Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-03T20:42:10.232Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Decentralized minds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Marvin Minsky
Marvin Minsky
Affiliation:
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute ot Technology, Cambridge. Mass. 02139
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , September 1980 , pp. 439 - 440
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, J. (1980) Cognitive units. Paper presented at the Society for Philosophy and Psychology, Ann Arbor, Mich. [RCS]Google ScholarPubMed
Block, N. J. (1978) Troubles with functionalism. In: Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science, vol. 9, ed. Savage, C. W., Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. [NB, WGL]Google Scholar
Block, N. J. (forthcoming) Psychologism and behaviorism. Philosophical Review. [NB, WGL]Google Scholar
Bower, G. H.; Black, J. B., & Turner, T. J. (1979) Scripts in text comprehension and memory. Cognitive Psychology 11: 177–220. [RCS]Google Scholar
Carroll, C. W. (1975) The great chess automaton. New York: Dover. [RP]Google Scholar
Cummins, R. (1977) Programs in the explanation of behavior. Philosophy of Science 44: 269–87. [JCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1969) Content and consciousness. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [DD, TN]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1971) Intentional systems. Journal of Philosophy 68: 87–106. [TN]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1972) Reply to Arbib and Gundérson. Paper presented at the Eastern Division meeting of the American Philosophical Association. Boston, Mass. [TN]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1975) Why the law of effect won't go away. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 5: 169–87. [NB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1978) Brainstorms. Montgomery, Vt.: Bradford Books. [DD, AS]Google Scholar
Eccles, J. C. (1978) A critical appraisal of brain-mind theories. In: Cerebral correlates of conscious experiences, ed. Buser, P. A. and Rougeul-Buser, A., pp. 347–55. Amsterdam: North Holland. [JCE]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1979) The human mystery. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. [JCE]Google Scholar
Fodor, J. A. (1968) The appeal to tacit knowledge in psychological explanation. Journal of Philosophy 65: 627–40. [NB]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1980) Methodological solopsism considered as a research strategy in cognitive psychology. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:1. [NB, WGL, WES]Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1895) Project for a scientific psychology. In: The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 1, ed. Strachey, J.. London: Hogarth Press, 1966. [JCM]Google Scholar
Frey, P. W. (1977) An introduction to computer chess. In: Chess skill in man and machine, ed. Frey, P. W.. New York, Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer-Verlag. [RP]Google Scholar
Fryer, D. M. & Marshall, J. C. (1979) The motives of Jacques de Vaucanson. Technology and Culture 20: 257–69. [JCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1966) The senses considered as perceptual systems. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. [TN]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1967) New reasons for realism. Synthese 17: 162–72. [TN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1972) A theory of direct visual perception. In: The psychology of knowing ed. Royce, S. R. & Rozeboom, W. W.. New York: Gordon & Breach. [TN]Google Scholar
Graesser, A. C.; Gordon, S. E.; & Sawyer, J. D. (1979) Recognition memory for typical and atypical actions in scripted activities: tests for a script pointer and tag hypotheses. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 1: 319–32. [RCS]Google Scholar
Gruendel, J. (1980). Scripts and stories: a study of children's event narratives. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University. [RCS]Google Scholar
Hanson, N. R. (1969) Perception and discovery. San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper. [DOW]Google Scholar
Hayes, P. J. (1977) In defence of logic. In: Proceedings of the 5th international joint conference on artificial intelligence, ed. Reddy, R.. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press. [WES]Google Scholar
Hobbes, T. (1651) Leviathan. London: Willis. [JCM]Google Scholar
Hofstadter, D. R. (1979) Gödel, Escher, Bach. New York: Basic Books. [DOW]Google Scholar
Householder, F. W. (1962) On the uniqueness of semantic mapping. Word 18: 173–85. [JCM]Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H. (1874) On the hypothesis that animals are automata and its history. In: Collected Essays, vol. 1. London: Macmillan, 1893. [JCM]Google Scholar
Kolers, P. A. & Smythe, W. E. (1979) Images, symbols, and skills. Canadian Journal of Psychology 33: 158–84. [WES]Google Scholar
Kosslyn, S. M. & Shwartz, S. P. (1977) A simulation of visual imagery. Cognitive Science 1: 265–95. [WES]Google Scholar
Lenneberg, E. H. (1975) A neuropsychological comparison between man, chimpanzee and monkey. Neuropsychologia 13: 125. [JCE]Google Scholar
Libet, B. (1973) Electrical stimulation of cortex in human subjects and conscious sensory aspects. In: Handbook of sensory physiology, vol. II, ed. Iggo, A., pp. 743–90. New York: Springer-Verlag. [BL]Google Scholar
Libet, B., Wright, E. W. Jr, Feinstein, B., and Pearl, D. K. (1979) Subjective referral of the timing for a conscious sensory experience: a functional role for the somatosensory specific projection system in man. Brain 102:191–222. [BL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Longuet-Higgins, H. C. (1979) The perception of music. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 205:307–22. [JCM]Google ScholarPubMed
Lucas, J. R. (1961) Minds, machines, and Gödel. Philosophy 36:112–127. [DRH]Google Scholar
Lycan, W. G. (forthcoming) Form, function, and feel. Journal of Philosophy. [NB, WGL]Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. (1979) Ascribing mental qualities to machines. In: Philosophical perspectives in artificial intelligence, ed. Ringle, M.. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press. [JM, JRS]Google Scholar
Marr, D. & Poggio, T. (1979) A computational theory of human stereo vision. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 204:301–28. [JCM]Google Scholar
Marshall, J. C. (1971) Can humans talk? In: Biological and social factors in psycholinguistics, ed. Morton, J.. London: Logos Press. [JCM]Google Scholar
Marshall, J. C. (1977) Minds, machines and metaphors. Social Studies of Science 7:475–88. [JCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxwell, G. (1976) Scientific results and the mind-brain issue. In: Consciousness and the brain, ed. Globus, G. G., Maxwell, G., & Savodnik, I.. New York: Plenum Press. [GM]Google Scholar
Maxwell, G. (1978) Rigid designators and mind-brain identity. In: Perception and cognition: Issues in the foundaions of psychology, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 9, ed. Savage, C. W.. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. [GM]Google Scholar
Mersenne, M. (1636) Harmonie universelle. Paris: Le Gras. [JCM]Google Scholar
Moor, J. H. (1978) Three myths of computer science. British Journal of the Philosophy of Science 29:213–22. [JCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagel, T. (1974) What is it like to be a bat? Philosophical Review 83:435–50. [GM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natsoulas, T. (1974) The subjective, experiential element in perception. Psychological Bulletin 81:611–31. [TN]Google Scholar
Natsoulas, T. (1977) On perceptual aboutness. Behaviorism 5:75–97. [TN]Google Scholar
Natsoulas, T. (1978a) Haugeland's first hurdle. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1:243. [TN]Google Scholar
Natsoulas, T. (1979b) Residual subjectivity. American Psychologist 33:269–83. [TN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natsoulas, T. (1980) Dimensions of perceptual awareness. Psychology Department, University of California, Davis. Unpublished manuscript. [TN]Google Scholar
Nelson, K. & Gruendel, J. (1978) From person episode to social script: two dimensions in the development of event knowledge. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, San Francisco. [RCS]Google Scholar
Newell, A. (1973) Production systems: models of control structures. In: Visual information processing, ed. Chase, W. C.. New York: Academic Press. [WES]Google Scholar
Newell, A. (1979) Physical symbol systems. Lecture at the La Jolla Conference on Cognitive Science. [JRS]Google Scholar
Newell, A. (1980) Harpy, production systems, and human cognition. In: Perception and production of fluent speech, ed. Cole, R.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum Press. [WES]Google Scholar
Newell, A. & Simon, H. A. (1963) GPS, a program that simulates human thought. In: Computers and thought, ed. Feigenbaum, A. & Feldman, V., pp. 279–93. New York: McGraw Hill. [JRS]Google Scholar
Panofsky, E. (1954) Galileo as a critic of the arts. The Hague: Martínus Nijhoff. [JCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popper, K. R. & Eccles, J. C. (1977) The self and its brain. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. [JCE, GM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, H. (1960) Minds and machines. In: Dimensions of mind, ed. Hook, S., pp. 138–64. New York: Collier. [MR, RR]Google Scholar
Putnam, H. (1975a) The meaning of “meaning.” In: Mind, language and reality. Cambridge University Press. [NB, WGL]Google Scholar
Putnam, H. (1975b) The nature of mental states. In: Mind, language and reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [NB]Google Scholar
Putnam, H. (1975c) Philosophy and our mental life. In: Mind, language and reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [MM]Google Scholar
Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1980a) Computation and cognition: issues in the foundations of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3. [JRS, WES]Google Scholar
Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1980b) Cognitive representation and the process-architecture distinction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. [ZWP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, B. (1948) Human knowledge: its scope and limits. New York: Simon and Schuster. [GM]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. & Abelson, R. P. (1977) Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Press. [RCS, JRS]Google Scholar
Searle, J. R. (1979a) Intentionality and the use of language. In: Meaning and use, ed. Margalit, A.. Dordrecht: Reidel. [TN, JRS]Google Scholar
Searle, J. R. (1979b) The intentionality of intention and action. Inquiry 22:253–80. [TN, JRS]Google Scholar
Searle, J. R. (1979c) What is an intentional state? Mind 88:74–92. [JH, GM, TN, JRS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherrington, C. S. (1950) Introductory. In: The physical basis of mind, ed. Laslett, P., Oxford: Basil Blackwell. [JCE]Google Scholar
Slate, J. S. & Atkin, L. R. (1977) CHESS 4.5 – the Northwestern University chess program. In: Chess skill in man and machine, ed. Frey, P. W.. New York, Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Sloman, A. (1978) The computer revolution in philosophy. Harvester Press and Humanities Press. [AS]Google Scholar
Sloman, A. (1979) The primacy of non-communicative language. In: The analysis of meaning (informatics 5), ed. McCafferty, M. & Gray, K.. London: ASLIB and British Computer Society. [AS]Google Scholar
Smith, E. E.; Adams, N.; & Schorr, D. (1978) Fact retrieval and the paradox of interference. Cognitive Psychology 10:438–64. [RCS]Google Scholar
Smythe, W. E. (1979) The analogical/propositional debate about mental representation: a Goodmanian analysis. Paper presented at the 5th annual meeting of the Society for Philosophy and Psychology, New York City. [WES]Google Scholar
Sperry, R. W. (1969) A modified concept of consciousness. Psychological Review 76:532–36. [TN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sperry, R. W. (1970) An objective approach to subjective experience: further explanation of a hypothesis. Psychological Review 77:585–90. [TN]Google Scholar
Sperry, R. W. (1976) Mental phenomena as causal determinants in brain function. In: Consciousness and the brain, ed. Globus, G. G., Maxwell, G., & Savodnik, I.. New York: Plenum Press. [TN]Google Scholar
Stich, S. P. (in preparation) On the ascription of content. In: Entertaining thoughts, ed. Woodfield, A.. [WGL]Google Scholar
Thorne, J. P. (1968) A computer model for the perception of syntactic structure. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 171:377–86. [JCM]Google Scholar
Turing, A. M. (1964) Computing machinery and intelligence. In: Minds and machines, ed. Anderson, A. R., pp. 4–30. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. [MR]Google Scholar
Weizenbaum, J. (1965) Eliza – a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communication of the Association for Computing Machinery 9:36–45. [JRS]Google Scholar
Weizenbaum, J. (1976) Computer power and human reason. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. [JRS]Google Scholar
Winograd, T. (1973) A procedural model of language understanding. In: Computer models of thought and language, ed. Schank, R. & Colby, K.. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. [JRS]Google Scholar
Winston, P. H. (1977) Artificial intelligence. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley; [JRS]Google Scholar
Woodruff, G. & Premack, D. (1979) Intentional communication in the chimpanzee: the development of deception. Cognition 7:333–62. [JCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar