (1997) A developmental investigation of social aggression among children. Developmental Psychology 33: 589–600. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Galik, K., Senut, B., Pickford, M., Gommery, D., Treil, J., Kuperavage, A. J. & Eckhardt, R. B. (2004) External and internal morphology of the BAR 1002’00 Orrorin tugenensis femur. Science 305:1450–53. [RBE]Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. & Snyder, M. (1986) On the nature of self-monitoring: An examination of causal structure. Review of Personality and Social Psychology 6:65–85. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Gärdenfors, P. (2003) How Homo became Sapiens: On the evolution of thinking. Oxford University Press. [SJ]Google Scholar
Gärdenfors, P. (2004) Cooperation and the evolution of symbolic communication. In: The evolution of communication systems, ed. Oller, K. & Griebel, U., pp. 237–56. MIT Press. [SJ]Google Scholar
Gardner, B. T. & Gardner, R. A. (1980) Two comparative psychologists look at language acquisition. In: Child language, vol. 2, ed. Nelson, K., pp. 331–69. Gardner Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Gardner, B. T. & Gardner, R. A. (1989) Prelinguistic development of children and chimpanzees. Human Evolution 4:433–60. [RAG]Google Scholar
Gardner, B. T. & Gardner, R. A. (1998) Development of phrases in the early utterances of children and cross-fostered chimpanzees. Human Evolution 13:161–88. [RAG]Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A. & Gardner, B. T. (1989) A cross-fostering laboratory. In: Teaching sign language to chimpanzees, ed.Gardner, R. A., Gardner, B. T. & Van Cantfort, T. E., pp. 1–28. State University of New York Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A., Gardner, B. T. & Drumm, P. (1989) Voiced and signed responses of cross-fostered chimpanzees. In: Teaching sign language to chimpanzees, ed. Gardner, R. A., Gardner, B. T. & Van Cantfort, T. E.. State University of New York Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Garrett, M. M. (1993) Wit, power, and oppositional groups: A case study of “pure talk.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 79:303–18. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Garstang, W. (1922) The theory of recapitulation: A critical re-statement of the biogenetic law. Journal of the Linnaean Society of London (Zoology) 35:81–101. [DFB, aJLL]Google Scholar
Gavan, J. A. (1953) Growth and development of the chimpanzee, a longitudinal and comparative study. Human Biology 25:93–143. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. & Ingold, T., eds. (1993) Tools, language and cognition in human evolution. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Girolametto, L., Wiigs, M., Smyth, R., Weitzman, E. & Pearce, P. S. (2001) Children with a history of expressive vocabulary delay: Outcomes at 5 years of age. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 10:358–69. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Gleason, J. B. & Weintraub, S. (1976) The acquisition of routines in child language. Language in Society 5:129–36. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Goffman, I. (1969) The presentation of self in everyday life. Penguin. [KK]Google Scholar
Gogate, L. J., Bolzani, L. E. & Betancourt, E. (2006) Attention to maternal multimodal naming by 6- to 8-month-old infants and learning of word-object relations. Infancy 9(3):259–88.[LJG]Google Scholar
Gogate, L. J., Walker-Andrews, A. S. & Bahrick, L. E. (2001) The intersensory origins of word comprehension: An ecological-dynamic systems view. Developmental Science 4(1):1–18. [LJG]Google Scholar
Gold, E. M. (1967) Language identification in the limit. Information and Control 10:447–74. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. & Feldman, H. (1977) The development of language-like communication without a language model. Science 197:401–403. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. & Mylander, C. (1998) Spontaneous sign systems created by deaf children in two cultures. Nature 391:279–81. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Goldizen, A. W. (1987) Tamarins and marmosets: Communal care of offspring. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T., pp. 34–43. University of Chicago Press. [GEW]Google Scholar
Goldman, L. R. (1998) Child's play: Myth, mimesis and make-believe. Berg. [SR]Google Scholar
Goldstein, L., Byrd, D. & Saltzman, E. (in press) The role of vocal tract gestural action units in understanding the evolution of phonology. In: Action to language via the mirror neuron system, ed. Arbib, M. A.. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
González, J. (2004) Formant frequencies and body size of speaker: A weak relationship in adult humans. Journal of Phonetics 32:277–87. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1968) The behaviour of free-living chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Reserve. Animal Behaviour Monographs 1:165–311. [GEW]Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1983) Population dynamics during a 15 year period in one community of free-living chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 61:1–60. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1988) In the shadow of man. Houghton Mifflin. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Goodenough, J., McGuire, B. & Wallace, R. A. (1993) Perspectives in animal behavior. Wiley. [RAG]Google Scholar
Goody, J. & Watt, I. (1968) The consequences of literacy. In: Literacy in traditional societies, ed. Goody, J., pp. 27–68. Cambridge University Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Gopnik, M. (1990) Feature-blind grammar and dysphasia. Nature 344:715. [aJLL, LW]Google Scholar
Gopnik, M. (1997) Language deficits and genetic factors. Trends in Cognitive Science 1:5–9. [LW]Google Scholar
Gopnik, M. & Crago, M. B. (1991) Familial aggregation of a developmental language disorder. Cognition 39:1–50. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Gossen, G. H. (1974) Chamulas in the world of the sun: Time and space in a Maya oral tradition. Harvard University Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Gossen, G. H. (1976a) Chamula genres of verbal behavior. In: Toward new perspectives in folklore, ed. Paredes, A. & Bauman, R.. University of Texas Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Gossen, G. H. (1976b) Verbal dueling in Chamula. In: Speech play: Research and resources for the study of linguistic creativity, ed. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B., pp. 121–48. University of Pennsylvania Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1992) Individual development and evolution: The genesis of novel behavior. Erlbaum. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (2002) Developmental-behavioral initiation of evolutionary change. Psychological Review 109:211–18. [DFB]Google Scholar
Gottman, J., Gonso, J. & Rasmussen, B. (1975) Social interaction, social competence, and friendship in children. Child Development 46:709–18. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Gottman, J. M. & Mettetal, G. (1986) Speculations about social and affective development: Friendship and acquaintance through adolescence. In: Conversations of friends: Speculations on affective development, ed. Gottman, J. M. & Parker, J. G.. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1977) Ontogeny and phylogeny. Harvard University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1977) Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Harvard University Press/Belknap Press. [rJLL, SR]Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. & Lewontin, R. C. (1979) The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptionist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 205:581–98. [SR]Google Scholar
Gouzoules, H. & Gouzoules, S. (2002) Primate communication: By nature honest, or by experience wise? International Journal of Primatology 23:821–48. [PK]Google Scholar
Grammer, K. (1989) Human courtship behaviour: Biological basis and cognitive processing. In: The sociobiology of sexual and reproductive strategies, ed. Rasa, A. E., Vogel, C. & Voland, E.. Chapman and Hall. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Grammer, K. (1990) Strangers meet: Laughter and nonverbal signs of interest in opposite-sex encounters. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 14:209–36. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Grammer, K., Kruck, K., Juette, A. & Fink, B. (2000) Nonverbal behaviour as courtship signals: The role of control and choice in selecting partners. Evolution and Human Behavior 21: 371–90. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Grammer, K., Kruck, K. B. & Magnusson, M. S. (1998) The courtship dance: Patterns of nonverbal synchronization in opposite-sex encounters. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 22:3–29. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Grant, V. J. (2003) The maternal dominance hypothesis: Questioning Trivers and Willard. Evolutionary Psychology 1:96–107. [SR]Google Scholar
Greenspan, S. I. & Shanker, S. G. (2004) The first idea: How symbols, language, and intelligence evolved from our primate ancestors. Da Capo. [BJK]Google Scholar
Grice, P. (1989) Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press. [CK]Google Scholar
Griebel, U. & Oller, D. K. (in press) Evolutionary forces favoring contextual flexibility: Sexual selection, social cohesion, deception and protean behavior. In: Evolution of communicative flexibility: Complexity, creativity and adaptability in human and animal communication, ed. Oller, D. K. & Griebel, U.. MIT Press. [DKO]Google Scholar
Gurven, M., Allen-Arave, W., Hill, K. & Hurtado, M. (2000) “It's a wonderful life”: Signaling generosity among the Ache of Paraguay. Evolution and Human Behavior 21:263–82. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Gurven, M. & Walker, R. (2006) Energetic demand of multiple dependents and the evolution of slow human growth. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 273: 835–41. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Gustafsson, J.-E. & Holmberg, L. M. (1992) Psychometric properties of vocabulary test items as a function of word characteristics. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 36:191–210. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Gustafsson, J.-E. & Undheim, J. O. (1996) Individual differences in cognitive functions. In: Handbook of educational psychology, ed. Berliner, D. C. & Calfee, R. C.. Macmillan. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Haberland, H. & Mey, J. L. (1977) Editorial: Linguistics and pragmatics. Journal of Pragmatics 1:1–12. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hadley, P. A. & Rice, M. L. (1991) Conversational responsiveness of speech- and language-impaired preschoolers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34:1308–17. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Haeckel, E. (1899) Riddle of the universe at the close of the nineteenth century. Available at: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/haeckel.html. [LJG]Google Scholar
Halpern, C. T., Udry, J. R., Campbell, B. & Suchindran, C. (1993) Testosterone and pubertal development as predictors of sexual activity: A panel analysis of adolescent males. Psychosomatic Medicine 55:436–47. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Halpern, C. T., Udry, J. R. & Suchindran, C. (1998) Monthly measures of salivary testosterone predict sexual activity in adolescent males. Archives of Sexual Behavior 27:445–65. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hamada, Y. & Udono, T. (2002) Longitudinal analysis of length growth in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 118:268–84. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Hamilton, M. E. (1985) Sociobiology and the evolutionary history of relations between males and females. In: Male-female differences: A bio-cultural perspective, ed. Hall, R. L.. Praeger. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. (1964) The genetical evolution of social behavior, I & II. Journal of Theoretical Biology 7:1–52. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. (1966) The moulding of senescence by natural selection. Journal of Theoretical Biology 12:12–45. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hannerz, U. (1969) Soulside. Columbia University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Harries, M. L. L., Walker, J. M., Williams, D. M., Hawkins, S. & Hughes, I. A. (1997) Changes in the male voice at puberty. Archives of Disease in Childhood 77:445–47. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Harris, M. P. (1970) Abnormal migration and hybridization of Larus argentatus and L. fuscus after interspecies fostering experiments. Ibis 112:488–98. [RAG]Google Scholar
Harvey, P. H. & Arnold, S. J. (1982) Female mate choice and runaway sexual selection. Nature 297:533–34. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Harvey, P. H. & Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1985) Life history variation in primates. Evolution 39:559–81. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Harvey, P. H., Martin, R. D. & Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1987) Life histories in comparative perspective. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T., pp. 181–96. University of Chicago Press. [aJLL, SR]Google Scholar
Hausberger, M. (1997) Song acquisition and sharing in the starling. In: Social influences on vocal development, ed. Snowdon, C. T. & Hausberger, M., pp. 57–84. Cambridge University Press. [DKO]Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D. (1988) Invention and social transmission: New data from wild vervet monkeys. In: Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans, ed. Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A.. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D. (1996) The evolution of communication. MIT Press. [DKO, arJLL]Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D., Chomsky, N. & Fitch, W. T. (2002) The faculty of language: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? Science 298:1569–79. [DB, SJC, CK arJLL, DMWP]Google Scholar
Hawkes, K. (1991) Showing off: Tests of an hypothesis about men's foraging goals. Ethology and Sociobiology 12:29–54. [CK]Google Scholar
Hawkes, K., O’Connell, J. F. & Blurton Jones, N. G. (1997) Hadza women's time allocation, offspring provisioning, and the evolution of post-menopausal lifespans. Current Anthropology 38:551–78. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hawkes, K., O’Connell, J. F., Blurton Jones, N. G., Alvarez, H. & Chernov, E. L. (1998) Grandmothering, menopause, and the evolution of human life histories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95:1336–39. [arJLL, WMS]Google Scholar
Hayaki, H., Huffman, M. A. & Nishida, T. (1989) Dominance among male chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National park, Tanzania: A preliminary study. Primates 30:187–97. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Henneberg, M. & Thorne, A. (2004) Flores human may be pathological Homo sapiens. Before Farming 4, article 1. [RBE]Google Scholar
Hernández Blasi, C. & Bjorklund, D. F. (2003) Evolutionary developmental psychology: A new tool for better understanding human ontogeny. Human Development 46:259–81. [DFB]Google Scholar
Herndon, M. & McLeod, N. (1980) The interrelationship of style and occasion in the Maltese spirtu pront. In: The ethnography of musical performance, ed. McLeod, N. & Herndon, M., pp. 147–66. Norwood Editions. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Hewes, G. W. (1974) Abridged bibliography on the origin of language. In: Language origins, ed. Wescott, R. W.. Linstok Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hewlett, B. S. (1991) Intimate fathers: The nature and context of Aka Pygmy paternal care. University of Michigan Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hill, K. & Hurtado, A. M. (1991) The evolution of premature reproductive senescence and menopause in human females: An evolution of the “Grandmother Hypothesis.” Human Nature 2:313–50. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hill, K. & Hurtado, A. M. (1996) Ache life history: The ecology and demography of a foraging people. Aldine de Gruyter. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hines, M. (1990) Gonadal hormones and human cognitive development. In: Hormones, brain, and behaviour in vertebrates. 1. Sexual differentiation, neuroanatomical aspects, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, ed. Balthazart, J.. Karger. (Also in: Comparative Physiology 8:51–63.) [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hobart, M. (1975) Orators and patrons: Two types of political leader in Balinese village society. In: Political language and oratory in traditional society, ed. Bloch, M.. Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hobson, P. (2002) The cradle of thought: Exploring the origins of thinking. Macmillan. [SJ]Google Scholar
Hobson, W. C., Fuller, G. B., Winter, J. S. D., Faiman, C. & Reyes, P. I. (1981) Reproductive and endocrine development in the great apes. In: Reproductive biology of the great apes: Comparative and biomedical perspectives, ed. Graham, C. E., pp. 83–103. Academic Press. [SR]Google Scholar
Hockett, C. F. (1977) The view from language: Selected essays, 1948–1974. University of Georgia Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hoebel, E. A. (1964) The law of primitive man: A study in comparative legal dynamics. Harvard University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hogan, J. A. (1988) Cause and function in the development of behavior systems. In: Handbook of behavioral neurobiology, vol. 9: Developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology, ed. Blass, E. M.. Plenum. [SJC, aJLL]Google Scholar
Hoit, J. D., Hixon, T. J., Watson, P. J. & Morgan, W. J. (1990) Speech breathing in children and adolescents. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 33:51–69. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hold-Cavell, B. C. L. & Borsutzky, D. (1986) Strategies to obtain high regard: Longitudinal study of a group of preschool children. Ethology and Sociobiology 7:39–56. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Howard, R. W. (2001) Searching the real world for signs of rising population intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences 30(6):1039–59. [DFB]Google Scholar
Howell, N. (1979) Demography of the Dobe !Kung. Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Howlin, P., Mawhood, I. & Rutter, M. (2000) Autism and developmental language disorder – A comparative follow-up study in early life: II. Social, behavioural, and psychiatric outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 41:561–78. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hughes, S. M., Dispenza, F. & Gallup, G. G. (2004) Ratings of voice attractiveness predict sexual behavior and body configuration. Evolution and Human Behavior 25:295–304. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hultsch, H. & Todt, D. (2004) Learning to sing. In: Nature's music: The science of birdsong, ed. Marler, P. R. & Slabbekoorn, H., pp. 80–107. Academic Press. [DLB]Google Scholar
Humphrey, C. (1996) Shamans and elders. Clarendon Press. [IB]Google Scholar
Hurford, J. R. (1989) Biological evolution of the Saussurean sign as a component of the language acquisition device. Lingua 77:187–222. [HB]Google Scholar
Hurford, J. R. (2002) Expression/induction models of language evolution: Dimensions and issues. In: Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: Formal and computational models, ed. Briscoe, T., pp. 301–44. Cambridge University Press. [LJG]Google Scholar
Hurford, J. R. (2005) Computer modeling widens the focus of language study. In: Language origins: Perspectives on evolution, ed. Tallerman, M., pp. 284–89. Oxford University Press. [HB]Google Scholar
Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Knight, C., eds. (1998) Approaches to the evolution of language: Social and cognitive bases. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hurst, J. A., Baraitser, M., Auger, E., Graham, F. & Norell, S. (1990) An extended family with a dominantly inherited speech disorder. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 32:352–55. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Huttenlocher, J., Haight, W., Bryk, A., Selzer, M. & Lyons, T. (1991) Early vocabulary growth: Relation to language input and gender. Developmental Psychology 27:236–48. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Hyde, J. S. & Linn, M. C. (1988) Gender differences in verbal ability: A metaanalysis. Psychological Bulletin 104:53–69. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Jackendoff, R. (1994) Patterns in the mind: Language and human nature. Basic Books. [LW]Google Scholar
Jackendoff, R. (2002) Foundations of language. Oxford University Press. [aJLL, KW]Google Scholar
Jackendoff, R. S. (1995) The boundaries of the lexicon. In: Idioms: Structural and psychological perspectives, ed. Everaert, M., van der Linden, E.-J., Schenk, A. & Schroeder, R., pp. 133–65. Erlbaum. [KK]Google Scholar
Jakobson, R. (1960) Why ‘Mama’ and ‘Papa’? In: Perspectives in psychological theory: Essays in honor of Heinz Werner, ed. Kaplan, B. & Wapner, S.. International Universities Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
James, D. & Drakich, J. (1993) Understanding gender differences in amount of talk: A critical review of research. In: Gender and conversational speech, ed. Tannen, D.. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Janson, C. H. & van Schaik, C. P. (1993) Ecological risk aversion in juvenile primates: Slow and steady wins the race. In: Juvenile primates: Life history, development, and behavior, ed. Pereira, M. E. & Fairbanks, L. A., pp. 57–74. Oxford University Press. [aJLL, GEW]Google Scholar
Jensvold, M. L. J. & Gardner, R. A. (2000) Interactive use of sign language by cross-fostered chimpanzees. Journal of Comparative Psychology 114:335–46. [RAG]Google Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1973) Evolution of brain and intelligence. Academic Press. [SR]Google Scholar
Joffe, T. H. (1997) Social pressures have selected for an extended juvenile period in primates. Journal of Human Evolution 32:593–605. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Johannson, S. (2005) Origins of language: Constraints on hypotheses. John Benjamins. [LJG, SJ]Google Scholar
Johnson, K. P. (1999) The evolution of bill coloration and plumage dimorphism supports the transference hypothesis in dabbling ducks. Behavioral Ecology 10:63–67. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Johnson, S. & Carey, S. (1998) Knowledge enrichment and conceptual change in Folkbiology: Evidence from Williams syndrome. Cognitive Psychology 37:156–200. [JVH]Google Scholar
Jones, S., Martin, R. & Pilbeam, D., eds. (1992) The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge University Press. [GEW]Google Scholar
Jusczyk, P. W. (1999) How infants begin to extract words from speech. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3(9):323–28. [JVH]Google Scholar
Jusczyk, P. W. & Aslin, R. N. (1995) Infants’ detection of sound patterns in fluent speech. Cognitive Psychology 29:1–23. [JVH]Google Scholar
Kalma, A. (1991) Hierarchisation and dominance assessment at first glance. European Journal of Social Psychology 21:165–81. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kaminski, J., Call, J. & Fischer, J. (2004) Word learning in a domestic dog: Evidence for “fast mapping.” Science 304:1682–83. [DLB]Google Scholar
Kaplan, H., Hill, K., Lancaster, J. & Hurtado, A. M. (2000) A theory of human life history evolution: Diet, intelligence, and longevity. Evolutionary Anthropology 9:156–85. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Karanth, P. (2005) The nature-nurture controversy in its most recent avatar: A response to Shukla and Vasanta. Journal of Bioscience 30:139–42. [LW]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1985) Some fundamental aspects of language development after age 5. In: Language acquisition: Studies in first language development, 2nd edition, ed. Fletcher, P. & Garman, M.. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1992) Beyond modularity: A developmental perspective on cognitive science. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [JVH]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2006) Modules, genes and evolution: What have we learned from atypical development? In: Processes of change in brain and cognitive development: Attention and performance series, vol. 21, ed. Munakata, Y. & Johnson, M. H.. pp. 563–83. Oxford University Press. [JVH]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. & Inhelder, B. (1975) If you want to get ahead, get a theory. Cognition 3(3):195–212. [JVH]Google Scholar
Kashima, Y., Yamaguchi, S. K., Choi, S., Gelfand, M. J. & Yuki, M. (1995) Culture, gender, and self: A perspective from the individualism-collectivism research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69:925–37. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kawai, M. (1965) Newly-acquired pre-cultural behavior of the natural troop of Japanese monkeys on Koshima islet. Primates 6:1–30. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kawamura, S. (1959) The process of sub-culture propagation among Japanese macaques. Primates 2:43–60. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kegl, J., Senghas, A. & Coppola, M. (1999). Creation through contact: Sign language emergence and sign language change in Nicaragua. In: Language creation and language change: Creolization, diachrony, and development, ed. DeGraff, M., pp. 179–238. MIT Press. [SR]Google Scholar
Kelso, S. (1997) Dynamic patterns: The self-organization of brain and behavior. MIT Press. [LJG]Google Scholar
Kendon, A. (1980a) A description of a deaf-mute sign language from the Enga Province of Papua New Guinea with some comparative discussion. Part I: The formational properties of Enga signs. Semiotica 31(1–2): 1–34. [SR]Google Scholar
Kendon, A. (1980b) A description of a deaf-mute sign language from the Enga Province of Papua New Guinea with some comparative discussion. Part II: The semiotic functioning of Enga signs. Semiotica 31(1–2):81–117. [SR]Google Scholar
Kendon, A. (1980c) A description of a deaf-mute sign language from the Enga Province of Papua New Guinea with some comparative discussion. Part III: Aspects of utterance construction. Semiotica 31(3–4):245–313. [SR]Google Scholar
Kendon, A. & Cook, M. (1969) The consistency of gaze patterns in social interaction. British Journal of Psychology 60:481–94. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kennedy, C. W. & Camden, C. (1983) Interruptions and nonverbal gender differences. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 8:91–108. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kerswill, P. & Williams, A. (2000) Creating a new town koine: Children and language change in Milton Keynes. Language and Society 29:65–115. [HB]Google Scholar
Kien, J. (1991) A brain re-organization which may have paved the way for the emergence of language. Journal of Human Evolution 20:157–65. [SR]Google Scholar
Kimura, D. (2002) Sex hormones influence human cognitive pattern. Neuroendocrinology Letters 23:67–77. [aJLL]Google Scholar
King, B. J. (2004) The dynamic dance: Nonvocal communication in the African great apes. Harvard University Press. [BJK]Google Scholar
King, B. J. (2004)(in press) Editorial. Journal of Developmental Processes 1(1). [BJK]Google Scholar
Kirby, S. (1999a) Function, selection and innateness. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kirby, S. (1999b) Learning, bottlenecks and infinity: A working model of the evolution of syntactic communication. In: Proceedings of the Society for Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behavior, ed. Datenhahn, K. & Nehanive, C.. pp. 1–9. University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign Press. [LJG]Google Scholar
Kirby, S. (2002) Natural language from artificial life. Artificial Life 8:185–215. [HB]Google Scholar
Kirby, S. & Christiansen, M. (2003) From language learning to language evolution. In: Language evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. & Kirby, S., pp. 272–94). Oxford University Press. [SJC]Google Scholar
Kitchen, D. M., Seyfarth, R. M., Fischer, J. & Cheney, D. L. (2003) Loud calls as indicators of dominance in male baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 53:374–84. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Klein, R. G. (1989) The human career: Human biological and cultural origins. University of Chicago Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Knight, C. (2002) Language and revolutionary consciousness. In: The transition to language, ed. Wray, A., pp. 138–60. Oxford University Press. [CK]Google Scholar
Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Hurford, J. R., eds. (2000) The evolutionary emergence of language: Social function and the origins of linguistic form. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kochman, T. (1969) “Rapping” in the black ghetto. Trans-action 6:26–34. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Kochman, T. (1971) Cross-cultural communication: Contrasting perspectives, conflicting sensibilities. Florida FL Reporter 9:3–17. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Kochman, T. (1983) The boundary between play and on play in black verbal dueling. Language in Society 12:329–37. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Kohlberg, L., LaCrosse, J. & Ricks, D. (1972) The predictability of adult mental health from childhood behavior. In: Manual of child psychopathology, ed. Wolman, B. B.. McGraw-Hill. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Konner, M. J. (1976) Maternal care, infant behavior and development among the !Kung. In: Kalahari hunter-gatherers: Studies of the !Kung San and their neighbors, ed. Lee, R. B. & DeVore, I.. Harvard University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Koopmans-van Beinum, F. J. & van der Stelt, J. M. (1986) Early stages in the development of speech movements. In: Precursors of early speech, ed. Lindblom, B. & Zetterstrom, R.. Stockton. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Krauss, R. M., Freyberg, R. & Morsella, E. (2002) Inferring speakers’ physical attributes from their voices. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 38:618–25. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Krauss, R. M. & Glucksberg, S. (1969) The development of communication: Competence as a function of age. Child Development 40:255–66. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1999) Making ecological sense of song development. In: The design of animal communication, Hauser, M. D. & Konishi, M., pp. 319–42. MIT Press. [DKO]Google Scholar
Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K. A., Lacerda, F., Stevens, K. N. & Lindblom, B. (1992) Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age. Science 255:606–608. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kuiper, K. (1996) Smooth talkers: The linguistic performance of auctioneers and sportscasters. Erlbaum. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Kuiper, K. & Austin, J. P. M. (1990) They’re off and racing now: The speech of the New Zealand race caller. In: New Zealand ways of speaking English, ed. Bell, A. & Holmes, J., pp. 195–220. Multilingual Matters. [KK]Google Scholar
Kuiper, K. & Haggo, D. C. (1984) Livestock auctions, oral poetry and ordinary language. Language and Society 13:205–34. [KK]Google Scholar
Kuiper, K. & Tan, D. G. L. (1989) Cultural congruence and conflict in the acquisition of formulae in a second language. In: English across cultures: Cultures across English, ed. Garcia, O. & Otheguy, R., pp. 281–304. Mouton de Gruyter. [KK]Google Scholar
Kuiper, K. & Tillis, F. (1986) The chant of the tobacco auctioneer. American Speech 60:141–49. [KK]Google Scholar
Kurtzberg, D., Hilpert, P. L., Kreuzer, J. A. & Vaughan, H. G. Jr., (1984) Differential maturation of cortical auditory evoked potentials to speech sounds in normal fullterm and very low-birthweight infants. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 26:466–75. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Kurtzberg, D., Stapells, D. R. & Wallace, I. F. (1988) Event-related potential assessment of auditory system integrity: Implications for language development. In: Early identification of infants with developmental disabilities, ed. Viettze, P. & Vaughan, H. G. Jr.,, pp. 160–80. Grune & Stratton. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Kurtzberg, D., Vaughan, H. G. Jr., & Novak, G. P. (1986) Discriminative brain responses to speech sounds in the newborn high risk infant. In: Maturation of the CNS and evoked potentials, ed. Gallai, V., pp. 253–59. Elsevier. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Kushnerenko, E. V. (2003) Maturation of the cortical auditory event-related brain potentials in infancy. Doctoral Dissertation, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972) Sociolinguistic patterns. University of Pennsylvania Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1973) The linguistic consequences of being a lame. Language in Society 2:81–115. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Labov, W. (2001) Principles of linguistic change. Vol. 2: Social factors. Blackwell. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lai, C., Fisher, S., Hurst, J., Levy, E. R., Hodgson, S., Fox, M., Jeremiah, S., Povey, S., Jamison, D. C., Green, E. D., Vargha-Khadem, F. & Monaco, A. (2000) The SPCH1 region on human 7q31: Genomic characterization of the critical interval and localization of translocations associated with speech and language disorder. American Journal of Human Genetics 67:357–68. [LW]Google Scholar
Lai, C. S. L., Fisher, S. E., Hurst, J. A., Levy, E. R., Hodgson, S., Fox, M., Jeremiah, S., Povey, S., Jamison, D. C., Green, E. D., Vargha-Khadem, F. & Monaco, A. P. (2000) The SPCH1 region on human 7q31: Genomic characterization of the critical interval and localization of translocations associated with speech and language disorder. American Journal of Human Genetics 67:357–68. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lai, C. S. L., Fisher, S. E., Hurst, J. A., Vargha-Khadem, F. & Monaco, A. P. (2001) A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder. Nature 413:519–23. [aJLL, LW]Google Scholar
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980) Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Lancaster, J. B. & Lancaster, C. S. (1983) Parental investment: The hominid adaptation. In: How humans adapt, ed. Ortner, D. J., pp. 33–65. Smithsonian Institution Press. [aJLL, GEW]Google Scholar
Langacker, R. (1987) Foundations of cognitive grammar, vol 1. Stanford University Press. [SJ]Google Scholar
Lass, N., Ruscello, D., Bradshaw, K. & Blakenship, B. (1991a) Adolescents’ perceptions of normal and voice-disordered children. Journal of Communication Disorders 24:267–74. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lass, N. J., Ruscello, D. M., Stout, L. L. & Hoffmann, F. M. (1991b) Peer perceptions of normal and voice-disordered children. Folia Phoniatrica 43:29–35. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lee, P. C. & Bowman, J. E. (1995) Influence of ecology and energetics on primate mothers and infants. In: Motherhood in human and nonhuman primates, ed. Pryce, C. R., Martin, R. D. & Skuse, D., pp. 47–58. Karger. [SR]Google Scholar
Lee, R. B. (1979a) The !Kung San: Men, women, and work in a foraging society. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lee, R. B. (1979b) The Dobe !Kung. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Leigh, S. R. (1996) Evolution of human growth spurts. American Journal of Anthropology 101:455–74. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Leigh, S. R. (2001) The evolution of human growth. Evolutionary Anthropology 10:223–36. [rJLL]Google Scholar
LeMasters, E. E. (1975) Blue-collar aristocrats: Life-styles at a working-class tavern. University of Wisconsin Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lenti Boero, D. (1992) Alarm calls in marmots: Evidence for semantic communication. Ethology, Ecology, Evolution 4(2):125–38. [DLB]Google Scholar
Lenti Boero, D. (1997) Dal pianto alla parola: Una revisione della letteratura in una prospettiva comparata (From crying to speech: A review of literature in a comparative perspective). Ricerche di Psicologia 4:33–79. [DLB]Google Scholar
Leonard, L. (1994) Some problems facing accounts of morphological deficits in children with specific language impairment. In: Specific language impairments in children: Current directions in research and intervention, pp. 91–105, ed. Watkins, R. V. & Rice, M. L.. Paul H. Brookes. [LW]Google Scholar
Leonard, L. B. (1986) Conversation replies of children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 29:114–19. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Leonard, W. R. & Robertson, M. L. (1992) Nutritional requirements and human evolution: A bioenergetics model. American Journal of Human Biology 4:179–95. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Leonard, W. R., Robertson, M. L., Snodgrass, J. J. & Kuzawa, C. W. (2003) Metabolic correlates of hominid brain evolution. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, A. Molecular and Integrative Physiology 136(1):5–15. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Leopold, W. F. (1949) Original invention in infant language. Symposium 3:66–75. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Leutenegger, W. (1974) Functional aspects of pelvic morphology in Simian primates. Journal of Human Evolution 3:207–22. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Leutenegger, W. (1980) Encephalization and obstetrics in primates with particular reference to human evolution. In: Primate brain evolution: Methods and concepts, ed. Armstrong, E. & Falk, D.. Plenum. [aJLL]Google Scholar
LeVine, R. & LeVine, B. (1966) Nyansongo: A Gusii community in Kenya. Wiley. [aJLL]Google Scholar
LeVine, R. A. (1980) A cross-cultural perspective on parenting. In: Parenting in a multicultural society, ed. Fantini, M. D. & Cárdenas, R.. Longman. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lewis, B. A. (1990) Familial phonological disorders: Four pedigrees. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55:160–70. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lewis, B. A. & Thompson, L. A. (1992) A study of developmental speech and language disorders in twins. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 35:1086–94. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. (1991) Biology as ideology. HarperCollins. [RAG]Google Scholar
Lickliter, R. (in press) Dynamical systems and psychological science. In: Modern perspectives on J. R. Kantor and interbehaviorism, ed. Midgley, B. D. & Morris, E. K.. Greenwood Press. [LJG]Google Scholar
Lickliter, R. & Schneider, S. M. (in press) The role of development in evolutionary change: A view from comparative psychology. International Journal of Comparative Psychology. [DFB]Google Scholar
Lieberman, D. E., McCarthy, R. C., Hiiemae, K. M. & Palmer, J. B. (2001) Ontogeny of postnatal hyoid and larynx descent in humans. Archives of Oral Biology 46:117–28. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1991) Uniquely human: The evolution of speech, thought, and selfless behavior. Harvard University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. H., Klatt, D. H. & Wilson, W. H. (1969) Vocal tract limitations on the vowel repertoires of rhesus monkey and other nonhuman primates. Science 164:1185–87. [DLB]Google Scholar
Liégeois, F., Baldeweg, T., Connelly, A., Gadian, D. G., Mishkin, M. & Vargha-Khadem, F. (2003) Language fMRI abnormalities associated with FOXP2 gene mutation. Nature Neuroscience 6:1230–38. [aJLL, LW]Google Scholar
Lieven, E. V. M., Pine, J. M. & Dresner Barnes, H. (1992) Individual differences in early vocabulary development: Redefining the referential-expressive distinction. Journal of Child Language 19:287–310. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Lindburg, D. G. (1982) Primate obstetrics: The biology of birth. American Journal of Primatology, Supplement 1:193–99. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Linell, P. (1982) The written language bias in linguistics: Its nature, origins and transformations. University of Linköping Press. [SJC, arJLL]Google Scholar
Linell, P. (2005) The written language bias in linguistics: Its nature, origins and transformations. Routledge. (Reprint, revised edition). [rJLL]Google Scholar
Linell, P. (2005) (in press) Dialogical language, dialogical minds, dialogical brains. Language Sciences. [SJC]Google Scholar
Linn, G. W. & Caruso, A. J. (1998) Perspectives on the effects of stuttering on the formation and maintenance of intimate relationships. Journal of Rehabilitation 64:12–15. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Littleton, J. (2005) Fifty years of chimpanzee demography at Taronga Park Zoo. American Journal of Primatology 67:281–98. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Livingstone, F. B. (1973) Did the australopithecines sing? Current Anthropology 14: 25–29. [RBE]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1983) Phonological acquisition and change. Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1985) The role of phonetic factors in parent reference. Journal of Child Language 12:215–20. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1990) Structure and stimulation in the ontogeny of spoken language. Developmental Psychobiology 23:621–44. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1993) The child's path to spoken language. Harvard University Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1994a) Development of the capacity for spoken language. In: Handbook of child language, ed. Fletcher, P. & MacWhinney, B., pp. 278–302. Blackwell. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1994b) Phases in the development of linguistic capacity. In: Evolution and neurology of language. Discussions in Neuroscience, vol. 10, ed. Gajdusek, D. C., McKhann, G. M. & Bolis, C. L., pp. 26–33. Elsevier. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1994c) The biological building blocks of spoken language. In: Causal mechanisms of behavioural development, ed. Hogan, J. & Bolhuis, J., pp. 300–24. Cambridge University Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1995) The child's path to spoken language, 2nd edition. Harvard University Press. [KW]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1997) A theory of neurolinguistic development. Brain and Language 58:265–326. [arJLL, KW]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1998a) Are developmental language disorders primarily grammatical? Speculations from an evolutionary model. In: Exploring the speech-language connection, ed. Paul, R.. Paul H. Brookes. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1998b) Social sound-making as a precursor to spoken language. In: Approaches to the evolution of language: Social and cognitive bases, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Knight, C.. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1998c) The de-voicing of society. Simon & Schuster. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1999) Towards a biological science of language development. In: The development of language, ed. Barrett, M., pp. 373–95. Psychology Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (2000a) Movement patterns in spoken language. Science 288:449–50. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (2000b) Rank and relationships in the evolution of spoken language. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 7:37–50. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (2002) Dancing with humans: Interaction as unintended consequence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25(5):632–33. [Commentary on Shanker, S. G. & King, B. J. (2002) The emergence of a new paradigm in ape language research. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25(5):605–20.] [rJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (2004a) How do infants come to control the organs of speech? In: Speech motor control in normal and disordered speech, ed. Maassen, B., Kent, R. D., Peters, H. F. M., van Lieshout, P. H. H. M. & Hulstijn, W.. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (2004b) Trickle up phonetics: A vocal role for the infant. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27(4):516. [Commentary on Falk, D. (2004) Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: Whence motherese? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27(4):491–503.] [aJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (2005) Looking for, looking at: Social control, honest signals, and intimate experience in human evolution and history. In: Animal communication networks, ed. McGregor, P. K.. Cambridge University Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (2006) Parental selection of vocal behavior: Crying, cooing, babbling, and the evolution of language. Human Nature 17:155–68. [DKO, arJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (2006) (in press a) Bimodal signaling in infancy: Motor behavior, reference, and the evolution of spoken language. Interaction Studies. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (2006) (in press b) Lipsmacking and babbling: Syllables, sociality, and survival. In: Syllable development: The frame/content theory and beyond, ed. Davis, B. L. & Zajdo, K.. Erlbaum. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. & Hauser, M. D. (1999) Sex and status effects on primate volubility: Clues to the origin of vocal languages? Evolution and Human Behavior 20:151–58. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. & Snow, C. E. (1997) Social influences on vocal learning in human and nonhuman primates. In: Social influences on vocal development, ed. Snowdon, C. & Hausberger, M., pp. 274–92. Cambridge University Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Lord, A. B. (1960) The singer of tales. Harvard University Press. [KK]Google Scholar
Lorenz, K. (1970) Companions as factors in the bird's environment. In: Studies in animal and human behaviour, vol. 1, trans. Martin, R., ed. Lorenz, K., pp. 101–258. Harvard University Press. (Original work published 1935.) [WMS]Google Scholar
Love, N. (2004) Cognition and the language myth. Language Sciences 26/6:525–44. [SJC]Google Scholar
Luerssen, M. H. & Powers, D. M. W. (2003) On the artificial evolution of neural graph grammars. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cognitive Science, University of New South Wales, July 2003, ed. Slezak, P., pp. 369–77. University of New South Wales Press. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Lutchmaya, S., Baron-Cohen, S. & Raggatt, P. (2002) Foetal testosterone and vocabulary size in 18- and 24-month-old human infants. Infant Behavior and Development 24:418–24. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Lykken, D. T. (1982) Research with twins: The concept of emergenesis. Psychophysiology 19:361–73. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Maccoby, E. E. & Jacklin, C. M. (1974) The psychology of sex differences. Stanford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
MacDonald, K. & Hershberger, S. (2005) Theoretical issues in the study of evolution and development. In: Evolutionary perspectives on human development, 2nd edition, ed. Burgess, R. & MacDonald, K., pp. 21–72. Sage. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Macias Garcia, C. & Ramirez, E. (2005) Evidence that sensory traps can evolve into honest signals. Nature 434:501–505. [rJLL]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. (1998) The frame/content theory of evolution of speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21(4):499–511. [aJLL]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (2000) On the origin of internal structure of word forms. Science 288:527–31. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. (1922/1984) Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An account of native enterprise and adventure in the archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. Routledge and Kegan Paul/Waveland Press. [KK, aJLL]Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. (1923) The problem of meaning in primitive languages. In: The meaning of meaning, ed. Ogden, C. K. & Richards, I. A., pp. 451–510. Harcourt. [WMS]Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. (1935) Coral gardens and their magic: A study of the methods of tilling the soil and of agricultural rites in the Trobriand Islands. Vol. 2: The language of magic and gardening. American Book Company. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Maranda, E. K. (1976) Riddles and riddling. Journal of American Folklore 89:127–37. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Marchman, V., Bates, E., Burkhardt, A. & Good, A. (1991) Functional constraints on the acquisition of the passive: Toward a model of the competence to perform. First Language 11:65–92. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Marcus, G. F. & Fisher, S. E. (2003) FOXP2 in focus: What can genes tell us about speech and language? Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7:257–62. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1991) The instinct to learn. In: The epigenesis of mind: Essays on biology and cognition, ed. Carey, S. & Gelman, R.. Erlbaum. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Marsh, P. (1978) Aggro: The illusion of violence. Dent. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Martin, R. D. (1983) Human brain evolution in an ecological context. The 52nd James Arthur Lecture, American Museum of Natural History, New York. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Martin, R. D. (1990) Primate origins and evolution: A phylogenetic reconstruction. Princeton University Press. [DKO]Google Scholar
Matsuzawa, T. (1996) Field experiments on use of stone tools in the wild. In: Chimpanzee cultures, ed. Wrangham, R. E., McGrew, W. C., de Waal, F. B. M. & Heltne, P. G.. Harvard University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1969) The status of neo-Darwinism. In: Towards a theoretical biology, vol. 2: Sketches, ed. Waddington, C. H.. Aldine. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1972) Sexual selection and natural selection. In: Sexual selection and the descent of man 1871–1971, ed. Campbell, B.. Aldine. [aJLL]Google Scholar
McBrearty, S. & Jablonski, N. G. (2005) First fossil chimpanzee. Nature 437:105–108. [rJLL]Google Scholar
McDonald, S. (2000) Neuropsychological studies of sarcasm. Metaphor and Symbol 15:85–98. [aJLL]Google Scholar
McDowell, J. H. (1979) Children's riddling. Indiana University Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
McGhee, P. E. (1976) Sex differences in children's humor. Journal of Communication 26:176–89. [rJLL]Google Scholar
McGhee, P. E. (1979) Humor: Its origin and development. W. H. Freeman. [aJLL]Google Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (1975) Patterns of plant food sharing by wild chimpanzees. In: Contemporary primatology, ed. Kondo, S., Kawai, M. & Ehara, A., pp. 304–309. S. Karger. [GEW]Google Scholar
McGuire, B. (1988) The effects of cross-fostering on parental behavior of meadow voles. Journal of Mammalogy 69:332–41. [RAG]Google Scholar
McHenry, H. M. (1975) Biomechanical interpretation of the early hominid hip. Journal of Human Evolution 4:343–55. [aJLL]Google Scholar
McIntosh, M. K. (1998) Controlling misbehavior in England, 1370–1600. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
McKinney, M. L. (2000) Evolving behavioral complexity by extending development. In: Biology, brains, and behavior: The evolution of human development, ed. Parker, S. T., Langer, J. & McKinney, M. L., pp. 25–40. School of American Research Press. [rJLL, SR]Google Scholar
McKinney, M. L. & McNamara, K. J. (1991) Heterochrony: The evolution of ontogeny. Plenum Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
McTear, M. F. & Conti-Ramsden, G. (1992) Pragmatic disability in children. Singular. [aJLL]Google Scholar
McWhorter, J. H. (1997) Toward a new model of Creole genesis. Peter Lang. [SR]Google Scholar
Mealey, L. (2000) Sex differences: Development and evolutionary strategies. Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Mech, L. D. (1970) The wolf: The ecology and behavior of an endangered species. Natural History Press. [GEW]Google Scholar
Mehler, J., Jusczyk, P. W., Lambertz, G., Halsted, N., Bertoncini, J. & Amiel-Tison, C. (1988) A precursor of language acquisition in young infants. Cognition 29:143–78. [DLB, DMWP]Google Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. (1990) Foundations for developing a concept of self: The role of imitation in relating self to other and the value of social mirroring, social modeling, and self practice in infancy. In: The self in transition: Infancy to childhood, ed. Cicchetti, D. & Beeghly, M.. University of Chicago Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Mel’čuk, I. (1995) Phrasemes in language and phraseology in linguistics. In: Idioms: Structural and psychological perspectives, ed. Everaert, M., van der Linden, E.-J., Schenk, A. & Schroeder, R., pp. 167–232. Erlbaum. [KK]Google Scholar
Merker, B. (2000) Synchronous chorusing and human origins. In: The origins of music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B. & Brown, S., pp. 315–27. MIT Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Mey, J. L. (1985) Whose language: A study in linguistic pragmatics. John Benjamins. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Miller, G. (2000) The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. William Heinemann/Anchor Books/Doubleday. [SJ, PK, aJLL, DKO]Google Scholar
Miller, J. D. (1977) Perception of speech sounds in animals: Evidence for speech processing by mammalian auditory mechanisms. In: Dahlem workshop on recognition of complex acoustic signals: Life Sciences Report 5, ed. Bullock, T., pp. 49–58. Abakon. [DLB]Google Scholar
Miller, P. M., Danaher, D. L. & Forbes, D. (1986) Sex-related strategies for coping with interpersonal conflict in children aged five and seven. Developmental Psychology 22:543–48. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Mirsky, J. (1937) The Eskimo of Greenland. In: Cooperation and competition among primitive peoples, ed. Mead, M.. Beacon Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Mitchell-Kernan, C. (1973) Signifying. In: Mother wit from the laughing barrel, ed. Dundes, A.. Prentice-Hall. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Mithen, S. (1996) The prehistory of the mind: A search for the origins of art, religion and science. Thames and Hudson. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Mithen, S. 2005) The singing Neanderthals: The origins of music, language, mind and body. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. [BJK, rJLL]Google Scholar
Mivart, St. G. (1871) On the genesis of species. Macmillan. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Montague, M. F. A. (1962) Time morphology, and neoteny in the evolution of man. In: Culture and the evolution of man, ed. Montague, M. F. A., pp. 324–42. Oxford University Press. [SR]Google Scholar
Moore, M. M. (1985) Nonverbal courtship patterns in women: Context and consequences. Ethology and Sociobiology 6:237–47. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Moore, M. M. (1995) Courtship signaling and adolescents: “Girls just wanna have fun”? Journal of Sex Research 32:319–28. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Moore, M. M. (2002) Courtship communication and perception. Perceptual and Motor Skills 94:97–105. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Moore, M. M. & Butler, D. L. (1989) Predictive aspects of nonverbal courtship behavior in women. Semiotica 76:205–15. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Moore, T. E., ed. (1973) Cognitive development and the acquisition of language. Academic Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Morisset, C. E., Barnard, K. E. & Booth, C. L. (1995) Toddlers’ language development: Sex differences within social risk. Developmental Psychology 31:851–65. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Morse, P. A. & Snowdon, C. T. (1975) An investigation of categorical speech discrimination by rhesus monkeys. Perception and Psychophysics 17:9–16. [DLB]Google Scholar
Morton, T. L. (1978) Intimacy and reciprocity of exchange: A comparison of spouses and strangers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36:72–81. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Mowrer, D., Wahl, P. & Doolan, S. (1978) Effects of lisping on audience evaluation of male speakers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 43:140–48. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Mulac, A. (1989) Men's and women's talk in same-gender and mixed-gender dyads: Power or polemic? Journal of Language and Social Psychology 8:249–70. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Muller, M. N. & Wrangham, R.W. (2004) Dominance, aggression and testosterone in wild chimpanzees: A test of the “challenge hypothesis.” Animal Behaviour 67:113–23. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Nauclér, K. & Magnusson, E. (2002) How do preschool language problems affect language abilities in adolescence? In: Investigations in clinical phonetics and linguistics, ed. Windsor, F., Kelly, M. L. & Hewlett, N.. Erlbaum. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Nazzi, T., Bertoncini, J. & Mehler, J. (1998) Language discrimination by newborns: Toward an understanding of the role of rhythm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24:756–66. [KW]Google Scholar
Neisser, U., ed. (1998) The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures. American Psychological Association. [DFB]Google Scholar
Nelson, K. (1996) Language in cognition: The emergence of the mediated mind. Cambridge University Press. [SJC]Google Scholar
Nelson, K. (1973) Structure and strategy in learning to talk. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 38, 1–2 (Serial no. 149). [rJLL]Google Scholar
Nelson, K. (1981) Individual differences in language development: Implications for development and language. Developmental Psychology 17:170–87. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Nelson, K. (1996) Memory development from 4 to 7 years. In: The five to seven year shift: The age of reason and responsibility, ed. Sameroff, A. J. & Haith, M. M.. University of Chicago Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Nelson, K. & Fivush, R. (2004) The emergence of autobiographical memory: A social cultural developmental theory. Psychological Review 111(2):486–511. [SR]Google Scholar
Nelson, K. & Shaw, L. K. (2002). Developing a socially shared symbolic system. In: Language, literacy and cognitive development, ed.Byrnes, J. & Amseli, E., pp. 27–57. Erlbaum. [SJ]Google Scholar
Newbury, D. F., Bonora, E., Lamb, J. A., Fisher, S. E., Lai, C. S. L., Baird, G., Jannoun, L., Slonims, V., Stott, C. M., Merricks, M. J., Bolton, P. F., Bailey, A. J., Monaco, A. P. & the International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium. (2002) FOXP2 is not a major susceptibility gene for autism or specific language impairment. American Journal of Human Genetics 70:1318–27. [LW]Google Scholar
Newmeyer, F. J. (2004) Grammar is grammar and usage is usage. Language 80:682–707. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Newport, E. (1981) Constraints on structure: evidence from American Sign Language and language learning. In: Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, vol. 14: Aspects of the development of competence, ed. Collins, W. A., pp. 93–124. Erlbaum. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Ninio, A. & Snow, C. (1996) Pragmatic development. Westview Press. [SR]Google Scholar
Ninio, A., Snow, C., Pan, B. A. & Rollins, P. R. (1994) Classifying communicative acts in children's interactions. Journal of Communication Disorders 27:158–87. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Nippold, M. (1998) Later language development: The school-age and adolescent years, 2nd edition. Pro-ed. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Nippold, M. A. & Taylor, C. L. (2002) Judgments of idiom familiarity and transparency: A comparison of children and adolescents. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45:384–91. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Nishida, T., Takasaki, H. & Takahata, Y. (1990) Demography and reproductive profiles. In: The chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and life history strategies, ed. Nishida, T., pp. 63–97. University of Tokyo Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Northcutt, R. G. (1990) Ontogeny and phylogeny: A re-evaluation of conceptual relationships and some applications. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 36(2-3):116–40. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Nowak, M. A. & Komarova, N. L. (2001) Towards an evolutionary theory of language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5:288–95. [HB]Google Scholar
Odling-Smee, F. J., Laland, K. N. & Feldman, M. W. (2003) Niche construction: The neglected process in evolution. Princeton University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Ohala, J. J. (2005) Phonetic explanations for sound patterns. Implications for grammars of competence. In: A figure of speech: A festschrift for John Laver, ed. Hardcastle, W. J. & Beck, J. M., pp. 23–38. Erlbaum. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Oller, D.K. (2000) The emergence of the capacity for speech. Erlbaum. [aJLL,DKO]Google Scholar
Oller, D.K. (2004) Underpinnings for a theory of communicative evolution. In: The evolution of communication systems: A comparative approach, ed. Oller, D. K. & Griebel, U., pp. 49–65. MIT Press. [aJLL, DKO]Google Scholar
Oller, D. K., Eilers, R. E., Neal, A. R. & Schwartz, H. K. (1999) Precursors to speech in infancy: The prediction of speech and language disorders. Journal of Communication Disorders 32:223–45. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Oller, D. K. & Griebel, U. (2005) Contextual freedom in human infant vocalization and the evolution of language. In: Evolutionary perspectives on human development, ed. Burgess, R. & MacDonald, K., pp. 135–66. Sage Publications. [DKO]Google Scholar
Oller, D. K. & Griebel, U., eds. (2004) The evolution of communication systems: A comparative approach. MIT Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Olsson, R. & Powers, D. (2003) Machine learning of human language through automatic programming In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cognitive Science, University of New South Wales, July 2003, ed. Slezak, P., pp. 507–12. University of New South Wales Press. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Ong, W. J. (1982) Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word. Methuen. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (2001) What is developmental systems theory? In: Cycles of contingency: Developmental systems and evolution, ed. Oyama, S., Griffiths, P. E. & Gray, R. D., pp. 1–12. MIT Press. [LJG]Google Scholar
Oyama, S., Griffiths, P. E. & Gray, R. D. (2001) Cycles of contingency: Developmental systems and evolution. MIT Press. [LJG]Google Scholar
Paine, R. L. & Hawkes, K., eds. (2006) The evolution of human life history. School of American Research. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Palombit, R. A., Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R.M. (1999) Male grunts as mediators of social interaction with females in wild chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus). Behaviour 136:221–42. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Papoušek, M. & Papoušek, H. (1981) Musical elements in the infant's vocalization: Their significance for communication, cognition, and creativity. In: Advances in infancy research, vol. 1, ed. Lipsitt, L. P.. Ablex. [DLB]Google Scholar
Paradis, M., ed. (1998) Pragmatics in neurogenic communication disorders. Pergamon. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Parker, S. T. (2000) Homo erectus infancy and childhood: The turning point in the evolution of behavioral development in hominids. In Biology, brains, and behavior: The evolution of human development, ed. Parker, S. T., Langer, J. & McKinney, M. L., pp. 279–318. School of American Research Press. [BJK]Google Scholar
Passes, A. (2004) The place of politics: Powerful speech and women speakers in everyday Pa’ikwené (Palikur) life. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 10:1–18. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Paul, R. (1995) Language disorders from infancy through adolescence:Assessment and intervention. Mosby. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Pavelka, M. S. & Fedigan, L. M. (1991) Menopause: A comparative life history perspective. Yearbook in Physical Anthropology 34:13–38. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Pawlby, S. J. (1977) Imitative interaction. In: Studies in mother-infant interaction, ed. Schaffer, H. R.. Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Pawley, A. (1991) How to talk cricket: On linguistic competence in a subject matter. In: Currents in Pacific linguistics: Papers on Austronesian languages and ethnolinguistics in honour of George W. Grace, ed. Blust, R., pp. 339–68. Pacific Linguistics, Series C-117. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Pedersen, M. F., Møller, S., Krabbe, S. & Bennett, P. (1986) Fundamental voice frequency measured by electroglottography during continuous speech: A new exact secondary sex characteristic in boys in puberty. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 11:21–27. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Pedersen, M. F., Møller, S., Krabbe, S., Bennett, P. & Svenstrup, B. (1990) Fundamental voice frequency in female puberty measured with electroglottography during continuous speech as a secondary sex characteristic: A comparison between voice, pubertal stages, oestrogens and androgens. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 20:17–24. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Peek, P. (1981) The power of words in African verbal arts. The Journal of American Folklore 94:19–43. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. (1981) Functional vocalizations by an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 55:139–60. [DLB]Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. (1983) Cognition in the African Grey parrot: Preliminary evidence for auditory/ vocal comprehension of the class concept. Animal Learning and Behavior 11:179–85. [DLB]Google Scholar
Pereira, M. E. (1993) Evolution of the juvenile period in mammals. In: Juvenile primates: Life history, development, and behavior, ed. Pereira, M. E. & Fairbanks, L. A., pp. 17–27. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Pereira, M. E. & Altmann, J. (1985) Development of social behavior in free-living nonhuman primates. In: Nonhuman primate models for human growth and development, ed. Watts, E. S., pp. 217–309. Alan R. Liss. [aJLL, GEW]Google Scholar
Pereira, M. E. & Fairbanks, L. A., eds. (1993) Juvenile primates: Life history, development, and behavior. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Peters, A. M. (1983) The units of language acquisition. Cambridge University Press. [KK]Google Scholar
Philbrick, F. A. (1949) Language and the law: The semantics of forensic English. Macmillan. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Pinker, S. (1999) Words and rules. Basic Books. [LW]Google Scholar
Pinker, S. & Bloom, P. (1990) Natural language and natural selection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:707–84. [aJLL, DKO]Google Scholar
Pinker, S. & Jackendoff, R. (2005). The faculty of language: What's special about it? Cognition 95:201–236. [LW]Google Scholar
Place, K. S. & Becker, J. A. (1991) The influence of pragmatic competence on the likeability of grade-school children. Discourse Processes 14:227–41. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Plant, G. (1984) The effects of an acquired profound hearing loss on speech production. British Journal of Audiology 18:39–48. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Plant, T. M. & Barker-Gibb, M. L. (2004) Neurobiological mechanisms of puberty in higher primates. Human Reproduction Update 10:67–77. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Plavcan, J. & van Schaik, C. (1997) Interpreting hominid behavior on the basis of sexual dimorphism. Journal of Human Evolution 32:345–74. [PK]Google Scholar
Ploog, D. W. (1992) The evolution of vocal communication. In: Nonverbal vocal communication, ed. Papoušek, H., Jurgens, U. & Papoušek, M., pp. 6–30. Cambridge University Press. [DLB]Google Scholar
Plummer, T. (2004) Flaked stones and old bones: Biological and cultural evolution at the dawn of technology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Suppl. 39:118–64. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Popper, K. (1963) Conjectures and refutations, Routledge and Kegan Paul. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Potts, R. (1988) Early hominid activities at Olduvai. Aldine de Gruyter. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Power, C. & Aiello, L. C. (1997) Female proto-symbolic strategies. In: Women in human evolution, ed. Hager, L. D., pp. 153–71. Routledge. [CK]Google Scholar
Powers, D. M. W. (1992) On the significance of closed classes and boundary conditions: Experiments in lexical and syntactic learning. In: Background and experiments in machine learning of natural language: First SHOE workshop, ITK Proceedings 92/1, Tilburg University, The Netherlands, ed. Daelemans, W. & Powers, D. M. W., pp. 245–66. Available at: http://www.infoeng.flinders.edu.au/papers/19920001.pdf. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Powers, D. M. W. & Turk, C. C. R. (1989) Machine learning of natural language. Springer-Verlag. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Prader, A. (1984) Biomedical and endocrinological aspects of normal growth and development. In: Human growth and development, ed. Borms, J., Hauspie, R., Sand, A., Susanne, C. & Hebbelinck, M.. Plenum. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Prader, A., Tanner, J. M. & Von Harnack, G. A. (1963) Catch-up growth following illness or starvation. Journal of Paediatrics 62:646–59. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Premack, D. (2004) Is language the key to human intelligence? Science 303: 318–20. [JVH]Google Scholar
Prince, C. G., Helder, N. & Hollich, G. (2005) Ongoing emergence: A core concept in epigenetic robotics. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Epigenetic Robotics: Modeling cognitive development in robotic systems, Nara, Japan. ed. Berthouze, L., Kaplan, F., Kozima, H., Yano, H., Konczak, J., Metta, G., Nadel, J., Sandini, G., Stojanov, G., & Balkaneius, C., pp. 63–70. Lund University Cognitive Studies. [LJG]Google Scholar
Prince, C. G. & Hollich, G. (2005) Synching models with infants: A perceptual-level model of infant audio-visual synchrony detection. Journal of Cognitive Systems Research 6:205–28. Available at: http://www.cprince.com/PubRes/JCSR04. [LJG]Google Scholar
Promislow, D. & Harvey, P. (1990) Living fast and dying young: A comparative analysis of life-history variation among mammals. Journal of Zoology, London 220:417–37. [PK]Google Scholar
Prutting, C. A. & Kirchner, D. M. (1987) A clinical appraisal of the pragmatic aspects of language. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 52:105–19. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Pusey, A. (1983) Mother-offspring relationships in chimpanzees after weaning. Animal Behavior 31:363–77. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Putallaz, M. & Gottman, J. M. (1981) Social skills and group acceptance. In: The development of children's friendships, ed. Asher, S. R. & Gottman, J. M.. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Puts, D. A. (2005) Mating context and menstrual phase affect women's preferences for male voice pitch. Evolution and Human Behavior 26:388–97. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Puts, D. A., Gaulin, S. J. C. & Verdolini, K. (2005) Dominance and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in human voice pitch. Evolution and Human Behavior 27:283–96. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Raffaelli, M. & Duckett, E. (1989) “We were just talking …” – Conversations in early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 18:567–82. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Ragir, S. (1985) Retarded development: The evolutionary mechanism underlying the emergence of the human capacity for language. Journal of Mind and Behavior 6(4):451–68. [SR]Google Scholar
Ragir, S. (2001a) Changes in perinatal conditions selected for neonatal immaturity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24(2):291–92. [SR]Google Scholar
Ragir, S. (2001b) Toward an understanding of the relationship between bipedal walking, encephalization, and language origins. In: Language evolution: Biological, linguistic and philosophical perspectives, ed. Gyori, G., pp. 73–99. Peter Lang. [SR]Google Scholar
Ragir, S. (2002) Constraints on communities with indigenous sign languages: Clues to the dynamics of language origins. In: The transition to language, ed. Wray, A., pp. 272–94. Oxford University Press. [HB]Google Scholar
Ramirez Rozzi, F. V. & Bermudez De Castro, J. M. (2004) Surprisingly rapid growth in Neanderthals. Nature 428:936–99. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Ramus, F., Hauser, M. D., Miller, C., Morris, D. & Mehler, J. (2000) Language discrimination by human newborns and by cotton-top tamarin monkeys. Science 288:349–51. [KW]Google Scholar
Ray, G. B. (1986) Vocally cued personality prototypes: An implicit personality theory approach. Communication Monographs 53:266–76. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Reay, M. (1959) The Kuma: Freedom and conformity in the New Guinea Highlands. Melbourne University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Reddy, M. J. (1993) The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language. In Metaphor and thought, ed. Ortony, A., pp. 164–201. Cambridge University Press. [BJK]Google Scholar
Reed, V. A., Bradfield, M. & McAllister, L. (1998) The relative importance of selected communication skills for successful adolescent peer interactions: Speech pathologists’ opinions. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 12:205–20. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Reed, V. A. & Spicer, L. (2003) The relative importance of selected communication skills for adolescents’ interactions with their teachers: High school teachers’ opinions. Language Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 34:343–57. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Relethford, J. (2006) The human species: an introduction to biological anthropology, 6th edition. McGraw-Hill. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Rice, M. (1993) “Don't talk to him; he's weird.” A social consequences account of language and social interactions. In: Enhancing children's communication: Research foundations for intervention, ed. Kaiser, A. P. & Gray, D. B.. Paul H. Brookes. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Richman, B. (1980) Did human speech originate in coordinated vocal music? Semiotica 32:233–44. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Richman, B. (1987) Rhythm and melody in gelada vocal exchanges. Primates 28:199–223. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Richman, B. (2000) How music fixed “nonsense” into significant formulas: On rhythm, repetition, and meaning. In: The origins of music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B. & Brown, S.. MIT Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Rimpau, J. B., Gardner, R. A. & Gardner, B. T. (1989). Expression of person, place, and instrument in ASL utterances of children and chimpanzees. In: Teaching sign language to chimpanzees, ed. Gardner, R. A., Gardner, B. T. & Van Cantfort, T. E.. State University of New York Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Rivers, W. H. R. (1907) The marriage of cousins in India. Journal of the Asiatic Society 611–940. [IB]Google Scholar
Roazzi, A., Dowker, A. & Bryant, P. (1993) Phonological abilities of Brazilian street poets. Applied Psycholinguistics 14(4):535–51. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Roazzi, A., Dowker, A. & Bryant, P. E. (1994) Metalinguistic awareness in Brazilian bards. In: Journeys into cross-cultural psychology, ed. Bouvy, A. & Van de Vijver, F. J. R., pp. 83–85. Lisse. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Robb, M. P., Hughes, M. C. & Frese, D. J. (1985) Oral diadochokinesis in hearing-impaired adolescents. Journal of Communication Disorders 18:79–89. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Rochat, P., Querido, J. G. & Striano, T. (1999) Emerging sensitivity to the timing and structure of protoconversation in early infancy. Developmental Psychology 35:950–57. [SR]Google Scholar
Rogoff, B. (1996) Developmental transitions in children's participation in sociocultural activities. In: The five to seven year shift: The age of reason and responsibility, ed. Sameroff, A. J. & Haith, M. M.. University of Chicago Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Ross, D. (in press) Homo sapiens as ecologically special: What does language contribute? Language Sciences. [SJC]Google Scholar
Rowley, I. & Chapman, G. (1986) Cross-fostering, imprinting and learning in two sympatric species of cockatoos. Behaviour 96:1–16. [RAG]Google Scholar
Ruscello, D. M., Lass, N. J. & Podbesek, J. (1988) Listeners’ perceptions of normal and voice-disordered children. Folia Phoniatrica 40:290–96. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Rutter, M. & O’Connor, T. G. (2004) Are there biological programming effects for psychological development? Findings from a study of Romanian adoptees. Developmental Psychology 40:81–94. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Ruzza, B., Rocca, F., Lenti Boero, D. & Lenti, C. (2003) Investigating the musical qualities of early infant sounds. In: The Neurosciences and music: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 999, ed. Avanzini, G., Faienza, C., Minciacchi, D., Lopez, L. & Majno, L., pp. 527–30. The New York Academy of Sciences. [DLB]Google Scholar
Sachs, J. (1987) Preschool boys’ and girls’ language use in pretend play. In: Language, gender, and sex in comparative perspective, ed. Philips, S. U., Steele, S. & Tanz, C.. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Sachs, J., Lieberman, P. & Erickson, D. (1973) Anatomical and cultural determinants of male and female speech. In: Language attitudes: Current trends and prospects, ed. Shuy, R. W. & Fasold, R. W.. Georgetown University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Salmond, A. (1975) Mana makes the man: A look at Maori oratory and politics. In: Political language and oratory in traditional society, ed. Bloch, M., pp. 45–63. Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Sameroff, A. J. & Haith, M. M., eds. (1996) The five to seven year shift: The age of reason and responsibility. University of Chicago Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Sampson, B., Gabel, R. & Daniels, D. E. (2003) Relationship experiences of people who stutter. Poster presented at the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Chicago. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Sanches, M. & Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (1976) Children's traditional speech play and child language. In: Speech play: Research and resources for studying linguistic creativity, ed. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B.. University of Pennsylvania Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Sansavini, A, Bertoncini, J. & Giovanelli, G. (1997) Newborns discriminate the rhythm of multisyllabic stressed words. Developmental Psychology 33:3–11. [KW]Google Scholar
Santos-Granero, F. (1991) The power of love: The moral use of knowledge amongst the Amuesha of Central Peru. Athlone Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. & Lewin, R. (1994) Kanzi: Ape at the brink of the human mind. Wiley. [BJK]Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, S., Williams, S. L., Furuichi, T. & Kano, T. (1996) Language perceived: Paniscus branches out. In: Great ape societies, ed. McGrew, W. C., Marchant, L. F. & Nishida, T., pp. 173–84. Cambridge University Press. [DLB]Google Scholar
Scammon, R. E. (1930) The measurement of the body in childhood. In: The measurement of man, ed. Harris, J. A., Jackson, C. M., Paterson, D. G. & Scammon, R. E., pp. 173–215. University of Minnesota Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Scarr, S. & McCartney, K. (1983) How people make their own environments: A theory of genotype ∧ environment effects. Child Development 54:424–35. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Schaal, B., Tremblay, R. E., Soussignan, R. & Susman, E. J. (1996) Male testosterone linked to high social dominance but low physical aggression in early adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 34:1322–30. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Schelletter, C. & Leinonen, E. (2003) Normal and language-impaired children's use of reference: Syntactic versus pragmatic processing. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 17:335–43. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Scherer, K. R. (1979) Voice and speech correlates of perceived social influence in simulated juries. In: Language and social psychology, ed. Giles, H. & Clair, R. St.. Basil Blackwell. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Schlegel, A. & Barry, H. III, (1991) Adolescence: An anthropological inquiry. Free Press. [GEW]Google Scholar
Schleidt, W. M. (1973) Tonic communication: Continual effects of discrete signs. Journal of Theoretical Biology 42:359–86. [WMS]Google Scholar
Schleidt, W. M. (1985) Learning and the description of the environment. In: Issues in the ecology of learning, ed. Johnston, T. D. & Pietrewicz, A. T., pp. 305–25. Erlbaum. [WMS]Google Scholar
Schleidt, W. M. (1992) Biological bases of age specific behaviour – The companions in man's world. Evolution and Cognition 1:147–59. [WMS]Google Scholar
Schleidt, W. M. & Crawley, J. N. (1980) Patterns in the behavior of organisms. Journal of Social and Biological Structure 3:1–15. [WMS]Google Scholar
Schultz, A. H. (1960) Age changes in primates and their modification in man. In: Human growth, ed. Tanner, J. M., pp. 1–20. Pergamon Press. [SR]Google Scholar
Schultz, A. H. (1969) The life of primates. Universe Books. [SR]Google Scholar
Searle, J. (1972) What is a speech act? In: Language and social context: Selected readings, ed. Giglioli, P. P.. Penguin Books. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Seashore, R. H. & Eckerson, L. D. (1940) The measurement of individual differences in general English vocabularies. Journal of Educational Psychology 31:14–38. [KK]Google Scholar
Seeger, A. (1981) Nature and society in Central Brazil: The Suya Indians of Mato Grosso. Harvard University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Senghas, A. & Coppola, M. (2001) Children creating language: How Nicaraguan Sign Language acquired a spatial grammar. Psychological Science 12:323–28. [DFB, aJLL]Google Scholar
Senghas, A., Kita, S. & Ozyurek, A. (2004) Children creating core properties of language: Evidence from an emerging sign language in Nicaragua. Science 305:1779–82. [DFB, aJLL, SR]Google Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. (1976) Social relationships among adult female baboons. Animal Behaviour 24:917–38. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Seyfarth, R.M., Cheney, D. L. & Bergman, T. J. (2005) Primate social cognition and the origins of language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9:264–66. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Shanker, S. G. & King, B. J. (2002) The emergence of a new paradigm in ape language research. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25(5):605–20. [BJK]Google Scholar
Shaw, H. L. (2000) Gaze direction in conversational interactions of chimpanzees. Doctoral dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno. [RAG]Google Scholar
Shea, B. T. (1990) Dynamic morphology: Growth, life history, and ecology in primate evolution. In: Primate life history and evolution, ed. DeRousseau, J. C., pp. 543–52. Wiley-Liss. [SR]Google Scholar
Shears, L. M. & Jensema, C. J. (1969) Social acceptability of anomalous persons. Exceptional Child 36:91–96. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Sherzer, J. (1990) Verbal art in San Blas: Kuna culture through its discourse. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Sherzer, J. (2002) Speech play and verbal art. University of Texas Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Short, J. F. & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1965) Group process and gang delinquency. University of Chicago Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Short, R. V. (1976) The evolution of human reproduction. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 195:3–24. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Shostak, M. (1981) Nisa: The life and words of a !Kung woman. Vintage Books. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Shriberg, L. D., Tomblin, J. B. & McSweeny, J. L. (1999) Prevalence of speech delay in 6-year-old children and comorbidity with language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42:1461–81. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Shultz, T. R. & Horibe, F. (1974) Development of the appreciation of verbal jokes. Developmental Psychology 10:13–20. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Silk, J. (1978) Patterns of food sharing among mother and infant chimpanzees at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Folia Primatologica 29:129–41. [GEW]Google Scholar
Silk, J. (1979) Feeding, foraging, and food sharing behavior in immature chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica 31:12–42. [GEW]Google Scholar
Silverman, E. (1976) Listeners’ impressions of speakers with lateral lisps. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 41:547–52. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Silverman, F. H. & Paulus, P. G. (1989) Peer reactions to teenagers who substitute /w/ for /r/. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 20:219–21. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Simkins-Bullock, J. A. & Wildman, B. G. (1991) An investigation into the relationships between gender and language. Sex Roles 24:149–60. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Simons, E. L. (1989) Human origins. Science 245:1343–50. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Smith, B. H. (1991) Dental development and the evolution of life history in hominidae. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 86:157–74. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Smith, B. H. & Tompkins, R. L. (1995) Toward a life history of the hominidae. Annual Revue of Anthropology 25:257–79. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Smith, B. L., Brown, B. L., Strong, W. J. & Rencher, A. C. (1975) Effects of speech rate on personality perception. Language and Speech 18:145–52. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Smith, K. (2004) The evolution of vocabulary. Journal of Theoretical Biology 228:127–42. [HB]Google Scholar
Smith, K. & Hurford, J. R. (2003) Language evolution in populations: Extending the iterated learning model. In: Advances in artificial lives: Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Artificial Life, ed. Banzhaf, W., Christaller, T., Dittrich, P., Kim, J. T. & Ziegler, J., pp. 507–16. Springer. [HB]Google Scholar
Snow, C. (1977) Mother's speech research: From input to interaction. In: Talking to children, ed. Snow, C. & Ferguson, C., pp. 31–49. Cambridge University Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Snow, C. A., Pan, B. A., Imbens-Bailey, A. & Herman, J. (1996) Learning to say what one means: A longitudinal study of children's speech act use. Social Development 5:56–84. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Snyder, M. (1987) Private realities/public appearances: The psychology of self-monitoring. Freeman. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Sonnenschein, S. (1988) The development of referential communication: Speaking to different listeners. Child Development 59:694–702. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Sowell, E. R., Thompson, P. M., Tessner, K. D. & Toga, A. W. (2001) Mapping continued brain growth and gray matter density reduction in dorsal frontal cortex: Inverse relationships during postadolescent brain maturation. Journal of Neuroscience 21:8819–29. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Stamps, J. (2003) Behavioural processes affecting development: Tinbergen's fourth question comes of age. Animal Behaviour 66:1–13. [RAG]Google Scholar
Stanford, C., Allen, J. S. & Antón, S. C. (2006) Biological anthropology. Pearson Education. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Starin, E. D. (1978) Food transfer by wild titi monkeys (Callicebus torquatus torquatus). Folia Primatologica 30:145–51. [GEW]Google Scholar
Starkweather, C. W. (1987) Fluency and stuttering. Prentice Hall. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Stearns, S. (1976) Life-history tactics: A review of the ideas. Quarterly Review of Biology 51:3–47. [PK]Google Scholar
Stearns, S. C. (1992) The evolution of life histories. Oxford University Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Steels, L. (1998) Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation. In: Approaches to the evolution of language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Michael, S.-K. & Knight, C., pp. 384–404. Cambridge University Press. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Stern, D. N. (1974) Mother and infant at play: The dyadic interaction involving facial, vocal, and gaze behaviors. In: The effect of the infant on its caregiver, ed. Lewis, M. & Rosenblum, L. A., pp. 187–213. Wiley. [DKO]Google Scholar
Stothard, S. E., Snowling, M. J., Bishop, D. V. M., Chipchase, B. B. & Kaplan, C. A. (1998) Language-impaired preschoolers: A follow-up into adolescence. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41:407–18. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Strathern, A. (1971) The rope of moka: Big-men and ceremonial exchange in Mount Hagen, New Guinea. Cambridge University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Strayer, F. F. & Trudel, M. (1984) Developmental changes in the nature and function of social dominance among young children. Ethology and Sociobiology 5:279–95. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1991) Language development from an evolutionary perspective. In: Biological and behavioral determinants of language development, ed. Krasnegor, N. A., Rumbaugh, D. M., Schiefelbusch, R. L. & Studdert-Kennedy, M., pp. 5–28. Erlbaum. [LJG, aJLL]Google Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1998) The particulate origins of language generativity: From syllable to gesture. In: Approaches to the evolution of language: Social and cognitive biases, ed. Hurford, J. R., M. Studdert-Kennedy & Knight, C., pp. 202–21. Cambridge University Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. (2005) How did language go discrete? In: Language origins: Perspectives on evolution, ed. Tallerman, M., pp. 48–67. Oxford University Press. [arJLL]Google Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Goldstein, L. (2003) Launching language: The gestural origin of discrete infinity. In: Language evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. & Kirby, S.. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Sutton, J. (2004) Cognitive conceptions of language and the development of autobiographical memory. Language and Communication 22:375–90. [SJC]Google Scholar
Tallerman, M., ed. (2005) Language origins: Perspectives on evolution. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Tambiah, S. J. (1983) The magical power of words. Man 3:175–208. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Tanner, J. M. (1962) Growth and adolescence, 2nd edition. Blackwell. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Tanner, J. M., Wilson, M. E. & Reedman, C. G. (1990) Pubertal growth in the female rhesus monkey: Relation to menarche and skeletal maturation. American Journal of Human Biology 2:101–106. [GEW]Google Scholar
Tardieu, C. (1998) Short adolescence in early hominids: Infantile and adolescent growth of the human femur. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 197:163–78. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Taupin, P. & Gage, F. H. (2002) Adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells of the central nervous system in mammals. Journal of Neuroscience Research 69:745–49. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R. & Updegraff, J. A. (2000) Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review 107:411–29. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Teleki, G. E., Hunt, E. & Pfifferling, J. H. (1976) Demographic observations (1963-1973) on the chimpanzees of the Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution 5:559–98. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Temkin, O. trans. Soranus of Ephesus (1956) How to recognize the newborn that is worth rearing. In: Soranus’ gynecology. Johns Hopkins University Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Thelen, E. & Smith, L. (1994) A dynamic systems approach to the development of cognition and action. MIT Press. [LJG]Google Scholar
Thelen, E. & Smith, L. B. (1998) Dynamic systems theories. In: Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development, 5th edition, ed. Lerner, R. M., pp. 563–634. Wiley. [LJG]Google Scholar
Thomas, M. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2002) Are developmental disorders like cases of adult brain damage? Implications from connectionist modelling. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25(6):727–50. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Titze, I. (1989) Physiologic and acoustic differences between male and female voices. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85:1699–707. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Titze, I. R. (1994) Principles of voice production. Prentice Hall. [DLB]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1999) The cultural origins of human cognition. Harvard University Press. [SJC, SR]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2003) Constructing a language: A usage-based theory of language acquisition. Harvard University Press. [SJC]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. & Call, J. (1997) Primate cognition. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, J., Behne, T. & Moll, H. (2005) Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28:675–91. [SJ, aJLL]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M., George, B., Kruger, A., Farrar, J. & Evans, E. (1985) The development of gestural communication in young chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution 14:175–86. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M., Gust, D. & Frost, G. T. (1989) The development of gestural communication in young chimpanzees: A follow up. Primates 30:35–50. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Tomblin, J. B., Records, N. L., Buckwalter, P., Zhang, X., Smith, E. & O’Brien, M. (1997) Prevalence of specific language impairment in kindergarten children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40:1245–60. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Tomblin, J. B., Records, N. L. & Zhang, X. (1996) A system for the diagnosis of specific language impairment in kindergarten children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 39:1284–94. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Trevarthen, C. (1979) Communication and cooperation in early infancy. A description of primary intersubjectivity. In: Before speech: The beginnings of human communication, ed. Bullowa, M., pp. 321–47. Cambridge University Press. [DKO]Google Scholar
Trevarthen, C. (1988) Universal co-operative motives: How infants begin to know the language and skills of the language of their parents. In: Acquiring culture, ed. Jahoda, G. & Lewis, I., pp. 37–91. Croom Helm. [SJC]Google Scholar
Trevathan, W. (1999) Evolutionary obstetrics. In: Evolutionary medicine, ed. Trevathan, W., Smith, E. O. & McKenna, J. J., pp. 183–207. Oxford University Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972) Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Sexual selection and the descent of man, 1871–1971, ed. Campbell, B.. Aldine. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1974) Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist 14:249–64. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Tronick, E. Z. (1982) Social interchange in infancy. University Park Press. [DKO]Google Scholar
Turton, D. (1975) The relationship between oratory and the emergence of influence among the Mursi. In: Political language and oratory in traditional society, ed. Bloch, M.. Academic Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Udry, J. R. (1988) Biological predispositions and social control in adolescent sexual behavior. American Sociological Review 53:709–22. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Ullstadius, E., Gustafsson, J-E. & Carlstedt, B. (2002) Influence of general and crystallized intelligence on vocabulary test performance. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 18:1015–23. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Uzgiris, I. C., Benson, J. B., Kruper, J. C. & Vasek, M. E. (1989) Contextual influences on imitative interactions between mothers and infants. In: Action in a social context: Perspectives on early development, ed. Lockman, J. & Hazen, N.. Plenum. [aJLL]Google Scholar
van Doorn, G. S. & Weissing, F. J. (2004) The evolution of female preferences for multiple indications of quality. American Naturalist 164:173–86. [rJLL]Google Scholar
van Goozen, S. H. M., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Gooren, L. J. G., Frijda, N. H. & van de Poll, N. E. (1994) Activating effects of androgens on cognitive performance: Causal evidence in a group of female-to-male transexuals. Neuropsychologia 32:1153–57. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Van Lancker, D. (1987) Non propositional speech: Neurolinguistic studies. In: Progress in the psychology of language, vol. 3, ed. Ellis, A. W., pp. 49–118. Erlbaum. [KK]Google Scholar
Van Lancker, D. (1990) The neurology of proverbs. Behavioural Neurology 3:169–87. [aJLL]Google Scholar
van Schaik, C. (2004) Among orangutans: Red apes and the rise of human culture. Harvard University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
van Schaik, C. P. & Hrdy, S. B. (1991) Maternal rank and sex ratios at birth in monkeys: Local resource competition vs. the Trivers Willard effect. American Naturalist 138:1555–62. [SR]Google Scholar
Vargha-Khadem, F. (1990) Speech and language defects. Nature 346:226. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Vargha-Khadem, F., Watkins, K., Alcock, K., Fletcher, P. & Passingham, R. (1995) Praxic and nonverbal cognitive deficits in a large family with a genetically transmitted speech and language disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 92:930–33. [aJLL, LW]Google Scholar
Vargha-Khadem, F., Watkins, K. E., Price, C. J., Ashburner, J., Alcock, K. J., Connelly, A., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Friston, K. J., Pembrey, M. E., Mishkin, M., Gadian, D. G. & Passingham, R. (1998) Neural basis of an inherited speech and language disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 95:12695–700. [aJLL, LW]Google Scholar
Vavra, H. M. & Querec, L. J. (1973) A study of infant mortality from linked records by age of mother, total-birth order, and other variables. DHEW Publication No. (HRA). 74-1851. U. S. Government Printing Office. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Vetterli, C. F. & Furedy, J. J. (1997) Correlates of intelligence in computer measured aspects of prose vocabulary: Word length, diversity, and rarity. Personality and Individual Differences 22:933–35. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Vihman, M. M. (1996) Phonological development: The origins of language in the child. Blackwell. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Vuorenkoski, V., Lenko, H. L., Tjernlund, P., Vuorenkoski, L. & Perheentupa, J. (1978) Fundamental voice frequency during normal and abnormal growth, and after androgen treatment. Archives of Disease in Childhood 53:201–209. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Waldstein, R. S. (1990) Effects of postlingual deafness on speech production: Implications for the role of auditory feedback. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88:2099–114. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Walrath, D. (2003) Rethinking pelvic typologies and the human birth mechanism. Current Anthropology 44:5–31. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Walter, B. (1988) The jury summation as speech genre: An ethnographic study of what it means to those who use it. John Benjamins. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Washabaugh, W. (1986) Five fingers for survival. Karoma. [SR]Google Scholar
Washburn, S. L. (1960) Tools and human evolution. Scientific American 203:63–75. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Watkins, K. E., Dronkers, N. F. & Vargha-Khadem, F. (2002) Behavioural analysis of an inherited speech and language disorder: Comparison with acquired aphasia. Brain 125:452–64. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Watson, J. S. (1972) Smiling, cooing, and “the game.” Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 18:323–39. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Watson, J. S. (2001) Contingency perception and misperception in infancy: Some potential implications for attachment. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 65296–320. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Watts, E. S. (1985) Adolescent growth and development of monkeys, apes and humans. In: Nonhuman primate models for human growth and development, ed. Watts, E. S., pp. 41–65. Alan R. Liss. [SR]Google Scholar
Watts, E. S. (1986) The evolution of the human growth curve. In: Human growth: A comprehensive treatise, vol. I, 2nd edition, ed. Falkner, F. & Tanner, J. M., pp. 153–66. Plenum. [SR]Google Scholar
Watts, E. S. (1990) Evolutionary trends in primate growth and development. In: Primate life history and evolution, ed. DeRousseau, J. C., pp. 89–104. Wiley-Liss. [SR]Google Scholar
Watts, E. S. & Gavan, J. A. (1982) Postnatal growth of nonhuman primates: The problem of adolescent spurt. Human Biology 54(1):53–70. [rJLL, SR]Google Scholar
Weisner, T. S. (1987) Socialization for parenthood in sibling caretaking societies. In: Parenting across the life span: Biosocial dimensions, ed. Lancaster, J. B., Altmann, J., Rossi, A. S. & Sherrod, L. R., pp. 237–79. Aldine de Gruyter. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Weisner, T. S. (1996) The 5-7 transition as an ecocultural project. In: The five to seven year shift: The age of reason and responsibility, ed. Sameroff, A. J. & Haith, M. M.. University of Chicago Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Werker, J. F. & Curtin, S. (2005) PRIMIR: A developmental framework of infant speech processing. Language Learning and Development 1:197–234. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Wermke, K. (2002) Untersuchung der Melodieentwicklung im Säuglingsschrei von monozygoten Zwillingen in den ersten 5 Lebensmonaten. [Investigation of cry melody development of monozygotic twins within the first 5 months of life.] Professorial dissertation (Habilitation): Humboldt-University of Berlin. Available at: http://edoc.hu-berlin.de. [KW]Google Scholar
Wermke, K. & Friederici, A. F. (2004) Developmental changes of infant cries – The evolution of complex vocalizations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27:474–75. [Commentary on Soltis, J. (2004) The signal functions of early infant crying. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27(4):443–458.] [KW]Google Scholar
Wermke, K., Leising, D. & Stellzig-Eisenhauer, A. (submitted) Relation of melody complexity in infants’ cries to language outcome in the second year of life: A longitudinal study. [KW]Google Scholar
Wermke, K., Mende, W., Borschberg, H. & Ruppert, R. (1996) Voice characteristics of prespeech vocalizations of twins during the first year of life. In: Pathologies of speech and language: Contributions of clinical phonetics and linguistics, ed. Powell, T. W., pp. 1–8. International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association. [KW]Google Scholar
Wermke, K., Mende, W. & Friederici, A. (in preparation) Melodies at the roots of language. [KW]Google Scholar
Wermke, K., Mende, W., Kempf, A., Manfredi, C., Bruscaglioni, P. & Stellzig-Eisenhauer, A. (2005) Interaction patterns between melodies and resonance frequencies in infants’ pre-speech utterances. In: Models and analysis of vocal emissions for biomedical applications: 4th International Workshop, Firenze, October 29–31, 2005, ed. Manfredi, C., pp. 187–90. Firenze University Press. [KW]Google Scholar
Wermke, K., Mende, W., Manfredi, C. & Bruscaglioni, P. (2002) Developmental aspects of infant's cry melody and formants. Medical Engineering and Physics 24:501–14. [KW]Google Scholar
West-Eberhard, M. J. (2003) Developmental plasticity and evolution. Oxford University Press. [DFB, rJLL]Google Scholar
Wetherby, A. M., Cain, D. H., Yonclas, D. G. & Walker, V. G. (1988) Analysis of intentional communication of normal children from the pre-linguistic to the multi-word stage. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 31:240–52. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Wheeler, M. (2004) Is language the ultimate artifact? Language Sciences 26(6):693–715. [SJC]Google Scholar
Whitmire, K. A. (2000) Adolescence as a developmental phase: A tutorial. Topics in Language Disorders 20:1–14. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Wickham, C. (1998) Gossip and resistance among the medieval peasantry. Past and Present 160:3–24. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Willshaw, D. J. & von der Malsburg, C. (1979) A marker induction mechanism for the establishment of ordered neural mappings: Its application to the retinotectal problem. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 287:203–43. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1980) Sociobiology. Harvard University Press. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Wilson, P. J. (1969) Reputation and respectability: A suggestion for Caribbean ethnology. Man 4:70–84. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Wolf, D. & Gardner, H. (1979) Style and sequence in early symbolic play. In: Symbolic functioning in childhood, ed. Smith, N. & Franklin, M., pp. 117–19. Erlbaum. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Wong Fillmore, L. (1976) The second time around: Cognitive and social strategies in second language learning. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University. [KK]Google Scholar
Workman, L. & Reader, W. (2004) Evolutionary psychology. Cambridge University Press. [LW]Google Scholar
Worthman, C. M. (1993) Biocultural interactions in human development. In: Juvenile primates: Life history, development, and behavior, ed. Pereira, M. E. & Fairbanks, L. A., pp. 339–58. Oxford University Press. [GEW]Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. E., McGrew, W. C., de Waal, F. B. M. & Heltne, P. G., eds. (1996) Chimpanzee cultures. Harvard University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Wray, A. (1998) Protolanguage as a holistic system for social interaction. Language and Communication 18:47–67. [KK]Google Scholar
Wray, A. (2002) Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge University Press. [KK]Google Scholar
Wray, A., ed. (2002) The transition to language. Oxford University Press. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Wuyts, F. L., Heylen, L., Mertens, F., Du Caju, M., Rooman, R., Van de Heyning, P. H. & De Bodt, M. (2003) Effects of age, sex, and disorder on voice range profile characteristics of 230 children. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology 112(6):540–48. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Wyatt, T. A. (1995) Language development in African American English child speech. Linguistics and Education 7:7–22. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Wyatt, T. A. (1999) An Afro-centered view of communicative competence. In: Constructing incompetence: Disabling evaluations in clinical and social interaction, ed. Kovarsky, D., Duchan, J. F. & Maxwell, M., pp. 197–221. Erlbaum. [rJLL]Google Scholar
Zahavi, A. & Zahavi, A. (1997) The handicap principle: A missing piece of Darwin's puzzle. Oxford University Press. [CK]Google Scholar
Zatorre, R. J., Evans, A. C., Meyer, E. & Gjedde, A. (1992) Lateralization of phonetic and pitch discrimination in speech precessing. Science 256:846–49. [DLB]Google Scholar
Zihlman, A., Bolter, D. & Boesch, C. (2004) Wild chimpanzee dentition and its implications for assessing life history in immature hominin fossils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101(29):10541–43. [aJLL]Google Scholar
Zlatev, J., Persson, T. & Gärdenfors, P. (2005) Bodily mimesis as “the missing link” in human cognitive evolution. Lund University Cognitive Studies, Vol. 121. [Entire volume.] [SJ]Google Scholar