Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T23:17:26.013Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The language bioprogram hypothesis, creole studies, and linguistic theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Salikoko S. Mufwene
Salikoko S. Mufwene
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 7 , Issue 2 , June 1984 , pp. 202 - 203
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alleyne, M. C. (1971) Acculturation and the cultural matrix of creolization. In: Pidginization and creolization of languages, ed. Hymes, D.. Cambridge University Press. [taDB, PAR]Google Scholar
Alleyne, M. C. (1979) On the genesis of languages. In: The genesis of language, ed. Hill, K. C.. Karoma. [PAR]Google Scholar
Alleyne, M. C. (1980a) Comparative Afro-American. Karoma. [taDB, SSM, PAR, WJS]Google Scholar
Alleyne, M. C. (1980b)Introduction to Theoretical orientations in creole studies, ed. Valdman, A. & Highfield, A., Academic Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Allsopp, R. (1976) The case for Afrogenesis. Paper presented at the International Conference on Creole Languages, Georgetown, Guyana. [taDB]Google Scholar
Allsopp, R. (1977) Africanisms in the idiom of Caribbean English. In: Language and linguistic problems in Africa, ed. Kotey, P. F. A. & Der-Houssikian, H.. Hornbeam Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Anthony, S. (1940) The child's discovery of death. Harcourt Brace & Co. [EB]Google Scholar
Aslin, R., Pisoni, D. & Jusczyk, P. (1983) Auditory development and speech perception in infancy. In: Infancy and the biology of development, ed. Haith, M. & Campos, J.. Vol. 2 of Carmichael's manual of child psychology, ed. P. Mussen. Wiley. [LB]Google Scholar
Atherton, M. & Schwartz, R. (1974) Linguistic innateness and its evidence. Journal of Philosophy 71:155–68. [MC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atherton, M. & Schwartz, R. (1983) Talk to the animals. In: Language in primates, ed. de Luce, J. & Wilder, H. T.. Springer-Verlag. [MC]Google Scholar
Bailey, B. (1966) Jamaican Creole syntax. Cambridge University Press. [tarDB]Google Scholar
Baissac, C. (1880) Etude sur le patois créole mauricien. Imprimerie Berger-Levrault. [CC]Google Scholar
Baker, C. L. (1979) Syntactic theory and the projection problem. Linguistic Inquiry 10:533–81. [taDB]Google Scholar
Baker, P. (1972) Kreol: A grammar of Mauritian Creole. Hurst. [taDB]Google Scholar
Baker, P. (1976) Towards a social history of Mauritian Creole. B. Phil. diss., University of York. [taDB]Google Scholar
Baker, P. (1982) The contribution of non-Francophone immigrants to the lexicon of Mauritian Creole. Ph.D. diss., University of London. [taDB, CC]Google Scholar
Baker, P. & Corne, C. (1982) Isle-de-France Creole. Karoma. [taDB, WJS]Google Scholar
Bates, E. (1976) Language and context: The acquisition of pragmatics. Academic Press. [EB]Google Scholar
Bates, E., Benigni, L., Bretherton, I., Camaioni, L. & Volterra, V. (1979) The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy. Academic Press. [EB]Google Scholar
Baudet, M. M. (1981) Identifying the African grammatical base of the Caribbean creoles: A typological approach. In: Historicity and cariation in creole studies, ed. Highfield, A. & Valdman, A.. Karoma. [CC]Google Scholar
Bellugi, U. (1971) Simplification in children's language. In: Language acquisition: Models and methods, ed. Huxley, R. & Ingram, E.. Academic Press. [RFC]Google Scholar
Bentolila, A. (1971) Les systèmes verbaux créoles; comparaisons avec les langages africaincs. Thèse de 3e cycle de I'Université de Paris V – René Descartes. [tarDB]Google Scholar
Bever, T. G. (1970) The cognitive basis for linguistic structures. In: Cognition and the development of language, ed. Hayes, J. R.. Wiley. [FCK]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1971) Inherent variability and variable rules. Foundations of Language 7:457–92. [rDB]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1973) The nature of a creole continuum. Language 49(3):640–69. [rDB, PAR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1974) Creolization, linguistic universals, natural semantax and the brain. Working Papers in Linguistics (University of Hawaii) 6(3):124–41. [taDB, PM]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1975) Dynamics of a creole system. Cambridge University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1977) Pidginization and creolization: Language acquisition and language universals. In: Pidgin and creole linguistics, ed. Valdman, A.. Indiana University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1979) Beginnings. In: The genesis of language, ed. Hill, K. C.. Karoma. [taDB]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1980) Decreolization and the creole continuum. In: Theoretical orientations in creole studies, ed. Valdman, A. & Highfield, A.. Academic Press. [rDB]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1981) Roots of language. Karoma. [tarDB, CC, MC, SSM, PM, PAMS]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1982) Learning without experience the creole way. In: Exceptional language and linguistics, ed. Obler, L. K. & Menn, L.. Academic Press. [LJ]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. & Wilson, W. H. (1984) Pidgin Hawaiian. In Pidgin and creole languages: Essays in memory of John E. Reinecke, ed. Gilbert, G.. University of Hawaii Press. [tarDB]Google Scholar
Blassingame, J. W. (1972) The slace community: Plantation life in the antebellum South. Oxford University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Bloom, L. (1981) The importance of language for language development: Linguistic determinism in the 1980s. In: Native language and foreign language acquisition, ed. Winitz, H.. New York Academy of Sciences 379. [LB]Google Scholar
Bowerman, M. (1974) Learning the structure of causative verbs. Stanford Papers and Reports on Child Language Development 8:142–78. [taDB]Google Scholar
Bradshaw, J. (1979) Causative serial constructions and word order change in Papua, New Guinea. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Los Angeles. [taDB]Google Scholar
Brown, R. (1973) A first language. Harvard University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Brown, R. (1976) A first language. Penguin. [GS]Google Scholar
Brown, R. (1977) Introduction. In: Talking to children: Language input and acquisition, ed. Snow, C. E. & Ferguson, C. A.. Cambridge University Press. [JCM]Google Scholar
Brown, R. & Hanlon, C. (1970) Derivational complexity and order of acquisition in child speech. In: Cognition and the development of language, ed. Hayes, J. R.. Wiley. [taDB]Google Scholar
Bruner, J. S. & Feldman, C. (1982) Where does language come from? New York Review of Books 29 (11):34–36. [taDB]Google Scholar
Bybee, J. L. (1983) Iconicity in stem-inflection relations. Paper presented to Symposium on Iconicity in Grammar, Stanford University. [DIS] (in preparation) Morphology and morphophonemics. [DIS]Google Scholar
Byrne, F. X. (1982) Fi and fu; origins and functions in Caribbean English-based creoles. Paper presented at the 1982 meeting of the Caribbean Linguistics Society, Paramaribo, Surinam. [taDB]Google Scholar
Byrne, F. X. (1983) Instrumental in Saramaccan. Paper presented at the York Conference on Urban Creoles, University of York, England, September 24–27. [rDB]Google Scholar
Byrne, F. X. (forthcoming) Verb serialization and predicate complementation in Saramaccan. Ph.D. diss., University of Arizona. [taDB]Google Scholar
Cassidy, F. G. (1980) The place of Gullah. American Speech 55:1–16. [PAR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaudenson, R. (1974) Le lexique du parler créole de la Réunion. Libraire Honoré Champion. [taDB]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1964) Language and mind. Harcourt, Brace & World. [taDB, MC]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1966) Cartesian linguistics. Harper & Row. [MC]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1975) Reflections on language. Random House. [MC]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1979) Language and responsibility. Pantheon. [taDB]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1980a) Rules and representations. Columbia University Press. [EB, taDB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1980b) Rules and representations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:1–61. [rDB, LJ]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1981a) Lectures on government and binding. Foris. [tarDB, NH, DWL, EM, EW]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1981b) Principles and parameters in the theory of grammar. In: Explanation in linguistics, ed. Hornstein, N. & Lightfoot, D. W.. Longman. [NH]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1982) Some concepts and consequences of the theory of government and binding. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 6, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [taDB, JCM, EW]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1983) Interview: Noam Chomsky. Omni 6(2):113–18, 171–74. [MC]Google Scholar
Clark, R. (1979) In search of Beach-la-mar: A history of Pacific Pidgin English. Te Reo 22:3–64. [MG]Google Scholar
Corne, C. (1977) Seychelles Creole grammar. Narr. [taDB]Google Scholar
Corne, C. (1983) Substratal reflections: The completive aspect and the distributive numerals in Isle de France Creole. Te Reo 26:65–80. [CC]Google Scholar
Corne, C. (1984) Verb fronting in Creole: Transmission or bioprogram? In: Pidgin and creole languages: Essays in memory of John E. Reinecke, ed. Gilbert, G.. Karoma. [CC]Google Scholar
Craton, M. (1978) Searching for the invisible man. Harvard University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Curtin, P. D. (1969) The Atlantic slave trade. University of Wisconsin Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Curtiss, S. (1977) Genie: A psycholinguistic study of a modern-day “wild child.” Academic Press. [DWL]Google Scholar
DeCasper, A. & Fifer, W. (1980) Of human bonding: Newborns prefer their mothers' voices. Science 208:1174–76. [LB]Google Scholar
De Groot, S. W. (1974) Surinaamse Granmans in Afrika. Spectrum. [PAMS]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1983) Intentional systems in cognitive ethology: The “Panglossian paradigm” defended. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:343–55. [rDB, MG]Google Scholar
Deuchar, M. (1983) Negative incorporation in sign languages as creoles. Paper presented at the 1983 annual meeting of the Linguistics Society of America, December 28–30, Minneapolis, Minn. [RPM]Google Scholar
Dulay, H. & Burt, M. (1978) Some remarks on creativity in language acquisition. In: Second language acquisition research, ed. Ritchie, W.. Academic Press. [PAR]Google Scholar
Dutertre, J.-B. (1667–1671) Histoire générale des Antilles. Paris. [rDB, MG]Google Scholar
Edwards, V. & Ladd, P. (1983) The linguistic status of British sign language. Paper presented at the York Conference on Urban Creoles, University of York, England, September 24–27. [rDB]Google Scholar
Eimas, P., Siqueland, E., Jusczyk, P. & Vigorito, J. (1971) Speech perception in infants. Science 171:303–6. [LB]Google Scholar
Feldman, H., Goldin-Meadow, S. & Gleitman, L. R. (1978) Beyond Herodotus: The creation of language by linguistically deprived deaf children. In: Action, symbol, and gesture: The emergence of language, ed. Lock, A.. Academic Press. [rDB, DWL, RPM]Google Scholar
Fischer, S. D. (1978) Sign language and creoles. In: Understanding language through sign language research, ed. Siple, P.. Academic Press. [RPM]Google Scholar
Fodale, P. (1983) A grammar of Papiamentu. University of Michigan. [taDB]Google Scholar
Fodor, J. A., Bever, T. G. & Garrett, M. F. (1974) The psychology of language. McGraw-Hill. [MC]Google Scholar
Fortune, G. (1955) An analytical grammar of Shona. Longmans, Green & Co. [CC]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. (1982) Tense and aspect in Guyanese Creole: A syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis. D. Phil, thesis, University of York. [PAMS]Google Scholar
Gilman, C. (1981) Pidgin languages: Form selection or simplification? Paper read at tenth annual linguistic symposium, Milwaukee. [SSM]Google Scholar
Givón, T. (1979) Prolegomena to any sane creology. In: Readings in creole studies, ed. Hancock, I., Polomé, E., Goodman, M. & Heine, B.. E. Story-Scientia P.V.B.A. [SSM]Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. (1979) Structure in a manual communication system developed without a conventional language model: Language without a helping hand. In: Studies in neurolinguistics, vol. 4, ed. Whitaker, H. & Whitaker, H. A.. Academic Press. [RPM]Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. (1982) The resilience of recursion: A study of a communication system developed without a conventional language model. In: Language acquisition: The state of the art, ed. Wanner, E. & Gleitman, L. R.. Cambridge University Press. [RPM]Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. & Feldman, H. (1977) The development of language-like communication without a language model. Science 197:401–3. [FCK]Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. & Mylander, C. (1983) Gestural communication in deaf children: Noneffect of parental input on language development. Science 221:372–74. [rDB, LJ, RPM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenberg, J. H. ed. (1963) Universals of language. MIT Press. [WS-YW]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. & Zukow, P. (1978) Why children say what they say when they say it. In: Children's language, vol. 1, ed. Nelson, K.. Gardner Press. [EB]Google Scholar
Gurdon, J. B. (1968) Transplanted nuclei and cell differentiation. Scientific American 219:24–35. [LJ]Google Scholar
Hale, K. (1978) On the position of Walbiri in a typology of the base. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [taDB]Google Scholar
Hall, R. A. Jr (1944) Chinese Pidgin English: Grammar and texts. Journal of the American Oriental Society 64:95–113. [MG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, R. A. Jr (1953) Haitian Creole. American Anthropological Association Memoir 74, Washington, D.C. [taDB]Google Scholar
Hall, R. A. Jr (1966) Pidgin and creole languages. Cornell University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Hancock, I. F. (1976) Krio. English department. University of Texas. [CC]Google Scholar
Hancock, I. F. (1980) Gullah and Barbadian: Origins and relationships. American Speech 55:17–35. [SSM, PAR]Google Scholar
Harnad, S. R., Steklis, H. D. & Lancaster, J. B., eds. (1976) Origins and evolution of language and speech. New York Academy of Sciences. [taDB]Google Scholar
Herskovits, M. & Herskovits, S. (1936) Surinam folklore. AMS Press, [taDB, PAMS]Google Scholar
Hill, K. C. ed. (1979) The genesis of language. Karoma. [taDB]Google Scholar
Holm, J. (1982) Review of Roots of Language. English World-Wide 3(1):112–15. [taDB]Google Scholar
Hornstein, N. (1983) Logic as grammar. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [NH]Google Scholar
Hornstein, N. & Lightfoot, D. W., eds. (1981) Explanation in linguistics. Longman. [NH]Google Scholar
Jackendoff, R. (1977) X syntax: A study of phrase structure. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 2, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [taDB]Google Scholar
Jacob, F. (1977) Evolution and tinkering. Science 196:1161–66. [LJ]Google Scholar
Jansen, B., Koopman, H. & Muysken, P. (1978) Serial verbs in the creole languages. Amsterdam Creole Studies 2:133–59. [taDB]Google Scholar
Jusczyk, P. W., Pisoni, D. B., Reed, M. A., Fernauld, & Myers, M. (1983) Infants' discrimination of the duration of a rapid spectrum change in nonspeech signals. Science 222:175–77. [WS-YW]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1977a) The child's construction of a system of plurifunctional markers. Paper presented at the biennial conference of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, Pavia, Italy. [RFC]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1977b) More about the same: Children's understanding of post-articles. Journal of Child Language 4:377–94. [RFC]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1978) The interplay between syntax, semantics, and phonology in language acquisition processes. In: Recent advances in the psychology of language: Language development and mother-child interaction, ed. Campbell, R. N. & Smith, P. T.. Plenum Press. [RFC]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1979) A functional approach to child language: A study of determiners and reference. Cambridge University Press. [RFC]Google Scholar
Koopman, H. (1982) Les questions. In: Syntaxe de I'Haitien, ed. Lefebvre, C., Magloire-Holly, H. & Piou, N.. Karoma. [rDB]Google Scholar
Koopman, H. & Lefebvre, C. (1982) Pu: Marqueur de mode, préposition et complémenteur. In: Syntaxe de I'Haitien, ed. Lefebvre, C., Magloire-Holly, H. & Piou, N.. Karoma. [taDB]Google Scholar
Krashen, S. D. (1973) Lateralization and the critical period: Some new evidence. Language Learning 23(1):63–74. [taDB]Google Scholar
Lakoff, G. (1968) Instrumental adverbs and the concept of deep structure. Foundations of Language 4:4–29. [SSM]Google Scholar
Lakoff, G. (1970) Irregularity in syntax. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [SSM]Google Scholar
Leder, P. (1982) The genetics of antibody diversity. Scientific American 246:102–15. [LJ]Google Scholar
Lefebvre, C., Magloire-Holly, H. & Piou, N. eds. (1982) Syntaxe de I'Haitien. Karoma. [taDB]Google Scholar
Lenneberg, E. H. (1964) The capacity for language acquisition. In: The structure of language, ed. Fodor, J. A. & Katz, J. J.. Prentice-Hall. [MC]Google Scholar
Lenneberg, E. H. (1967) Biological foundations of language. Wiley. [taDB, MC, GS]Google Scholar
Levi-Strauss, C. (1969) The raw and the cooked: Introduction to the science of mythology, vol. 1. Harper and Row. (Transl. John & Doreen Weigthman). (Orig. published by Librairie Plon, 1964). [EB]Google Scholar
Lightfoot, D. W. (1981) Review of Sampson, Liberty and language. Journal of Linguistics 17:160–73. [GS]Google Scholar
Lightfoot, D. W. (1982) The language lottery: Toward a biology of grammars. MIT Press. [NH, DWL]Google Scholar
Lord, C. (1973) Serial verbs in transition. Studies in African Linguistics 4(3):269–96. [taDB]Google Scholar
McCawley, J. D. (1968) Lexical insertion in a transformational grammar without deep structure. Papers from the fourth regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago Linguistic Society. Also in Grammar and meaning: Papers on syntactic and semantic topics, ed. McCawley, J. D.. Taishukan Publishing Company, 1973. [SSM]Google Scholar
McCawley, J. D. (1971) Prelexical syntax. Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics 24:19–33. Also in Grammar and mearning: Papers on syntactic and semantic topics, ed. J. D. McCawley. Taishukan Publishing Company, 1973. [SSM]Google Scholar
McNeill, D. A. (1966) Developmental psycholinguistics. In: The genesis of language, ed. Smith, F. & Miller, G. A.. MIT Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Mahmoud, U. A. (1979) Processes of language change in the southern Sudan. University of Khartoum. [rDB]Google Scholar
Manessy, G. (1977) Processes of pidginization in African languages. In: Pidgin and creole linguistics, ed. Valdman, A.. Indiana University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Marantz, A. (1983) Before Babel. Sciences 23(3):16–20. [taDB]Google Scholar
Maratsos, M. P. (1974) Preschool children's use of definite and indefinite articles. Child Development 45:446–55. [taDB]Google Scholar
Maratsos, M. P. (1976) The use of definite and indefinite reference in young children. Cambridge University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Maratsos, M. & Chalkley, M. A. (1980) The internal language of children's syntax: The nature and ontogenesis of syntactic categories. In: Children's language, vol. 2, ed. Nelson, K.. Gardner Press. [MM]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1977) Sensory templates, visual perception and development: A comparative view. In: Intention, conversation and the development of language, ed. Lewis, M. & Rosenblum, L. A.. Wiley. [rDB]Google Scholar
Mayberry, R., Fischer, S. & Hatfield, N. (1983) Sentence repetition in American Sign Language. In: Language in sign: An international perspective on sign language, ed. Kyle, J. G. & Woll, B.. Croom Helm. [RPM]Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1982) The growth of biological thought: Diversity, evolution and inheritance. Harvard University Press. [LJ]Google Scholar
Mishkin, M. (1982) A memory system in the monkey. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 298:85–95. [taDB]Google Scholar
Mufwene, S. S. (1981) Non-individuation and the count/mass distinction. In: Papers from the seventeenth regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, ed. Hendrick, R. A., Masek, C. S., & Miller, M. F.. CLS. [SSM]Google Scholar
Mufwene, S. S. (in Press) Observations on time reference in Jamaican and Guyanese creoles. English World-Wide 4. [SSM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mühlhäusler, P. (1980) The development of the category of number in Tok Pisin. In: Generative studies on creole languages, ed. Muysken, P.. Foris. [SSM]Google Scholar
Nelson, K. (1974) Concept, word and sentence. Psychological Review 81:267–85. [EB]Google Scholar
Newport, E. L. (1982) Task specificity in language learning? Evidence from speech perception and American Sign Language. In: Language acquisition: The state of the art, ed. Wanner, E. & Gleitman, L. R.. Cambridge University Press. [RFC, MM, RPM]Google Scholar
Newport, E. L., Gleitman, H. & Gleitman, L. R. (1977) Mother, I'd rather do it myself: Some effects and non-effects of maternal speech style. In: Talking to children: Language input and acquisition, ed. Snow, C. E. & Ferguson, C. A.. Cambridge University Press. [JCM]Google Scholar
Nhial, A. A. J. (1975) Kinubi and Juba Arabic: A comparative study. In: Directions in Sudanese linguistics and folklore, ed. Hurreiz, S. H. & Bell, H.. Sudanese Studies Library no. 4. [rDB, MG]Google Scholar
Ochs, E. (1982) Talking to children in Western Samoa. Language in Society 11:77–104. [taDB]Google Scholar
Papen, R. (1978) The French-based creoles of the Indian Ocean. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, San Diego. [rDB]Google Scholar
Patterson, O. (1967) The sociology of slavery. McGibbon and Key. [taDB]Google Scholar
Peters, A. M. (1977) Language learning strategies. Language 53:560–73. [taDB]Google Scholar
Peters, A. M. (1983) The units of language acquisition. Cambridge University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Pinker, S. (1983) How do children unlearn their mistakes? A hypothesis from learnability theory. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Detroit. [taDB]Google Scholar
Price, R. (1976) The Guiana maroons: A historical and bibliographical introduction. Johns Hopkins University Press. [tarDB, MG]Google Scholar
Reinecke, J. E. (1969) Language and dialect in Hawaii: A sociolinguistic history to 1935. University of Hawaii Press. [rDB, MC, WJS]Google Scholar
Rizzi, L. (1982) Issues in Italian syntax. Foris. [DWL]Google Scholar
Roberts, P. A. (1975) The adequacy of certain linguistic theories for showing important relationships in a creole language. Paper presented at the International Conference on Pidgins and Creoles, Honolulu [taDB]Google Scholar
Roeper, T. (1981) On the deductive model and the acquisition of productive morphology. In: The logical problem of language acquisition, ed. Baker, C. L. & McCarthy, J. J.. MIT Press. [taDB, GS]Google Scholar
Samarin, W. J. (1966) The Gbeya language: Grammar, texts, and vocabularies. University of California Press. [WJS]Google Scholar
Samarin, W. J. (1980) Creolizing lag in Creole Sango. Ba Shiru 2:3–20. [WJS]Google Scholar
Samarin, W. J. (1982) Colonization and pidginization on the Ubangi River. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 4:1–42. [WJS]Google Scholar
Samarin, W. J. (1984) Congo cohorts and copula sharing in Pidgin Sango. In: Pidgin and Creole languages: Essays in memory of John E. Reinecke, ed. Gilbert, G.. Karoma. [WJS]Google Scholar
Samarin, W. J. (In preparation) Arguments and argumentation in Chinook historiography. [WJS]Google Scholar
Sankoff, G. & Brown, P. (1976) The origins of syntax in discourse. Language 52:631–66. [taDB]Google Scholar
Schomburgk, R. H. (1845) A description of British Guiana, geographical and statistical. Cass. [taDB]Google Scholar
Schuchardt, H. (1889) Beiträge zur Kenntniss des englischen Kreolisch. II. Melanesoenglisches. Englische Studien 13:158–62. Also in: The ethnography of variation: Selected writings on pidgins and creoles by Hugo Schuchardt, trans. & ed. T. L. Markey. Karoma. [SSM]Google Scholar
Schuchardt, H. (1914) Die Sprache der Saramakkaneger in Surinam. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie der Wetensehappen te Amsterdam. Afdeeling Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks. Deel XIV No. 6. Müller. [PAMS]Google Scholar
Scovell, T. (1981) The effects of neurological age on nonprimary language acquisition. In: New directions in second-language acquisition research, ed. Anderson, R. W.. Newbury House. [taDB]Google Scholar
Seuren, P. A. M. (1981) Tense and aspect in Sranan. Linguistics 19:1043–76. [PAMS]Google Scholar
Seuren, P. A. M. (1983) The auxiliary system in Sranan. In: Linguistic categories: Auxiliaries and related puzzles, ed. Heny, F. & Richards, B., vol. 2. Reidel. [PAMS]Google Scholar
Simon, H. (1962) The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 106:467–82. [WS-YW]Google Scholar
Slobin, D. I. (1973) Cognitive prerequisites for the development of grammar. In: Studies of child language development, ed. Ferguson, C. A. & Slobin, D. I.. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [EB, RFC, FCK]Google Scholar
Slobin, D. I. Evidence for syntactic change in child speech: Word-order in Serbo-Croatian and Turkish. Paper presented at the Symposium on Linguistic Change, University of California, Santa Barbara, May 7–9. [rDB]Google Scholar
Slobin, D. I. (1977) Language change in childhood and history. In: Language learning and thought, ed. Macnamara, J.. Academic Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Slobin, D. I. (1982a) La construcción de la grammática por el nin¯o. Paper presented at II Simposium de Logopedia, Madrid. [taDB]Google Scholar
Slobin, D. I. (1982b) Universal and particular in the acquisition of language. In: Language acquisition: The state of the art, ed. Wanner, E. & Gleitman, L.. Cambridge University Press. [MM]Google Scholar
Slobin, D. I. (1983) The child as linguistic icon-maker. Paper presented to Symposium on Iconicity in Grammar, Stanford University. [DIS]Google Scholar
Slobin, D. I. (1984) Cross-linguistic evidence for the language-making capacity. In: The Cross-linguistic study of language acquisition, ed. Slobin, D. I.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taDB, GS, DIS]Google Scholar
Society for the Propagation of the Faith, Diocese of Quebec (1956) Notices & voyages of the famed Quebec Mission to the Pacific Northwest.… Translated by Landerholm, Carl, Oregon Historical Society. [WJS]Google Scholar
Stewart, W. A. (1962) Creole languages in the Caribbean. In: Study of the role of second languages in Asia, Africa and Latin America, ed. Rice, F.. Center for Applied Linguistics. [taDB]Google Scholar
Stowell, T. A. (1981) The origins of phrase structure. Ph.D. diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [PM]Google Scholar
Stowell, T. A. (1982) The tense of infinitives. Linguistic Inquiry 13:561–70. [LJ]Google Scholar
Sylvain, S. (1936) Le créole haitien: Morphologie et syntaxe. Wetteren. [taDB]Google Scholar
Taylor, D. (1960) Language shift or changing relationship? International Journal of American Linguistics 26:155–61. [taDB]Google Scholar
Terrace, H. S. (1983) What can animals tell us about the human mind? New Scientist, in press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Thompson, R. W. (1961) A note on some possible affinities between the creole languages of the Old World and those of the New. In: Proceedings of the conference on creole studies, ed. Page, R. B. Le. Macmillan. [taDB]Google Scholar
Traugott, E. (1977) Explorations in linguistic elaboration: Language change, language acquisition, and the genesis of spatio-temporal terms. In: Historical linguistics, vol. 1, ed. Anderson, J. & Jones, C.. Elsevier. [LB]Google Scholar
Turner, L. D. (1949) Africanisms in the Gullah dialect. University of Chicago Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Valdman, A. (1977) Creolization: Elaboration in the development of creole French dialects. In: Pidgin and creole linguistics, ed. Valdman, A.. Indiana University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Volterra, V., Bates, E., Benigni, L., Bretherton, I. & Camaioni, L. (1979) First words in language and action. In: The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy, ed. Bates, E., Benigni, L., Bretherton, I., Camaioni, L. & Volterra, V.. Academic Press. [EB]Google Scholar
Voorhoeve, J. (1962) Sranan syntax. North Holland Publishing Co. [rDB]Google Scholar
Voorhoeve, J. (1973) Historical and linguistic evidence in favor of the relexification theory in the formation of creoles. Language in Society 2:135–46. [taDB]Google Scholar
Voorhoeve, J. & Lichtveld, U. M. (1975) Creole drum. Yale University Press. [rDB]Google Scholar
Wang, W. S.-Y. (1982) Explorations in language evolution. Osmania Papers in Linguistics. [WS-YW]Google Scholar
Washabaugh, W. (1975) On the development of complementizers in creolization. Working Papers on Linguistic Universals. (Stanford University) 17:109–40. [tarDB]Google Scholar
Welmers, W. E. (1973) African language structures. University of California Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Westermann, D. & Bryan, M. A. (1970) The languages of West Africa. Internationa] African Institute. [taDB]Google Scholar
Wexler, K., Culicover, P. W. & Hamburger, H. (1975) Learning-theoretic foundations of linguistic universals. Theoretical Linguistics 2:213–53. [taDB]Google Scholar
Whinnom, K. (1956) Spanish contact vernaculars in the Philippine Islands. Hong Kong University Press. [taDB]Google Scholar
Whinnom, K. (1965) The origin of the European-based pidgins and Creoles. Orbis 14:509–27. [taDB]Google Scholar
Woodward, J. C. (1973) Inter-rule implication in American Sign Language. Sign language studies 3:47–56. [RPM]Google Scholar