No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
The homunculus as bureaucrat
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2010
Abstract
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Open Peer Commentary
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984
References
Alegria, J. & Bertelson, P. (1970) Time uncertainty, number of alternatives and particular signal-response pair as determinants of choice reaction time. Attention and performance, 3. Acta Psychologica 33:36–44. [SS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allport, A. (1979) Word recognition in reading. In: Processing visible language, vol. 1, ed. Kolers, P. A., Wrolstad, M. E. & Bouma, H.. Plenum. [THC]Google Scholar
Allport, D. A. (1980) Patterns and actions. In: Cognitive psychology: New directions, ed. Claxton, G.. Routledge and Kegan Paul. [GC]Google Scholar
Allport, D. A., Antonis, B. & Reynolds, P. (1972) On the division of attention: A disproof of the single channel hypotheses. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 24:225–35. [rDEB, WS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J. A. (1973) A theory for the recognition of items from short memorized lists. Psychological Review 85:249–77. [RGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J. R. (1976) Language, memory, and thought. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taDEB, THC, MM, PR]Google Scholar
Asarnow, R. F. & MacCrimmon, D. J. (1981) Span of apprehension deficits during the post-psychotic stages of schizophrenia. A replication and extension. Archives of General Psychiatry 38:1006–11. [EC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashby, G. F. (1982) Deriving exact predictions from the cascade model. Psychological Review 89:599–607. [SS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, R. C. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968) Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In: The psychology of learning and motivation, vol. 2, ed. Spence, K. W. & Spence, J. T.. Academic Press. [taDEB, RGC]Google Scholar
Baddeley, A. D. (1978) The trouble with levels: A re-examination of Craik and Lockhart's framework for memory research. Psychological Review 85:139–52. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baddeley, A. D. (1981) The concept of working memory: A view of its current state and probable future development. Cognition 10:17–23. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baddeley, A. D. & Hitch, G. (1974) Working memory. In: The psychology of learning and motication, vol. 8, ed. Bower, G. H.. Academic Press. [taDEB, THC]Google Scholar
Baddeley, A. D. & Hitch, G. (1977) Recency re-examined. In: Attention and performance, vol. 6, ed. Domic, S.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Baddeley, A. D. & Lieberman, K. (1980) Spatial working memory. In: Attention and performance, vol. 8, ed. Nickerson, R. S.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Baddeley, A. D., Thomson, N. & Buchanan, M. (1975) Word length and the structure of short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behacior 14:575–89. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F. & Emery, G. (1979) Cognitice therapy of depression. Guildford Press. [MM]Google Scholar
Becker, C. A. (1979) Semantic context and word frequency effects in visual word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5:252–59. [taDEB, SS]Google ScholarPubMed
Becker, C. A. (1980) Semantic context effects in visual word recognition: An analysis of semantic strategies. Memory and Cognition 8:493–512. [THC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Becker, C. A. & Killion, T. H. (1977) Interaction of visual and cognitive effects in word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 3:389–401. [taDEB, SS]Google Scholar
Bernstein, I. H. & Segal, E. M. (1968) Set and temporal integration. Perception and Psychophysics 4:233–36. [SS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boring, E. G. (1957) A history of experimental psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [JGS]Google Scholar
Bower, G. H. (1981) Mood and memory. American Psychologist 36:129–48. [MM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(in press) Affect and memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B. [MM]Google Scholar
Bower, G. H., Clark, M. C., Lesgold, A. M. & Winzenz, D. (1969) Hierarchical retrieval schemes in recall of categorized word lists. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behacior 8:323–43. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bransford, J. D. & Johnson, M. K. (1973) Considerations of some problems of comprehension. In: Visual information processing, ed. Chase, W. G.. Academic Press. [THC]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. (1954) The role of auditory localisation in attention and memory span. Journal of Experimental Psychology 47:191–96. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E. (1956) Successive responses to simultaneous stimuli. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 8:145–52. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. (1957) A mechanical model for human attention and immediate memory. Psychological Review 64:205–15. [taDEB, WS, JGS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E. (1958) Perception and communication. Pergamon. [rDEB, THC, KMS, SS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. (1967) The word-frequency effect and response bias. Psychological Review 74:1–15. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E. (1975) The magic number seven after fifteen years. In: Studies in long term memory, ed. Kennedy, A. & Wilkes, A.. John Wiley. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. (1977) The hidden pre-attentive processes. American Psychologist 32:109–18. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. (1981a) From the percept to the cognitive structure. In Attention and performance, vol. 9, ed. Baddeley, A. D. & Long, J.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taDEB, MM]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. (1981b) Selective and control processes. Cognition 10:53–58. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E. (1982) Task combination and selective intake of information. Acta Psychologica 50:253–90. [tarDEB, SS]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. & Aston, B. (1978) Human control of a simulated economic system. Ergonomics 21:1035–43. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. & Broadbent, M. H. P. (1981a) Articulatory suppression and the grouping of successive stimuli. Psychological Research 43:57–67. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. & Broadbent, M. H. P. (1981b) Recency effects in visual memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A33:l–15. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. J. & Broadbent, M. H. P. (1978) A comparison of hierarchical and matrix retrieval schemes in recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 4:486–97. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. J., FitzGerald, P. F. & Parkes, K. R. (1982) The cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 21:1–16. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. J., Frankish, C. R. & Broadbent, M. H. P. (1980) Modality differences in relation to grouping in immediate recall. British Journal of Psychology 71:475–85. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E., FitzGerald, P. & Broadbent, M. H. P. (1982) Conscious and unconscious judgment in the control of complex systems. Manuscript available in British Library R&DD Experimental Electronic Journal “Computer Human Factors.” [taDEB]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. & Gregory, M. H. P. (1967) Psychological refractory period and the length of time required to make a decision. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 168:181–92. [rDEB]Google ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E., Vines, R. & Broadbent, M. H. P. (1978) Recency effects in memory as a function of modality of intervening events. Psychological Research 40:5–13. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, L. R. (1967) The suppression of visualization by reading. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 19:289–99. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Brooks, L. R. (1968) Spatial and verbal components of the act of recall. Canadian Journal of Psychology 22:349–68. [THC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, A. L. (1975) The development of memory: Knowing, knowing about knowing, and knowing how to know. In: Advances in child development and behavior, vol. 10, ed. Reese, H. W.. Academic Press. [THC]Google Scholar
Butterfield, E. C. & Belmont, J. M. (1971) Relations of storage and retrieval strategies as short-term memory processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology 89:319–28. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callaway, E. (in press) The pharmacology of human information processing. Psychophysiology. [EC]Google Scholar
Callaway, E. & Naghdi, S. (1982) An information processing model for schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 39:339–47. [EC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, R. & Dodd, B. (1980) Hearing by eye. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 32:85–100. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carr, T. H. (1979) Consciousness in models of information processing: Primary memory, executive control, and input regulation. In: Aspects of consciousness, ed. Underwood, G. & Stevens, R.. Academic Press. [THC]Google Scholar
(in press) Perceiving visual language. In: Handbook of perception and human performance, ed. Kaufman, L., Thomas, J. & Boff, K.. John Wiley. [THC]Google Scholar
Carr, T. H. & Bacharach, V. R. (1976) Perceptual tuning and conscious attention: Systems of input regulation in visual information processing. Cognition 4:281–302. [THC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, T. H., Davidson, B. J. & Hawkins, H. L. (1978) Perceptual flexibility in word recognition: Strategies affect orthographic computation but not lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 4:674–90. [THC]Google Scholar
Cermak, L. S. & Craik, F. I. M., eds. (1979) Levels of processing in human memory. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taDEB, HLR]Google Scholar
Clark, D. M. & Teasdale, J. D. (in preparation) Constraints on the effects of mood on memory. [MM]Google Scholar
Clark, D. M., Teasdale, J. D., Broadbent, D. E. & Martin, M. (in press) Effect of mood on lexical decisions. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, [MM]Google Scholar
Cohen, G. & Freeman, R. (1978) Individual differences in reading strategies in relation to cerebral asymmetry. In: Attention and performance, vol. 7, ed. Requin, J.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Cohen, R. L. & Granström, R. (1970) Reproduction and recognition in short-term visual memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 22:450–57. [HLR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conrad, R. (1964) Acoustic confusion in immediate memory. British Journal of Psychology 55:75–84. [THC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, R. (1972) Short-term memory in the deaf: A test for speech coding. British Journal of Psychology 63:173–80. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craik, F. I. M. & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 11:671–84. [taDEB, HLR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowder, R. G. (1976) Principles of learning and memory. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [RGC]Google Scholar
Crowder, R. G. (1978) Mechanisms of auditory backward masking in the stimulus suffix effect. Psychological Review 85:502–24. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowder, R. G. (1982) The demise of short-term memory. Ada Psychologica 50:291–326. [rDEB, RGC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowder, R. G. & Morton, J. (1969) Precategorical acoustic storage (PAS). Perception and Psychophysics 5:365–73. [taDEB, RGC, HLR]Google Scholar
Dalezman, J. J. (1976) Effects of output order on immediate, delayed and final recall performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 2:597–608. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Dennis, I. (1977) Component problems in dichotic listening. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 29:437–50. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, J. (1980) The locus of interference in the perception of simultaneous stimuli. Psychological Review 87:272–300. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Duncan-Johnson, C. & Kopell, B. (1981) The Stroop effect: Brain potentials localize the source of interference. Science 214:938–40. [EC]Google Scholar
Eich, J. M. (1982) A composite holographic associative recall model. Psychological Review 89:627–61. [EFL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erman, L. & Lesser, V. (1975) A multi-level organization for problem solving using many, diverse, cooperating sources of knowledge. Advance Papers of the Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 2, pp. 483–90. [EFL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estes, W. K. (1975) The locus of inferential and perceptual processes in letter identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 104:122–45. [THC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Felsten, G. & Wasserman, G. S. (1978) Masking by light in Limulus receptors. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 92:778–84. [GSW]Google Scholar
Felsten, G. & Wasserman, G. S. (1979a) Masking-induced sensitivity changes in Limulus photoreceptors. Vision Research 19:943–45. [GSW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Felsten, G. & Wasserman, G. S. (1979b) The photoreceptor sensory code for pattern identification during visual masking. Sensory Processes 3:230–39. [GSW]Google ScholarPubMed
Felsten, G. & Wasserman, G. S. (1980) Visual masking: Mechanisms and theories. Psychological Bulletin 2:329–53. [GSW]Google Scholar
Felsten, G. & Wasserman, G. S. (1981) The photoreceptor sensory code for perceived duration during visual masking. Physiological Psychology 9:68–76. [GSW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisk, A. D. & Schneider, W. (1983) Category and word search: Generalizing search principles to complex processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 9:177–95. [WS]Google ScholarPubMed
Ford, J. M., Pfefferbaum, A., Tinklenberg, J. R. & Kopell, B. S. (1982) Effects of perceptual and cognitive difficulty on P3 and RT in young and old subjects. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 54:311–21. [EC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, J. (1980) Making decisions under the influence of memory. Psychological Review 87:190–211. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankish, C. R. (1976) Organisational factors in short term memory. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Freeman, W. J. & Schneider, W. (1982) Changes in spatial patterns of rabbit olfactory EEG with conditioning to odors. Psychophysiology 19:44–56. [EC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedman, A., Poison, M. C., Dafoe, C. F. & Gaskill, S. J. (1982) Dividing attention within and between hemispheres testing a multiple resources approach to limited-capacity information processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 8:625–50. [taDEB]Google ScholarPubMed
Gardiner, J. & Gregg, V. (1979) When auditory memory is not over-written. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 18:705–19. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerrig, R. J. & Bower, G. H. (1982) Emotional influences on word recognition. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 19:197–200. [MM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gevins, A. S., Schaffer, R. E., Doyle, J. C., Cutillo, B. A., Tannehill, R. S. & Bressler, S. L. (1983) Shadows of thought: Shifting lateralization of human brain electrical patterns during brief visuomotor task. Science 220:97–99. [EC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glanzer, M. & Cunitz, A. R. (1966) Two storage mechanisms in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 5:351–60. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Greenwald, A. G. & Shulman, H. G. (1973) On doing two things at once: II. Elimination of the psychological refractory period. Journal of Experimental Psychology 101:70–76. [rDEB, WS]Google Scholar
Havens, W. S. & Mackworth, A. K. (1983) Representing knowledge of the visual world. IEEE Computer, in press. [AKM]Google Scholar
Hayes-Roth, B. & Hayes-Roth, F. (1979) A cognitive model of planning. Cognitive Science 3:275–310. [EFL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hebb, D. O. (1949) The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory. John Wiley. [RGC]Google Scholar
Henderson, L. (1982) Orthography and word recognition in reading. Academic Press. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Hinton, G. E. & Anderson, J. A., eds. (1981) Parallel models of associatite memory. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [EC, AKM]Google Scholar
Hirst, W., Spelke, E. S., Reaves, C. C., Caharack, G. & Neisser, U. (1980) Dividing attention without alternation or automaticity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 109:98–117. [tarDEB, WH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hitch, G. & Baddeley, A. D. (1976) Verbal reasoning and working memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 28:603–21. [tarDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulme, C. (1979) The interaction of visual and motor memory for graphic forms following tracing. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 31:249–61. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hulme, C. (1981) Reading retardation and multi-sensory teaching. Routledge and Kegan Paul. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Jacoby, L. L. & Dallas, M. (1981) On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 110:306–40. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jastrow, J. (1890) The time-relations of mental phenomena. N. D. C. Hodges. [SS]Google ScholarPubMed
Jones, G. V. (1976) A fragmentation hypothesis of memory: Cued recall of pictures and of sequential position. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 105:277–93. [taDEB, MM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G. V. (1978) Tests of a structural theory of the memory trace. British Journal of Psychology 69:351–67. [taDEB, MM, JM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G. V. (1979) Multirate forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 5:98–114. [taDEB, MM]Google Scholar
Jones, G. V. (in press) Structure of the recall process. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B. [MM]Google Scholar
Kahneman, D. & Treisman, A. (1983) Changing views of attention and automaticity. In: Varieties of attention, ed. Parasuraman, R., Davies, R. & Beatty, J.. Academic Press. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Keele, S. W. & Neill, W. T. (1979). Mechanisms of attention. In: Handbook of perception, vol. 9, ed. Carterette, E. C. & Friedman, M. P.. Academic Press. [THC]Google Scholar
Kleiman, G. (1975) Speech recoding in reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 14:323–39. [THC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolers, P. A. (1975) Memorial consequences of automatized encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 1:680–701. [HLR]Google Scholar
Kolers, P. A. (1979a) A pattern-analyzing basis of recognition. In: Levels of processing in human memory, ed. Cermak, L. S. & Craik, F. I. M.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [HLR]Google Scholar
Kolers, P. A. (1979b) Reading and knowing. Canadian Journal of Psychology 33:106–17. [RGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolers, P. A. & Roediger, H. L. (in press) Procedures of mind. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. [HLR]Google Scholar
Lachman, R., Lachman, J. L. & Butterfield, E. C. (1979) Cognitive psychology and information processing: An introduction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [THC]Google Scholar
Lashlcy, K. S. (1951) The problem of serial order in behavior. In: Cerebral mechanisms in behavior, ed. Jeffress, L. A.. John Wiley. [JGS]Google Scholar
Levy, B. A. (1971) The role of articulation in auditory and verbal short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 10:123–32. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Loftus, G. R. & Loftus, E. F. (1976) Human memory: The processing of information. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [EFL]Google Scholar
Logan, G. D. (1978) Attention in character-classification tasks: Evidence for the automaticity of component stages. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 107:32–63. [SS]Google Scholar
Logan, G. D. (1980) Short-term memory demands of reaction-time tasks that differ in complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 6:375–89. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, G. & Donchin, E. (1981) A metric for thought: A comparison of P3 latency and reaction time. Science 211:77–80. [EC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClelland, J. L. (1979) On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade. Psychological Review 86:287–330. [taDEB, THC, SS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackworth, A. K. (1978) Vision research strategy: Black magic, metaphors, mechanisms, miniworlds and maps. In: Computer vision systems, ed. Hanson, A. R. & Riseman, E. M.. Academic Press. [AKM]Google Scholar
MacLeod, C. M., Hunt, E. B. & Mathews, N. N. (1978) Individual differences in the verification of sentence-picture relationships. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 17:493–507. [SS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marr, D. (1982) Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. W. H. Freeman and Co. [rDEB, AKM, PR]Google Scholar
Martin, M. (1978) Speech recoding in silent reading. Memory and Cognition 6:108–14. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, M. & Clark, D. M. (in preparation) Affective state and distortion in retrieval. [MM]Google Scholar
Martin, M. & Jones, G. V. (1979) Modality dependence of loss of recency in free recall. Psychological Research 40:273–89. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, M., Ward, J. C. & Clark, D. M. (in press) Neuroticism and the recall of positive and negative personality information. Behaviour Research and Therapy. [MM]Google Scholar
Melton, A. W. & Lackum, W. J. von (1941) Retroactive and proactive inhibition in retention: Evidence for a two-factor theory of retroactive inhibition. American Journal of Psychology 54:157–73. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Meyer, D. E., Schvaneveldt, R. W. & Ruddy, M. G. (1975) Loci of contextual effects on visual word recognition. In: Attention and performance, vol. 5, ed. Rabbitt, P. M. A. & Dornic, S.. Academic Press. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Meyer, D. L., Yantis, S., Osman, A. & Smith, J. E. K. (in press) Discrete versus continuous models of response preparation: A reaction-time analysis. In: Preparatory states and processes, ed. Kornblum, S. & Requin, J.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [SS]Google Scholar
Miller, J. (1982) Discrete vs. continuous stage models of human information processing: In search of partial output. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 8:273–96. [SS]Google Scholar
Monsell, S. (1978) Recency, immediate recognition memory, and reaction time. Cognitive Psychology 10:465–501. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monsell, S. (1983) Components of working memory underlying verbal skills: A distributed capacities view. In: Attention and performance, vol. 10, Control of language processes, ed. Bouma, H. & Bouwhuis, D. G.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [rDEB, GC]Google Scholar
Morton, J. (1969) The interaction of information in word recognition. Psychological Review 76:165–78. [taDEB, JM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, J. (1979) Facilitation in word recognition experiments causing change in the logogen model. In: Processing of visible language, ed. Kolers, P. A., Wrolstad, M. E. & Bouma, H.. Plenum Publishing. [JM]Google Scholar
Morton, J. & Chambers, S. M. (1973) Selective attention to words and colours. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 25:387–97. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, J. & Patterson, K. (1980) A new attempt at an interpretation. In: Deep dyslexia, ed. Coltheart, M., Patterson, K. & Marshall, J. C.. Routledge and Kegan Paul. [JM]Google Scholar
Murray, D. J. (1968) Articulation and acoustic confusability in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology 78:679–84. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Navon, D. (1977) Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in perception. Cognitive Psychology 9:353–83. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Navon, D. & Gopher, D. (1979) On the economy of the human information processing system: A model of multiple capacity. Psychological Review 86:214–25. [rDEB]Google Scholar
Newell, A. & Simon, H. A. (1972) Human problem solving. Prentice-Hall. [taDEB, THC, AKM]Google Scholar
Norman, D. A. & Bobrow, D. G. (1976) On the analysis of performance operating characteristics. Psychological Review 83:508–19. [rDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norman, D. A., Rumelhart, D. E. & the LNR Research Group (1975) Explorations in cognition. W. H. Freeman and Co. [PR]Google Scholar
Ollman, R. T. (1968) Central refractoriness in simple reaction time: The deferred processing model. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 5:49–60. [SS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paap, K. R. & Ogden, W. C. (1981) Letter encoding is an obligatory but capacity-demanding operation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 7:518–27. [rDEB, THC]Google Scholar
Palmer, S. E. (1978) Fundamental aspects of cognitive representation. In: Cognition and categorization, ed. Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [THC]Google Scholar
Penney, C. G. (1979) Interaction of suffix effects with suffix delay and recall modality in serial recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 5:507–21. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Phillips, W. A. & Christie, D. F. M. (1977a) Components of visual memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 29:117–34. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Phillips, W. A. & Christie, D. F. M. (1977b) Interference with visualization. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 29:637–50. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Pieters, J. P. M. (1983) Steinberg's additive factor method and underlying psychological processes: Some theoretical considerations. Psychological Bulletin 93:411–26. [THC]Google Scholar
Posner, M. I. (1978) Chronometric explorations of mind. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taDEB, THC]Google Scholar
Posner, M. I. & Konick, A. F. (1966) On the role of interference in short-term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology 72:221–31. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posner, M. I. & Snyder, C. R. R. (1975) Attention and cognitive control. In: Theories in information processing, ed. Solso, R. L.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [THC]Google Scholar
Rabbitt, P. M. A. (1967) Learning to ignore irrelevant information. American Journal of Psychology 80:1–13. [rDEB]Google Scholar
Rabbitt, P. M. A. (1982) Visual search. In: Handbook of research methods in human memory and cognition, ed. Puff, C. R.. Academic Press. [WS]Google Scholar
Ratcliff, R. (1978) A theory of memory retrieval. Psychological Review 85:59–108. [rDEB, RGC]Google Scholar
Reason, J. T. (1983) Lapses of attention. In: Varieties of attention, ed. Parasuraman, R., Davies, R. & Beatty, J.. Academic Press. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Roediger, H. L. (1980) Memory metaphors in cognitive psychology. Memory and Cognition 8:231–46. [taDEB, RGC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Routh, D. (1976) An “across-the-board” modality effect in immediate serial recall. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 28:285–304. [tarDEB]Google Scholar
Rumelhart, D. E. (1977) Toward an interactive model of reading. In: Attention and performance, vol. 6, ed. Dornic, S.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [THC]Google Scholar
Saccuzzo, D. P. & Braff, D. L. (1981) Early information processing deficit in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 38:175–82. [EC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salame, P. & Baddeley, A. D. (1982) Disruption of short-term memory by unattended speech: Implications for the structure of working memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 21:150–64. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, A. F. (1983) Towards a model of stress and human performance. Acta Psychologica 53:61–97. [SS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schacter, D. L. (1982) Stranger behind the engram: Theories of memory and the psychology of science. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [DJM]Google Scholar
Schneider, W. (1983) A distributed processing architecture for attention and skill development. Paper presented at Midwestern Psychological Association meetings, Chicago. [WS]Google Scholar
Schneider, W. & Fisk, A. D. (1982) Concurrent automatic and controlled visual search: Can processing occur without resource cost? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 8:261–78. [rDEB, WS]Google Scholar
Schneider, W. & Fisk, A. D. (1983) Attention theory and mechanisms for skilled performance. In: Memory and control of action, ed. Magill, R. A.. North-Holland. [WS]Google Scholar
(in press) Automatic category search and its transfer: Automatic process semantic filtering. [WS]Google Scholar
Schneider, W. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing: 1. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review 84:1–66. [tarDEB, THC, WH, WS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schvaneveldt, R. W. & McDonald, J. E. (1981) Semantic context and the encoding of words: Evidence for two modes of stimulus analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 7:673–87. [THC]Google Scholar
Schwartz, M. F., Saffran, E. M. & Marin, O. S. M. (1980) Fractionating the reading process in dementia: Evidence for word-specific point-to-sound associations. In: Deep dyslexia, ed. Coltheart, M., Patterson, K. & Marshall, J. C.. Routledge and Kegan Paul. [JM]Google Scholar
Shaffer, W. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1972) Rehearsal and storage of visual information. Journal of Experimental Psychology 92:292–96. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shallice, T. (1979) Neuropsychological research and the fractionation of memory systems. In: Perspectives in memory research, ed. Nilsson, L. G.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Shaw, M. L. (1978) A capacity allocation model for reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 4:586–98. [SS]Google Scholar
Shiffrin, R. M. (1975) The locus and role of attention in memory systems. In: Attention and perfonnance, vol. 5, ed. Rabbitt, P. M. A. & Domic, S.. Academic Press. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Shiffrin, R. M. & Schneider, W. (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing: 2. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review 84:127–90. [tarDEB, THC, WH, WS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperling, G. (1960) The information available in brief visual presentation. Psychological Monographs 74, whole no. 498. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Sperling, G. (1967) Successive approximations to a model for short-term memory. Acta Psychologica 27:285–92. [RGC, EFL]Google Scholar
Stanovich, K. E. & Pachella, R. G. (1977) Encoding, stimulus-response compatibility, and stages of processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfonnance 3:411–21. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Steinberg, R. J. (1980) Representation and process in linear syllogistic reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Genera1 109:119–59. [SS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. & Weil, E. M. (1980) An aptitude-strategy interaction in linear syllogistic reasoning. Journal of Educational Psychology 72:226–39. [SS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, S. (1969a) The discovery of processing stages: Extensions of Donders' method. In: Attention and performance, vol. 2, ed. Koster, W. G.. North-Holland. [taDEB, PR, WS, SS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, S. (1969b) Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. American Scientist 57:421–57. [SS]Google ScholarPubMed
Sternberg, S. (1975) Memory-scanning: New findings and current controversies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 27:1–32. [EC, SS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, S., Monsell, S., Knoll, R. L. & Wright, C. E. (1978) The latency and duration of rapid movement sequences: Comparisons of speech and typing. In: Information processing in motor control and learning, ed. Stelmach, G. E.. Academic Press. [SS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, S. & Scarborough, D. L. (1971) Parallel testing of stimuli in visual search. In: Visual information processing and control of motor acticity. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. [SS]Google Scholar
Swinney, D. A. & Taylor, O. L. (1971) Short-term memory recognition search in aphasies. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 14:578–88. [SS]Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. D. (in press) Affect and accessibility. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B. [MM]Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. D. & Fennell, M. J. V. (1982) Immediate effects on depression of cognitive therapy interventions. Cognitive Therapy and Research 6:343–51. [MM]Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. D. & Russell, M. L. (in press) Differential effects of induced mood on recall of positive, negative and neutral words. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. [MM]Google Scholar
Ternes, W. [ Yuille, J. C. (1972) Words and pictures in an STM task. Journal of Experimental Psychology 96:78–86. [HLR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treisman, A. & Gelade, G. (1980) A feature integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology 12:97–136. [rDEB, THC]Google Scholar
Tulving, E. & Bower, G. H. (1974) The logic of memory representations. In: The psychology of learning and motivation, vol. 8, ed. Bower, G. H.. Academic Press. [HLR]Google Scholar
Tulving, E. & Thomson, D. M. (1973) Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review 80:352–73. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uttley, A. M. (1979) Information transmission in the nercous system. Academic Press. [rDEB]Google Scholar
Watkins, M. J. & Todres, A. K. (1980) Suffix effects manifest and concealed: Further evidence for a 20-second echo. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 19:46–53. [taDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watkins, O. C. & Watkins, M. J. (1977) Serial recall and the modality effect: Effects of word frequency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 3:712–18. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Watkins, O. C. & Watkins, M. J. (1980) The modality effect and echoic persistence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 109:251–78. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Welford, A. T. (1980) The single-channel hypothesis. In: Reaction times, ed. Welford, A. T.. Academic Press. [SS]Google Scholar
Wickens, C. D. (1980) The structure of attentional resources. In: Attention and performance, vol. 8, ed.Nickerson, R. S.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taDEB, THC, WS]Google Scholar
Wilhite, S. (1981) Word-frequency cuing effects: Recognition and encoding interference factors. American Journal of Psychology 94:323–39. [taDEB]Google Scholar
Winograd, T. (1972) Understanding natural language. Edinburgh University Press. [rDEB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winograd, T. & Cowan, J. D. (1963) Reliable computation in the presence of noise. MIT Press. [rDEB]Google Scholar
Young, G. D. C. & Martin, M. (1981) Processing of information about self by neurotics. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 20:205–12. [MM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, R. M. (1978) Strategies and the structure of a cognitive skill. In: Strategies of information processing, ed. Underwood, G.. Academic Press. [taDEB]Google Scholar