Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T11:31:51.639Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Primate group size, brains and communication: A New World perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Charles H. Janson
Charles H. Janson
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794–5245 Electronic mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 16 , Issue 4 , December 1993 , pp. 711 - 712
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aiello, L. C. & Dean, C. (1990) An introduction to human evolutionary anatomy. Academic Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Aiello, L. C. & Dunbar, R. I. M. (1993) Neocortex size, group size, and the evolution of language. Current Anthropology 34:184–93. [arRIMD]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1977) Natural selection and the analysis of human sociality. In: Changing scenes in natural sciences, 1776–1976, ed. Goulden, C. E.. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. [CLB]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1990) How did humans evolve? Reflections on the uniquely unique species. Museum of Zoology, The University of Michigan Special Publication 1:1–38. [CLB]Google Scholar
Allman, J. (1990) The origin of the neocortex. Seminars in the Neuroscienccs 2:257–62. [BJ]Google Scholar
Allport, F. H. (1961) The contemporary appraisal of an old problem. Contemporary Psychology 6:195–97. [LCF]Google Scholar
Andrew, R. J. (1976) Use of formants in the grunts of baboons and other nonhuman primates. In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: 280. Origins and evolution of language and speech, ed. Hamad, S. R., Steklis, H. D. & Lancaster, J.. New York Academy of Sciences. [LM]Google Scholar
Armstrong, E., Zilles, K., Curtis, M. & Schleicher, A. (1991) Cortical folding, the lunate sulcus and the evolution of the human brain. Journal of Human Evolution 20:341–48. [DF]Google Scholar
Axelrod, R. & Dion, D. (1989) The further evolution of cooperation. Science 242:1385–90. [AHH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballance, L. T. (1990) Residence patterns, group organization, and surfacing associations of bottlenose dolphins in Kino Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico. In: The bottlenose dolphin, ed. Leatherwood, S. & Reeves, R. R.. Academic Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Barkow, J. H., Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. (1992) The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. Oxford University Press. [LAD]Google Scholar
Barton, R. A. (1985) Grooming site preferences in primates and their functional implications. International Journal of Primatology 6:519–31. [rRIMD.AW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barton, R. A. & Purvis, A. J. (in press) Primate brains and ecology: Looking beneath the surface. In: Proceedings of the XIVth Congress of the International Primatological Society, Strasbourg. [rRIMD, RAB]Google Scholar
Bearder, S. K. (1987) Lorises, bushbabies, and tarsiers: Diverse societies in solitary foragers. In: Primate societies, ed., Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [MH]Google Scholar
Becher, T. (1989) Academic tribes and territories. Open University Press: Milton Keynes. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Beranek, L. L. (1954) Acoustics. McGraw-Hill. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Biber, M. & Symmes, D. (1991) Playback studies of affiliative vocalizing in captive squirrel monkeys. Behaviour 117:1–19. [RJA]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and species. University of Chicago Press. [LM]Google Scholar
Birdsell, J. B. (1970) Local group composition among the Australian aborigines: A critique of the evidence from fieldwork conducted since 1930. Current Anthropology 11:115–42. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Blinkov, S. M. & Glezer, I. I. (1968) The human brain in figures and tables. Plenum Press. [IIG]Google Scholar
Blumenberg, B. (1983) The evolution of the advanced hominid brain. Current Anthropology 24:589–623. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Boinski, S. (1988) Sex differences in the foraging behavior of squirrel monkeys in a seasonal habitat. Behavioral Ecology and Sociohiology 23:177–86. [CHJ]Google Scholar
Boinski, S. (1991) The coordination of spatial position: A field study of the vocal behavior of adult female squirrel monkeys. Animal Behaviour 41:89–102. [BJ.CHJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boinski, S. (1993) Vocal coordination of troop movement among white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus. American Journal of Primatology 30:85–100. [BJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boinski, S. & Mitchell, C. L. (1992) Ecological and social factors affecting the vocal behavior of adult female squirrel monkeys. Ethology 92:316–30. [CHJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, R. (1992) The evolution of reciprocity when conditions vary. In: Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals, ed. Harcourt, A. H. & de Waal, F. B. M.. Oxford University Press. [AHH]Google Scholar
Boyd, R. & Richerson, P. J. (1985) Culture and the evolutionary process. University of Chicago Press. [LAD]Google Scholar
Brace, C. L. (1991) The stages of human evolution, 4th ed.Prentice-Hall. [CLB]Google Scholar
Brace, C. L. (in press a) A four letter word called “race.” In: Papers in honor of Ashley Montagu, ed. Reynolds, L. & Lieberman, L.. General Hall Publishers. [CLB]Google Scholar
Brace, C. L. (in press b) Modern human origins and the dynamics of regional continuity. In: Prehistoric Mongoloid Dispersals Symposium 1992, ed. Akazawa, T.. Oxford University Press. [CLB]Google Scholar
Bradbury, J. W. (1986) Social complexity and cooperation behavior in delphinids. In: Dolphin cognition and behavior: A comparative approach, ed. Schusterman, R. J., Thomas, J. A. & Wood, F. G.. Erlbaum. [BJ]Google Scholar
Brothers, L. (1990) The social brain: A project for integrating primate behaviour and neuropsychology in a new domain. Concepts in Neuroscience 1:27–51. [AW]Google Scholar
Brown, E. D. & Farnbough, S. M. (1991) Song sharing in Australian magpie, Gymnorhina tibicens. Behaviour 118:244–74. [RJA]Google Scholar
Bryant, F. C. (1981) We're all kin: A cultural study of a mountain neighbourhood. University of Tennessee Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Buck, R. & Cinsburg, B. (1991) Spontaneous communication and altruism: The communicative gene hypothesis. In: Prosocial behavior, ed. Clark, M. S.. Sage. [rRIMD.MEH]Google Scholar
Burling, R. (1993) Primate calls, human language and nonverbal communication. Current Anthropology 34:25–54. [rRIMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buys, C. J. & Larsen, K. L. (1979) Human sympathy groups. Psychological Report 45:547–53. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Byrne, R. W. (1994) The evolution of intelligence. In: The evolution of behaviour, ed. Slater, P. J. B. & Halliday, T. R.. Cambridge University Press. [RWB]Google Scholar
Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A. (1985) Tactical deception of familiar individuals in baboons (Papio ursinus). Animal Behaviour 33:669–73. [RWB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A. eds. (1988) Machiavellian Intelligence. Oxford University Press. [aRIMD, RAB, AHH, AW]Google Scholar
Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A. (1990) Tactical deception in primates: The 1990 database. Primate Report 27:1–101. [RWB]Google Scholar
Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A. (1992) Cognitive evolution in primates: Evidence from tactical deception. Man 27:609–27. [RWB]Google Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (1982) Did throwing stones shape hominid brain evolution? Ethology and Sociobiology 3:115–24. [BJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carneiro, R. L. (1970) A theory of the origin of the state. Science 169:733–38. [RBG]Google Scholar
Carneiro, R. L. (1988) The circumspection theory: Challenge and response. American Behavioral Scientist 31:497–511. [RBG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cashdan, E., ed. (1990) Risk and uncertainty in tribal and peasant economies. Westview Press. [RJ]Google Scholar
Chagnon, N. A. (1974) Studying the Yanomamo. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [RBG]Google Scholar
Chagnon, N. A. (1979) Mate competition, favouring close kin and village fissioning among the Yanomamo Indians. In: Evolutionary biology and human social behaviour, ed. Chagnon, N. & Irons, W.. Duxbury Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. (1983) Extrafamilial alliances among vervet monkeys. In: Primate social relationships, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Blackwell Scientific. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. (1992) Intragroup cohesion and intergroup hostility: The relationship between grooming distributions and intergroup competition among female primates. Behavioral Ecology 3(4):334. [aRIMD.MH.BJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1982) How vervet monkeys perceive their grunts: Field playback experiments. Animal Behaviour 30:739–51. [aRIMD.LM]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1988) Social and non-social knowledge in vervet monkeys. In: Machiavellian Intelligence, ed. Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A.. Oxford University Press. [AW]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990) How monkeys see the world. University of Chicago Press. [rRIMD, AHH, LM, RMS]Google Scholar
Cheverud, J. M., Dow, M. M. & Leutenegger, W. (1985) The quantitative assessment of phylogenetic constraints in comparative analyses: Sexual dimorphism in body weight among primates. Emhition 39:1335–51. [EPM]Google Scholar
Clarke, A. S., Mason, W. & Moberg, G. P. (1988) Differential behavioral and adrenocortical responses to stress among three macaque species. American Journal of Primatology 14:37–52. [BJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cloninger, C. R. & Gilligan, S. B. (1987) Neurogenetic mechanisms of learning: A phylogenetic perspective. Journal of Psychiatric Research 21(4):457–72. [BJ]Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. & Harvey, P. H. (1977a) Primate ecology and social organization. Journal of Zoology (London) 183:1–39. [AHH]Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. & Harvey, P. H. (1977b) Species differences in feeding and ranging behaviour in primates. In: Primate ecology, ed. Clutton-Brock, T. H.. Academic Press. [HAB]Google Scholar
Cohen, J. E. (1971) Casual groups of monkeys and men. Harvard University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Cohen, M. N. (1977) The food crisis in prehistory: Overpopulation and the origins of agriculture. Yale University Press. [RBG]Google Scholar
Coleman, J. S. (1964) Introduction to mathematical sociology. Collier-Macmillan. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Conkey, M. W. & Spector, J. D. (1984) Archaeology and the study of gender. In: Advances in the study of archaeological method and theory, vol. 7, ed. Schiffer, M. B.. Academic Press. [RJ]Google Scholar
Connor, R. C., Smolker, R. A. & Richards, A. F. (1992) Dolphin alliances and coalitions. In: Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals, ed. Harcourt, A. H. & de Waal, F. B. M.. Oxford University Press. [AHH]Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (1991) The lopsided ape. Oxford University Press. [MCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (1992) On the evolution of language and generativity. Cognition 44:197–226. [MCC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crockett, C. M. & Eisenberg, J. F. (1987) Howlers: Variations in group size and demography. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [IIG.CTS]Google Scholar
Damas, D. (1968) The diversity of Eskimo societies. In: Man the hunter, ed. Lee, R. & DeVore, I.. Aldine. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1871) The origin of the species and the descent of man. Random House. [BJ]Google Scholar
Dasser, V. (1988) A social concept in Java monkeys. Animal Behaviour 36:225–30. [RMS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J. A. (1967) Clustering and structural balance in graphs. Human Relations 20:181–87. [LCF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1984) Connections of the inferior periarcuate area in the brain of Macaca fascicularis. An experimental and comparative investigation of language circuitry and its evolution. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University. [RLH]Google Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1990) Fallacies of progression in theories of brain-size evolution. International Journal of Primatology 11:193–236. [rRIMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, D. (1992) The interpenetration of dialectic and hierarchy theory: A paleobehavioral example. In: Levels of social behavior: Evolutionary and genetic aspects, ed. Tobach, E. & Greenberg, G.. T. C. Schneirla Research Fund. [DD]Google Scholar
de Condillac, E. B. (1746/1947) Essai sur l'origine des connaissances humaines, ouvrage ou l'on reduit a un seul principe tout ce que concerne l'entendement. Oeuvres philosophiques de Condillac. Georges Leroy. [MCC]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. (1991) Consciousness explained. Allen Lane. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
de Sola Poole, I. & Kochen, M. (1978) Contacts and influence. Social Networks 1:5–51. [LCF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeSoto, C. B. (1960) Learning a social structure. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 60:417–21. [LCF]Google Scholar
de Waal, F. B. M. (1989) Peacemaking among primates. Harvard University Press. [MC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Waal, F. B. M. (1992) Coalitions as part of reciprocal relations in the Arnhem chimpanzee colony. In: Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals, ed. Harcourt, A. H. & de Waal, F. B. M.. Oxford University Press. [AHH]Google Scholar
de Waal, F. & Luttrell, L. M. (1986) The similarity principle underlying social bonding among female rhesus monkeys. Folia Primatologica 46:215–34. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Diamond, M. C. (1988) Enriching heredity: The impact of the environment on the anatomy of the brain. Free Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Donald, M. (1991) Origins of the modern mind: Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition. Harvard University Press. [MD]Google Scholar
Drucker, P. (1955) Indians of the northwest coast. Natural History Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1984) Reproductive decisions: An economic analysis of gelada baboon social strategies. Princeton University Press. [arRIMD.LM]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1987) Demography and reproduction. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [RBG]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1988) Primate social systems. Chapman & Hall and Cornell University Press. [arRIMD, RAF, BJ]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1989a) Social systems as optimal strategy sets: The costs and benefits of sociality. In: Comparative socioecology, ed. Standen, V. & Foley, R.. Blackwell Scientific. [arRIMD]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1989b) Ecological modelling in an evolutionary context. Folia Primatologica 53:235–46. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1991) Functional significance of social grooming in primates. Folia Primatologica 57:121–31. [arRIMD, MC, CHJ, EPM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1992a) Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates. Journal of Human Evolution 20:469–93. [arRIMD, TWD, DF, RAF, CHJ, EPM]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1992b) Time: A hidden constraint on the behavioural ecology of baboons. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 31:35–49. [arRIMD.RAF.AHH]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1992c) Behavioural ecology of the extinet papionines. Journal of Human Evolution 22:407–21. [rKIMO]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1993) Socioecology of the extinet theropiths: A modelling approach. In: Theropithecus: The rise and fall of a primate genus, ed. Jablonski, N. G.. Cambridge University Press. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (in press) Ecological constraints on group size in baboons. In: Animal societies: Individuals, interactions and social organisation, ed. Jarman, P. & Hossiter, A.. Kyoto University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M., Buckland, D. & Miller, D. (1990) Mating strategies of male feral goats: A problem in optimal foraging. Animal Behaviour 40:653–67. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. & Dunbar, P. (1980) The pairbond in klispringer. Animal Behaviour 28:219–29. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. & Dunbar, P. (1981) Grouping behaviour of male walia ibex, with special reference to the rut. African Journal of Ecology 19:251–63. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. & Duncan, N. (in preparation) Behavioural aspects of human conversations. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. & Roberts, S. C. (1992) Territory quality in mountain reedbuck (Redunca fulvonifula chanleri): Distance to safety. Ethology 90:134–42. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Ellen, R. (1978) Environment, subsistence and system. Cambridge University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Emler, N. (1990) A social psychology of reputation. European Review of Social Psychology 1:171–93. [AW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enquist, M. & Leimar, O. (1993) The evolution of cooperation in mobile organisms. Animal Behaviour 45:747–57. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Evans, P. G. H. (1987) The natural history of whales and dolphins. Facts on File Publication. [BJ]Google Scholar
Falk, D. (1983) Cerebral cortices of East African early hominids. Science 221:1072–74. [DF]Google Scholar
Falk, D. (1990) Brain and evolution in Homo: The “radiator” theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:333–81. [BJ]Google Scholar
Falk, D. (1992a) Braindance. Henry Holt. [DF]Google Scholar
Falk, D. (1992b) Evolution of the brain and cognition in hominids. Sixty-Second James Arthur Lecture on “The Evolution of the Human Brain.” American Museum of Natural History. [DF]Google Scholar
Falk, D., Hildebolt, C. & Vannier, M. W. (1989) Reassessment of the Taung early hominid from a neurological perspective. Journal of Human Evolution 18:485–92. [DF]Google Scholar
Felleman, F. L., Hemilich-Boran, J. R. & Osborne, R. W. (1991) The feeding ecology of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the Pacific Northwest. In: Dolphin societies: Discoveries and puzzles, ed. Pryor, K. & Norris, K. S.. University of California Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Felsenstein, J. (1985) Phylogenies and the comparative method. American Naturalist 125:1–15. [RAB.EPM]Google Scholar
Ferrer, I. & Perera, M. (1988) Structure and nerve cell organization in the cerebral cortex of the dolphin Stennela coertileoalba, a Golgi study. Anatomy and Embryology 178:161–73. [BJ]Google Scholar
Fisher, H. E. (1989) Evolution of human serial pairbonding. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78:331–54. [IIG]Google Scholar
Fleagle, J. G. & Kay, R. F. (1985) Catarrhine paleobiology. In: Ancestors: The hard evidence, ed. Delson, E.. Alan R. Liss. [DD]Google Scholar
Foley, R. A. (1989) The ecological conditions of speciation: A comparative approach to the origins of anatomically modern humans. In: The human revolution, ed. Mellars, P. & Stringer, C.. Edinburgh University Press. [RAF]Google Scholar
Foley, R. A. (1990) The causes of brain enlargement in human evolution. [Commentary on “Brain evolution in Homo: The ‘radiator’ theory” by Falk.] Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:354–56. [BJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foley, R. A. (1993) The influence of seasonality on hominid evolution. In: Seasonality and human evolution, ed. Ulijaszek, S. J. & Strickland, S.. Cambridge University Press. [RAF]Google Scholar
Foley, R. A. & Lee, P. C. (1989) Finite social space, evolutionary pathways and reconstructing hominid behavior. Science 243:901–6. [RAF]Google Scholar
Foley, R. A. & Lee, P. C. (1991) Ecology and energetics of encephalization in hominid evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 334:223–32. [RAF]Google Scholar
Ford, S. M. (1986) Systematics of the New World monkeys. In: Comparative primate biology. Vol. 1: Systematics, evolution and anatomy, ed. Swindler, D. R. & Erwin, J.. Alan R. Liss. [EPM]Google Scholar
Forge, A. (1972) Normative factors in the settlement size of Neolithic cultivators (New Guinea) In: Man, settlement and urbanisation, ed. Ucko, P., Tringham, R. & Dimbelby, G.. Duckworth. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Fossey, D. (1972) Vocalizations of the mountain gorilla. Animal Behaviour 209:36–53. [LM]Google Scholar
Freeman, L. C. (1992a) Filling in the blanks: A theory of cognitive categories and the structure of social affiliation. Social Psychology Quarterly 55:118–27. [LCF]Google Scholar
Freeman, L. C. (1992b) The sociological concept of “group”: An empirical test of two models. American Journal of Sociology 98:152–66. [LCF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, L. C. & Webster, C. M. (1993) Interpersonal proximity in social and cognitive space (submitted). [LCF]Google Scholar
Gamble, C. (1986) The Paleolithic settlement of Europe. Cambridge University Press. [MEH]Google Scholar
Garey, L. J., Winkelmann, E. & Brauer, K. (1985) Golgi and Nissl studies of the visual cortex of the bottlenose dolphin. Journal of Comparative Neurology 240:305–21. [BJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geist, V. (1978) Life strategies, human evolution, environmental design. Springer-Verlag. [MEH]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1986) Cognition, brain size and the extraction of embedded food resources. In: Primate ontogeny, cognition and social behaviour, ed. Else, J. G. & Lee, P. C.. Cambridge University Press. [RAF]Google Scholar
Glendinning, I. (1993) Letter. New Scientist (2 01): 47. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1988) Topography of cognition: Parallel distributed networks in primate association cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience 11:137–50. [MH]Google Scholar
Goldstine, H. H. (1972) The computer from Pascal to von Neumann. Princeton University Press. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1986) The chimpanzees of Combe. Harvard University Press. [LM]Google Scholar
Gouzoules, H. & Gouzoules, S. (1990) Matrilineal signatures in the recruitment screams of pigtail monkeys, Macaca nemestrina. Behaviour 115:327–47. [RJA]Google Scholar
Gouzoules, S., Gouzoules, H. & Marler, P. (1984) Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) screams: Representational signalling in the recruitment of agonistic aid. Animal Behaviour 32:182–93. [AHH.AW]Google Scholar
Graber, R. B. (1991) Population pressure, agricultural origins, and cultural evolution: Constrained mobility or inhibited expansion? American Anthropologist 93:692–95. [RBG]Google Scholar
Graber, R. B. (1993) Population growth and sociocultural evolution: When splitting and spreading stop working. Thomas Jefferson University Press. [RBG]Google Scholar
Grafen, A. (1989) The phylogenetic regression. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Scries B 326:119–57. [RAU.EPM]Google Scholar
Gurevich, M. (1961) The social structure of acquaintanceship networks. Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [LCF]Google Scholar
Hallpike, C. R. (1977) Bloodshed and vengeance in the Papuan mountains. Oxford University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1964) The genetical theory of social behavior, I, II. Journal of Theoretical Biology 7:1–52. [CLB]Google Scholar
Hansen, L. J. (1990) California coastal bottlenose dolphins. In: The bottlenose dolphin, ed. Leatherwood, S. & Reeves, R. R.. Academic Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Harako, R. (1981) The cultural ecology of hunting behaviour among Mbuti pygmies in the Ituri Forest, Zaire. In: Omnivorous primates, R. S. O. Harding & C. Teleki. Columbia University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Harcourt, A. H. (1992) Coalitions and alliances: Are primates more complex than non-primates? In: Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals, ed. Harcourt, A. H. & de Waal, F. B. M.. Oxford University Press. [AHH.RMS]Google Scholar
Harcourt, A. H. & de Waal, F. B. M., eds. (1992) Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals. Oxford University Press. [AHH]Google Scholar
Hardin, G. (1988) Common failing. New Scientist 102(1635):76. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Harvey, P. H., Martin, R. D. & Clutton-Brock, T. C. (1987) Life histories in comparative perspective. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Harvey, P. H. & Pagel, M. D. (1991) The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford University Press. [RAB.EPM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassan, F. A. (1981) Demographic archaeology. Academic Press. [MEH]Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D. (1992a) Articulatory and social factors influence the acoustic structure of rhesus monkey vocalizations: A learned mode of production? Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91:2175–79. [MH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser, M. D. (1992b) A mechanism guiding conversational turn-taking in vervet monkeys and rhesus macaques. In: Topics in primatology. Vol. 1: Human origins, ed. Nishida, T., McGrew, W. C., Marler, P., Pickford, M. & de Waal, F.. Tokyo University Press. [MH]Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D. (1992c) Costs of deception: Cheaters are punished in rhesus monkeys (Macaco mulatta) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89:12137–39. [AHH]Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D. & Fowler, C. (1991) Declination in fundamental frequency is not unique to human speech: Evidence from nonhuman primates. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91:363–69. [MH]Google Scholar
Haverfield, F. J. (1955) Roman army. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14th ed. 19:395–99. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Helm, J. (1968) The nature of Dogrib socioterritorial groups. In: Man the hunter, ed. Lee, R. & DeVore, I.. Aldine. [aRIMD.RJ]Google Scholar
Hempel, C. G. (1965) Aspects of scientific explanation and other essays in the philosophy of science. Free Press. [RHG]Google Scholar
Hershkovitz, P. (1977) Living New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) with an introduction to the primates. University of Chicago Press. [CHJ]Google Scholar
Hewes, G. W. (1973) Primate communication and the gestural origins of language. Current Anthropology 14:5–24. [MCC]Google Scholar
Hewlett, B. S. (1988) Sexual selection and paternal investment among Aka pygmies. In: Human reproductive behaviour, ed. Betzig, L., Borgerhoff-Mulder, M. & Turke, P.. Cambridge University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Higley, J. D., Mehlman, P. T., Taub, D. M., Higley, S. B., Suomi, S. J., Linnoila, M. & Vickers, J. H. (1992) Cerebralspinal fluid monoamine and adrenal correlates of aggression in free-ranging rhesus monkeys. Archives of General Psychiatry 49:436–41. [BJ]Google Scholar
Hoad, T. F., ed. (1986) The concise Oxford dictionary of English etymology. Oxford University Press. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Hofman, M. A. (1982) Encephalization in mammals in relation to the size of the cerebral cortex. Brain Behavior & Evolution 20:84–96. [IIG]Google Scholar
Hofman, M. A. (1985) Size and shape of the cerebral cortex in mammals. Brain Behavior & Evolution 27:28–40. [IIG]Google Scholar
Hofman, M. A. (1988) Size and shape of the cerebral cortex in mammals. I. The cortical surface. Brain Behavior & Evolution 32:17–26. [IIG]Google Scholar
Hofman, M. A. (1989) On the evolution and geometry of the brain in mammals. Progress in Neurobiology 32:137–58. [IIG]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1966) Cranial capacity and neuron number: Critique and proposal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 25:305–14. [RLH]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1967) The evolution of the human brain: Some notes toward a synthesis between neural structure and the evolution of complex behavior. General Systems 12:3–19. [RLH]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1974) On the meaning of brain size. Review of Jerison's Evolution of the brain and intelligence. Science 184:677–79. [RLH]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1979) Brain size, allometry, and reorganization: Toward a synthesis. In: Development and evolution of brain size: Behavioral implications, ed. Hahn, M. E., Jensen, C. & Dudek, B. C.. Academic Press. [RLH]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1981) Cultural systems and brain evolution. Dialectical Anthropology 5:287–303. [RLH]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1992) The failure of the Gyrification Index (GI) to account for the volumetric reorganization in the evolution of the human brain. Journal of Human Evolution 22:163–70. [RLH]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. & Post, D. (1982) The relativity of relative brain measures and hominid evolution. In: Primate brain evolution, ed. Armstrong, E. & Falk, D.. Plenum Press. [RLH]Google Scholar
Honigmann, J. J. (1946) Ethnography and acculturation of the Fort Nelson Slave. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, no. 33. [RJ]Google Scholar
Hoogland, J. L. (1983) Nepotism and alarm calling in the black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus. Animal Behaviour 31:472–79. [AHH]Google Scholar
Humphrey, N. K. (1976) The social function of intellect. In: Growing points in ethology, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Hinde, R. A.. Cambridge University Press. [aRIMD, CLB, RAF, MEH]Google Scholar
Huxley, J. (1942) Evolution: The modern synthesis. Allen & Unwin. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Indik, B. P. (1965) Organisation size and member participation: Some empirical tests of alternative hypotheses. Human Relations 18:339–50. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Ingold, T., Riches, D. & Woodburn, J. (1988) Hunters and gatherers, vols. 1 & 2. Berg. [RJ]Google Scholar
Irimoto, T. (1981) Chipewyan ecology: Group structure and caribou hunting systems. Senri ethnological studies, no. 8. National Museum of Ethnology. [RJ]Google Scholar
Irwin, C. J. (1987) A study in the evolution of ethnocentrism. In: The sociobiology of ethnocentrism, ed. Reynolds, V., Falger, V. & Vine, I.. Croom Helm. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Iwamoto, T. & Dunbar, R. I. M. (1983) Thermoregulation, habitat quality and the behavioural ecology of gelada baboons. Journal of Animal Ecology 52:357–66. [arRIMD]Google Scholar
Jacobs, B. L. & Azmita, E. C. (1992) Structure and function of the brain serotonin system. Physiological Reviews 72(1):165–229. [BJ]Google Scholar
Jacobs, B., Schall, M. & Scheibel, A. B. (1993) A quantitative dendritic analysis of Wernicke's area in humans. II. Gender, hemispheric, and environmental factors. Journal of Comparative Neurology 327:97–111. [BJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
James, J. (1952) A preliminary study of the size determinant in small group interaction. American Sociological Review 16:474–77. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
James, J. (1953) The distribution of free-forming small group size. American Sociological Review 18:569–70. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Janes, R. (1983) Archaeological ethnography among Mackenzie Basin Dene, Canada. The Arctic Institute of North America technical paper, no. 28. University of Calgary. [RJ]Google Scholar
Jarvenpa, R. & Brumbach, H. (1988) Socio-spatial organization and decision-making processes: Observations from the Chipewyan. American Anthropologist 90:598–618. [RJ]Google Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1973) Evolution of the brain and intelligence. Academic Press. [aRIMD, IIG, RLH]Google Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1986) The perceptual worlds of dolphins. In: Dolphin cognition and behavior: A comparative approach, ed. Schusterman, R. J., Thomas, J. A. & Wood, F. G.. Erlbaum. [BJ]Google Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1988) Evolutionary biology of intelligence: The nature of the problem. In: Intelligence and evolutionary biology, ed. Jerison, H. J. & Jerison, I.. Springer-Verlag. [HJJ]Google Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1990) Fossil evidence on the evolution of the neocortex. In: Cerebral cortex, vol. 8A, ed. Jones, E. G. & Peters, A.. Plenum Press. [HJJ]Google Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1991a) Fossil brains and the evolution of the neocortex. In: The neocortex:Ontogeny and phylogeny, ed. Finlay, B., Innocenti, G. & Scheich, H.. Plenum Press. [HJJ]Google Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1991b) Brain size and the evolution of mind. The 59th James Arthur lecture on the evolution of the human brain. American Museum of Natural History. [HJJ]Google Scholar
Johnson, A. W. & Earle, T. (1987) The evolution of human societies. Stanford University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Jolly, A. (1969) Lemur social behaviour and primate intelligence. Science 153:501–6. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Kawai, M. (1979) Auditory communication and social relations. In: Ecological and sociological studies of gelada baboons, ed. Kawai, M.. Japan Science Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Kay, R. F., Plavcan, J. M., Glander, K. E. & Wright, P. C. (1988) Sexual selection and canine dimorphism in New World monkeys. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 77:385–97. [DD]Google Scholar
Killworth, P. D., Bernard, H. R. & McCarty, C. (1984) Measuring patterns of acquaintanceship. Current Anthropology 25:391–97. [aRIMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinzey, W. G. & Wright, P. C. (1982) Grooming behavior in the titi monkey, Callicebus torquatus. American Journal of Primatology 3 (1–4):267–75. [IIG]Google Scholar
Klein, L. L. & Klein, D. J. (1977) Feeding behavior of the Colombian spider monkey, Ateles belzebuth. In: Primate ecology, ed. Clutton-Brock, T. H.. Academic Press. [CHJ]Google Scholar
Klekamp, J., Reidel, A., Harper, C. & Kretschmann, H. J. (1987) A quantitative study on Australian Aboriginal and Caucasian brains. Journal of Anatomy 150:191–210. [RLH]Google Scholar
Knauft, B. (1987) Reconsidering violence in simple human societies: Homicide among the Gebusi of New Guinea. Current Anthropology 28:457–500. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
IIIKrech, S., ed. (1984) The subarctic fur trade: Native social and economic adaptations. University of British Columbia Press. [RJ]Google Scholar
Krushinskaya, N. L. (1986) The behavior of cetaceans. Investigations of Cetacea 19:115–273. [BJ]Google Scholar
Kruska, D. (1987) How fast can total brain size change in mammals? Journal für Hirnforschung 28:59–70. [IIG]Google Scholar
Kudo, H., Bloom, S. & Dunbar, R. (in preparation) Neocortex size as a constraint on social network size in primates. [arRIMD, AW]Google Scholar
Kummer, H. (1968) Social organization of hamadryas baboons. University of Chicago Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Kummer, H. (1982) Social knowledge in free-ranging primates. In: Animal mind – human mind, ed. Griffin, D.. Springer-Verlag. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Leacock, E. (1969) The Montagnais-Naskapi band. In: Band societies, ed. Damas, D.. National Museum of Canada. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Leacock, E. & Lee, R. B., eds. (1982) Politics and history in band societies. Cambridge University Press. [RJ]Google Scholar
Lee, R. B. (1982) The !Kung San: Men, women and work in a foraging society. Cambridge University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Lee, R. B. (1992) Art, science, or politics? The crisis in hunter-gatherer studies. American Anthropologist 94:31–54. [RJ]Google Scholar
Legget, R. F. & Northwood, T. D. (1960) Noise surveys of cocktail parties. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 32:16–18. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Little, B. B. (1989) Gestation length, metabolic rate, and body and brain weights in primates: Epigenetic effects. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 80:213–18. [IIG]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. & Perry, A. (1949) The method of matrix analysis of group structure. Psychometrika 14:95–116. [LCF]Google Scholar
Lynch, M. (1991) Methods for the analysis of comparative data in evolutionary biology. Evolution 45:1065–80. [EPM]Google Scholar
MacDonald, C. B. (1955) Company. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14th ed. 6:143–44. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Maddison, W. P. (1990) A method for testing the correlated evolution of two binary characters: Are gains or losses concentrated on certain branches of a phylogenetic tree? Evolution 44:539–57. [EPM]Google Scholar
Mange, A. & Mange, E. (1980) Genetics: Human aspects. Saunders. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Markowitsch, H. J. (1988) Information processing by the brain. Hans Hnber. [IIG]Google Scholar
Martin, R. D. (1983) Human brain evolution in an ecological context. Fifty-Second James Arthur Lecture on “The Evolution of the Human Brain.” American Museum of Natural History. [aRIMD, RLH]Google Scholar
Martins, E. P. & Garland, T. Jr., (1991) Phylogenetic analyses of the correlated evolution of continuous characters: A simulation study. Evolution 45:534–57. [EPM]Google Scholar
Maryanski, A. R. (1987) African ape social structure: Is there strength in weak ties? Social Networks 9:191–215. [LCF]Google Scholar
Masataka, N. & Fujita, K. (1989) Vocal learning of Japanese and rhesus monkeys. Behaviour 109:191–99. [RJA]Google Scholar
Mazziotta, J. C., Valentino, D., Grafton, S., Bookstein, F., Pelizzari, C., Chen, G. & Toga, A. W. (1991) Relating structure to function in vivo with tomographic imaging. Ciba Foundation Symposium 163:93–101; discussion 101–12. [HJJ]Google Scholar
McCune, L. (1992) First words: A dynamic systems view. In: Phonological development: Models, research, implications, eds. C. A. Ferguson, L. Menu & C. Stoel-Gammon. York Press. [LM]Google Scholar
McCune, L., Vihman, M., Roug-Hellichius, L., Gogate, L. & Delery, D. (submitted) The natural history of grunts in infant communication. [LM]Google Scholar
Meggitt, M. J. (1962) Desert people: A study of the Walribi Aborigines of central Australia. University of Chicago Press. [RBG]Google Scholar
Meggitt, M. J. (1965a) Desert people. University of Chicago Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Meggitt, M. J. (1965b) The lineage system of the Mae-Enga of New Guinea. Oliver & Boyd. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Menzel, C. R. (1991) Cognitive aspects of foraging in Japanese monkeys. Animal Behaviour 41:397–402. [BJ]Google Scholar
Milardo, R. M. (1988) Families and social networks: An overview of theory and methodology. In: Families and social networks, ed. Milardo, R. M.. Sage. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Milton, K. (1988) Foraging behaviour and the evolution of primate intelligence. In: Machiavellian Intelligence, ed. Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A.. Oxford University Press. [RAF, AHH]Google Scholar
Mitchell, C., Boinski, S. & van Schaik, C. P. (1991) Competitive regimes and female bonding in two species of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi and S. sciurcus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 28:55–60. [CHJ]Google Scholar
Mitchell, J. C., ed. (1969) Social networks in urban situations. University of Manchester Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. W. & Thompson, N. S. (1986) Deception: Perspectives on human and nonhuman deceit. State University of New York Press. [DD]Google Scholar
Mithen, S. J. (1990s) Thoughful foragers: A study of prehistoric decision making. Cambridge University Press. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Montross, L. (1975) Tactics. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed. 19:572–83. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Moreau, R. (1984) The computer comes of age. MIT Press. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Morgane, P. J., Glezer, I. I. & Jacobs, M. S. (1988) Visual cortex of the dolphin: An image analysis study. Journal of Comparative Neurology 273:3–25. [BJ]Google Scholar
Morgane, P. J., Jacobs, M. S. & Galaburda, A. (1985) Conservative features of neocortical evolution in dolphin brain. Brain Behavior & Evolution 26:176–84. [BJ]Google Scholar
Mori, A. (1977) The social organisation of the provisioned Japanese monkey troops which have extraordinarily large population sizes. Journal of the Anthropological Society. Nippon 85:325–45. [rRIMD, AHH]Google Scholar
Morris, B. (1982) The family, group structuring and trade among South Indian hunter-gatherers. In: Politics and history in band societies, ed. Leacock, E. & Lee, R.. Cambridge University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Moss, C. J. & Poole, J. H. (1983) Relationships and social structure of African elephants. In: Primate social relationships, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Blackwell Scientific. [AHH]Google Scholar
Naroll, R. (1956) A preliminary index of social development. American Anthropologist 58:687–715. [aRIMD, HK]Google Scholar
Neville, M. K., Glander, K. E., Braza, F. & Rylands, A. B. (1988) The howling monkeys, genus Alouatta. In: Ecology and behavior of neotropical primates, vol. 2, ed. Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B., Coimbra-Filho, A. F. & Fonseca, G. A. B.. World Wildlife Fund. [IIG]Google Scholar
Newport, E. L. (1990) Maturational constraints on language learning. Cognitive Science 14:11–28. [MCC]Google Scholar
Norris, K. S. & Dohl, T. P. (1980) The structure and functions of cetacean schools. In: Cetacean behavior: Mechanisms and functions, ed. Herman, L. M.. Wiley. [BJ]Google Scholar
Oates, J. (1977) Mesopotamian social organisation: Archaeological and philological evidence. In: The evolution of social systems, ed. Friedman, J. & Rowlands, M. J.. Duckworth. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Owren, M. J. & Bernacki, R. (1988) The acoustic features of vervet monkey (Cercopithcecus aethiops) alarm calls. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83:1927–35. [MH]Google Scholar
Pagel, M. D. & Harvey, P. H. (1988a) Recent developments in the analysis of comparative data. Quarterly Review of Biology 63:413–40.Google Scholar
Pagel, M. D. & Harvey, P. H. (1988b) The taxon-level problem in the evolution of mammalian brain size: Facts and artifacts. American Naturalist 132:344–59. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Pagel, M. D. & Harvey, P. H. (1989) Comparative methods for examining adaptation depend on evolutionary models. Folia Primatologica 53:203–20. [RAB]Google Scholar
Passingham, R. E. (1973) Anatomical differences between the cortex of man and other primates. Brain Behavior & Evolution 7:337–59. [DF]Google Scholar
Passingham, R. E. (1975) Changes in the size and organization of the brain in man and his ancestors. Brain Behavior & Evolution 11:73–90. [DF]Google Scholar
Passingham, R. E. (1982) The human primate. W. H. Freeman. [RAB]Google Scholar
Pettito, L. A. & Marentette, P. F. (1991) Babbling in the manual mode: Evidence for the ontogeny of language. Science 251:1493–96. [MCC]Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, J. E. (1985) The emergence of humankind. Harper & Row. [MCC]Google Scholar
Pinker, S. & Bloom, P. (1990) Natural language and natural selection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:585–642. [rRIMD, MCC]Google Scholar
Plavcan, J. M. & van Schaik, C. P. (1992) Intrasexual competition and canine dimorphism in anthropoid primates. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 87:461–77. [DD]Google Scholar
Poizner, H., Klima, E. S. & Bellugi, U. (1987) What the hands reveal about the brain. Bradford Books/MIT Press. [MCC]Google Scholar
Porter, L. W. & Lawler, E. E. (1965) Properties of organisation structure in relation to job attributes and job behaviour. Psychological Bulletin 64:23–51. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Poster, M. (1984) Foucault, Marxism & history: Mode of production versus mode of information. Basil Blackwell. [DD]Google Scholar
Price, D. & Beaver, D. (1966) Collaboration in an invisible college. American Psychologist 21:1011–18. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Pryor, K. & Norris, K. S., eds. (1991) Dolphin societies: Discoveries and puzzles. University of California Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Raleigh, M. J., Brammer, G. L., McGuire, M. T., Pollack, D. B. & Yuwiler, A. (1992) Individual differences in basal cisternal cerebrospinal fluid 5-HIAA and HVA in monkeys: The effects of gender, age, physical characteristics and matrilineal influences. Neuropsychopharmacology 7(4):295–304. [BJ]Google Scholar
Raleigh, M. J. & McGuire, M. T. (1989) Female influences on male dominance acquisition in captive vervet monkeys, Cercopithecus aethiops sabeaus. Animal Behaviour 38:59–67. [BJ]Google Scholar
Rayner, J. M. V. (1985) Linear relations in biomechanics: The statistics of scaling functions. Journal of Zoology (London) 206:415–39. [aRIMD, CHJ]Google Scholar
Renner, M. J. & Rosenzweig, M. R. (1987) Enriched and impoverished environments: Effects on brain and behavior. Springer-Verlag. [BJ]Google Scholar
Richman, B. (1976) Some vocal distinctive features used by gelada monkeys. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 60:718–24. [arRIMD, CTS]Google Scholar
Richman, B. (1978) The synchronisation of voices by gelada monkeys. Primates 19:569–81. [arRIMD, MH, CTS]Google Scholar
Richman, B. (1987) Rhythm and melody in gelada vocal exchanges. Primates 28:199–223. [arRIMD, MH, CTS]Google Scholar
Ridgeway, S. H. (1986) Dolphin brain size. In: Research on dolphin, ed. Bryden, M. M. & Harrison, R.. Clarendon Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Robinson, J. G. (1981) Vocal regulation of inter- and intragronp spacing during boundary encounters in the titi monkey, Callicehus moloch. Primates 22:161–72. [CTS]Google Scholar
Robinson, J. G. (1982) Vocal systems regulating within group spacing. In: Primate communication, ed. Snowdon, C. T., Brown, C. H. & Petersen, M. R.. Cambridge University Press. [CTS]Google Scholar
Robinson, J. G., Wright, P. C. & Kinzey, W. G. (1986) Monogamous cebids and their relatives: Intergroup calls and spacing. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [CTS]Google Scholar
Rodseth, L., Wrangham, R. W., Harrigan, A. M. & Smuts, B. B. (1991) The human community as a primate society. Current Anthropology 32:221–41. [MH]Google Scholar
Rogers, E. S. (1963) The hunting group-hunting territory complex among the Mistassini Indians. National Museum of Canada Bulletin, no. 195. [RJ]Google Scholar
Rowell, T. E. & Olson, D. K. (1983) Alternative mechanisms of social organization in monkeys. Behaviour 86:31–54. [MC]Google Scholar
Roy, A., De Jong, J. & Linnoila, M. (1989) Cerebrospinal fluid monoarnine metabolites and suicidal behavior in depressed patients: A five year follow-up study. Archives of General Psychiatry 46:609–12. [BJ]Google Scholar
Saayman, G. S. & Tayler, C. K. (1979) The socioecology of humpback dolphins (Sousa sp.). In: Behavior of marine animals. Vol. 3: Cetaceans, ed. Winn, H. E. & Olla, B. L.. Plenum Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. (1972) Stone age economics. Aldine. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Sailer, L. D. & Gaulin, S. J. C. (1984) Proximity, sociality and observation: The definition of social groups. American Anthropologist 86:91–98. [LCF]Google Scholar
Sawaguchi, T. (1988) Correlations of cerebral indices for “extra” cortical parts and ecological variables in primates. Brain, Behavior & Evolution 32:129–40. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Sawaguchi, T. (1989) Relationships between cerebral indices for “extra” cortical parts and ecological categories in anthropoids. Brain Behavior & Evolution 34:281–93. [IIG]Google Scholar
Sawaguchi, T. (1990) Relative brain size, stratification and social structure in anthropoids. Primates 31:257–72. [AHH, AW]Google Scholar
Sawaguchi, T. (1992) The size of the neocortex in relation to ecology and social structure in monkeys and apes. Folia Primatologica 58:131–45. [IIG]Google Scholar
Sawaguchi, T. & Kudo, H. (1990) Neocortical development and social structure in primates. Primates 31:283–90. [arRIMD.AW]Google Scholar
Schaller, G. (1963) The mountain gorilla: Ecology and behavior. University of Chicago Press. [LM]Google Scholar
Schieffelin, E. L. (1976) The sorrow of the lonely and the burning of the dancers. St. Martin's Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Schlegloff, E. (1972) Sequencing in conversational openings. In: Directions in Sociolinguistics, ed. Gumperz, J. & Hymes, D.. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [LM]Google Scholar
Schwartz, J. H. (1986) Primate systematics and a classification of the order. In: Comparative primate biology. Vol. 1: Systematics, evolution and anatomy, ed. Swindler, D. R. & Erwin, J.. Alan R. Liss. [EPM]Google Scholar
Scott, M. D. & Chivers, S. J. (1990) Distribution and herd structure of bottlenose dolphins in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. In: The bottlenose dolphin, ed. Leatherwood, S. & Reeves, R. R.. Academic Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Scott, M. D. & Ferryman, W. L. (1991) Using aerial photogrammetry to study dolphin school structure. In: Dolphin societies: Discoveries and puzzles, ed. Pryor, K. & Norris, K. S.. University of California Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Seidenberg, M. & Pettito, L. A. (1987) Communication, symbolic communication, and language: Comment on Savage-Rumbaugh, McDonald, Sevcik, Hopkins & Rupert (1986). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 116:279–87. [MCC]Google Scholar
Service, E. R. (1962) Primitive social organization: An evolutionary perspective. Random House. [aRIMD.RBC]Google Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. (1987) Vocal communication and its relation to language. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B., Cheney, D., Seyfarth, R., Wrangham, R. & Struhsaker, T.. University of Chicago Press. [RMS]Google Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D. L. (1984) Grooming, alliances and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys. Nature (London) 308:541–43. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D. L. (in press) The evolution of social cognition in primates. In: Behavioral mechanisms in evolution and ecology ed. L. Real. University of Chicago Press. [RMS]Google Scholar
Sharman, M. (1981) Feeding, ranging and social organisation of the Guinea baboon. Ph.D. dissertation, University of St. Andrews. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Sharp, H. S. (1977) The Chipewyan hunting unit. American Ethnologist 4:377–93. [RJ]Google Scholar
Silberbauer, G. B. (1972) The G/wi bushmen. In: Hunters and gatherers today, ed. Bicchieri, M. G.. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Silverman, D. (1970) The theory of organisations. Heinemann. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Smith, H. J., Newman, J. D. & Symmes, D. (1982) Vocal concomitants of affiliative behavior in squirrel monkeys. In: Primate communication, ed. Snowdon, C. T., Brown, C. H. & Petersen, M. R.. Cambridge University Press. [CTS]Google Scholar
Smith, J. G. E. (1978) Economic uncertainty in an “original affluent society”: Caribou and caribou eater Chipewyan adaptive strategies. Arctic Anthropology 15:68–88. [RJ]Google Scholar
Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T. (1987) Primate societies. University of Chicago Press. [RAB]Google Scholar
Smuts, B. B. & Watanabe, J. M. (1990) Social relationships and ritualized greetings in adult male baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis). International Journal of Primatology 11(2):147–72. [MH]Google Scholar
Snowdon, C. T. (1988) Communication as social interactions: Its importance in ontogeny and adult behavior. In: Primate vocal communication, ed. Todt, D., Goedeking, P. & Symes, D.. Springer-Verlag. [RMS]Google Scholar
Snowdon, C. T. (1989) Vocal communication in New World monkeys. Journal of Human Evolution 18:611–33. [CTS]Google Scholar
Snowdon, C. T. (1990) Language capacities of nonhuman animals. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 33:215–43. [MH]Google Scholar
Snowdon, C. T. & Cleveland, J. (1984) “Conversations” among pygmy marmosets. American Journal of Primatology 7:15–20. [CTS]Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. (1981) Biometry. W. H. Freeman. [CHJ]Google Scholar
Sommer, R. (1961) Leadership and group geometry. Sociometry 24:99–110. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Spencer, R. (1959) The north Alaskan Eskimo: A study in ecology and society. Burrell American Ethnology Bulletin, vol. 171. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Staski, E. & Marks, J. (1992) Evolutionary anthropology: An introduction to physical anthropology and archaeology. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. [RBG]Google Scholar
Stephan, H. (1972) Evolution of primate brains: A comparative anatomical approach. In: Functional and evolutionary biology of primates, ed. Tuttle, R.. Aldine & Atherton. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Stephan, H., Frahm, H. & Baron, G. (1981) New and revised data on volumes of brain structures in insectivores and primates. Folia Primatologica 35:1–29. [aRIMD, RAB, DF, RLH, HJJ]Google Scholar
Steward, J. H. (1936) The economic and social basis of primitive bands. In: Essays in anthropology presented to A. L. Kroeber, ed. Lowie, R. H.. University of California Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Steward, J. H. (1938) Basin-plateau aboriginal sociopolitical groups. Burrel American Ethnology Bulletin, vol. 120. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Steward, J. H. (1955) Theory of culture change: The methodology of multilinear evolution. University of Illinois Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Strehlow, T. G. H. (1947) Aranda traditions. Melbourne University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Strier, K. B. (1992) Faces in the forest, the endangered muriqui monkeys of Brazil. Oxford University Press. [IIG, CTS]Google Scholar
Struhsaker, T. S. (1967) Auditory communication among vervet monkeys. In: Social communication among primates, ed. Altman, S.. University of Chicago Press. [LM]Google Scholar
Sugawara, K. (1984) Spatial proximity and bodily contact among the central Kalahari San. African Studies Monographs (suppl.) 3:1–43. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Swartz, C., Chen, X. & Terrace, H. (1991) Acquisition and retention of multiple lists by rhesus monkeys. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. [RMS]Google Scholar
Szpir, M. (1992) Accustomed to your face. American Scientist 80:537–39. [DF]Google Scholar
Tayler, C. K. & Saayman, G. S. (1972) The social organization and behavior of dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) and baboons (Papio ursinus): Some comparisons and assessments. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums 9:11–49. [BJ]Google Scholar
Terborgh, J. (1983) Five New World Primates: A study in comparative ecology. Princeton University Press. [CTS]Google Scholar
Terrien, F. W. & Mills, D. L. (1955) The effect of changing size upon the internal structure of organisations. American Sociological Review 20:11–13. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Tinbergen, N. (1963) On the aims and methods of ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 20:410–33. [rRIMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tobias, P. V. (1981) The emergence of man in Africa and beyond. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 292:43–56. [DF]Google Scholar
Tobias, P. V. (1987) The brain of Homo habilis: A new level of organization in cerebral evolution. Journal of Human Evolution 16:741–62. [RLH]Google Scholar
Tooby, J. & DeVore, I. (1987) The reconstruction of hominid behavioural evolution through strategic modelling. In: The evolution of human behaviour, ed. Kinzey, W.. State University of New York Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Toth, N. (1985) Archeological evidence for preferential right-handedness in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene, and its possible implications. Journal of Human Evolution 14:607–14. [DF]Google Scholar
Trinkaus, E. (1986) The Neandertals and modern human origins. Annual Review of Anthropology 15:193–218. [MEH]Google Scholar
Trinkaus, E. & Tompkins, R. L. (1990) The Neandertal life cycle: The possibility, probability, and perceptibility of contrasts with recent humans. In: Primate life history and evolution, ed. Derousseau, C. J.. Wiley. [MEH]Google Scholar
Turnbull, C. (1968) The importance of flux in two hunting societies. In: Man the hunter, ed. Lee, R. & DeVore, I.. Aldine. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
van Roosmalen, M. (1985) Habitat preferences, diet, feeding strategy and social organization of the black spider monkey (Ateles paniscus paniscus Linnaeus 1758) in Surinam. Acta Amazonica (suppl.) 15:1–238. [CHJ]Google Scholar
van Schaik, C. P. (1982) Why are diurnal primates living in groups? Behaviour 87:120–44. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
van Schaik, C. P. & Dunbar, R. I. M. (1990) The evolution of monogamy in large primates: A new hypothesis and some crucial tests. Behaviour 115:30–62. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Virkkunen, M. & Linnoila, M. (1990) Serotonin in early male alcoholics with violent behavior. Annual of Medicine 22:327–31. [BJ]Google Scholar
von Rafller-Engel, W., Wind, J. & Jonker, A., eds. (1991) Studies in language origins, vol. 2. Benjamins. [JW]Google Scholar
Washbnrn, S. L. & Lancaster, C. S. (1968) The evolution of hunting: In: Man the hunter, ed. Lee, R. B. & DeVore, I.. Aldine. [BJ]Google Scholar
Webster, J. C. (1965) Speech communications as limited by ambient noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 37:692–99. [aRIM D]Google Scholar
Werner, H. & Kaplan, B. (1963) Symbol formation. Wiley. [LM]Google Scholar
Whiten, A. (1993) What could the first linguistic utterance have been like? Current Anthropology 34:45–46. [AW]Google Scholar
Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1988a) The Machiavellian Intelligence hypothesis. In: Machiavellian Intelligence, ed. Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A.. Oxford University Press. [AW]Google Scholar
Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1988b) Taking (Machiavellian) intelligence apart: In: Machiavellian Intelligence, ed. Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A.. Oxford University Press. [AW]Google Scholar
Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1988c) Tactical deception in primates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11:233–44. [RWB]Google Scholar
Williams, B. J. (1974) A model of band societies. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology 39(4). [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Willner, L. A. (1989) Sexual dimorphism in primates. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London. [rRIMD]Google Scholar
Wilson, D. S. (1989) Levels of selection: An alternative to individualism in biology and the social sciences. Social Networks 11:257–72. [LAD]Google Scholar
Wilson, D. S. & Sober, E. (1989) Reviving the superorganism. Journal of Theoretical Biology 136:337–56. [MEH]Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1975) Sociobiology: A new synthesis. Belknap Press/Harvard University Press. [CLB]Google Scholar
Wind, J. (1983) Primate evolution and the emergence of speech. In: Glossogenesis. The origin and evolution of language and speech, ed, de Grolier, E., Lock, A., Peters, C. R. & Wind, J.. Harwood Academic. [JW]Google Scholar
Wind, J., Chiarelli, B., Nocentini, A., Bichakjian, B. & Jonker, A., eds. (1992) Language origin: A multidisciplinary approach. Kluwer. [JW]Google Scholar
Wind, J., Pulleyblank, E., Bichakjian, B. & de Grolier, E., eds. (1990) Studies in language origins, vol. 1. Benjamins. [JW]Google Scholar
Winterhalder, B. & Smith, E. A., eds. (1981) Hunter-gatherer foraging strategies: Ethnographic and archaeological analyses. University of Chicago Press. [RJ]Google Scholar
Woods, N. (1978) Talking shop: Sex and status as determinants of floor apportionment in a work setting. In: Women in their speech communities, ed. Coates, J. & Cameron, D.. Longman. [LM]Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. (1979) On the evolution of ape social systems. Social Science Information 18:335–68. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. (1980) An ecological model of female kin-bonded groups. Behaviour 75:262–300. [RAF]Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. (1983) Social relationships in comparative perspective. In: Primate social relationships, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Blackwell Scientific. [AHH]Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. (1986) Ecology and social relationships in two species of chimpanzees. In: Ecological aspects of social evolution, ed. Rubenstein, D. & Wrangham, R.. Princeton University Press. [aRIMD]Google Scholar
Würsig, B. (1989) Cetaceans. Science 244:1550–57. [BJ]Google Scholar
Würsig, B., Cipriano, F. & Würsig, M. (1991) Dolphin movement patterns: Information from radio and theodolite tracking studies. In: Dolphin societies: Discoveries and puzzles, ed. Pryor, K. & Norris, K. S.. University of California Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Wynn, T. (1988) Tools and the evolution of human intelligence. In: Machiavellian Intelligence, ed. Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A.. Oxford University Press. [arRIMD.RWB]Google Scholar
Ziegler, T. E. & Bercovitch, F. B., eds. (1990) Socioendocrinology of primate reproduction. Wiley-Liss. [BJ]Google Scholar
Zilles, K., Armstrong, E., Moser, K. H. & Stephan, H. (1989) Cyrification in the cerebral cortex of primates. Brain Behavior & Evolution 34:143–50. [DF]Google Scholar