Unitary or multiple pathways: The trap of radical behaviorism

Abstract

Early and automatic neuropsychological processes may be influenced by altered dopaminergic functions but cannot be fully explained by these or by altered reinforcement and extinction processes. The reinforcement- extinction model is excellent for understanding certain causal pathways of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it can hardly explain the heterogeneous developmental trajectories of ADHD fully. It should be integrated into a multiple pathways model.