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Was the Collapse Inevitable?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2009

Hans Kohn
Hans Kohn
Affiliation:
College of the of New York
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Extract

In this concluding lecture I wish to express my thanks for the excellent papers presented at this carefully prepared and in many ways unique conference. In one who grew up, now more than half a century ago, under the reign of Francis Joseph and who has always retained some emotional loyalty to those years of his own youth and his own student days, who went to war in 1914 under the black and yellow flag of the Austrian monarchy—in such a person the fact that here in faraway Midwestern America the problems of the long defunct monarchy are being discussed with a sense of actuality in an international scholarly gathering by men of diverse ideologies and nationalities arouses a feeling of satisfaction and some melancholy.

Type
The Disintegration of the Monarchy
Information
Austrian History Yearbook , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , January 1967 , pp. 250 - 263
Copyright
Copyright © Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota 1967

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References

1 See my autobiography, Living in a World Revolution (New York: Trident Press, 1964)Google Scholar. A German edition has been published under the title Bürger vieler Welten (Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Verlag Huber, 1965)Google Scholar.

2 See Sugar, Peter, “The Rise of Nationalism in the Habsburg Empire,” Austrian History Yearbook, Vol. III (1967), Pt. 1, pp. 107–109Google Scholar. Leopold II was not inclined to interfere in France; he was much influenced by the ideas of 1789 and wished to concentrate on domestic reconstruction.

3 See Jenks, William, “The Later Habsburg Concept of Statecraft,” Austrian History Yearbook, Vol II (1966), pp. 92–110CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

4 Rie, Robert has done an English translation entitled The Incredible Friendship, which was published in 1966 by the State University of New York, Albany, N. Y.Google Scholar

5 Hantsch, Hugo, Voegelin, Eric, and Valsecchi, Franco (eds.), Historica. Studien zum geschichtlichen Denken und Forschen. Festschrift für Friedrich Engel-Janosi (Vienna: Herder, 1965)Google Scholar.

6 Ibid., p. 186. See also ibid., p. 188, where Archduke Francis Ferdinand is quoted as saying about, the Rumanians, “Es sind Gott sei Dank keine Slawen,” and calls King Ferdinand of Bulgaria “ein falsches Mistvieh.”

7 See my monograph Nationalism in the Atlantic Community. In Foreign Policy Research Institute of the University of Pennsylvania, Monograph Series No. 3 (1965).

8 See his “The Germans as an Integrative Force in Imperial Austria: the Dilemma of Dominance,” Austrian History Yearbook, Vol. III (1967), Pt. 1, p. 190Google Scholar.

9 See his “The National Movement in the Greek Orthodox Church in the Habsburg Monarchy,” ibid., Pt. 3, p. 127.

10 See his “The Croatian Problem in the Habsburg Empire in the Nineteenth Century,” ibid., Pt. 2, p. 85.

11 See his “The Rumanians and the Habsburg Monarchy,” ibid., pp. 430–449.

12 See his “The Development of Czech Nationalism,” ibid., especially pp. 256–257 and 259–260.

13 See Fran Zwitter, “The Slovenes and the Habsburg Monarchy,” ibid., pp. 181–183.

14 See his “The Ukrainians in Galicia under Austrian Rule,” ibid., p. 427.

15 Published in London in 1941 by Macmillan and Co.

16 Taylor, The Habsburg Monarchy, 1815–1918, p. 242.

17 Ibid., p. 269.

18 In unpublished remarks made at the Indiana University Conference.

19 See Barany, George, “Hungary: the Uncompromising Compromise,” Austrian History Yearbook, Pt. 1, p. 236Google Scholar. See also in Prof. Barany's paper the reference to Zsigmond Kemény's concept (in 1851) about the mission of the Habsburg monarchy in the Balkans. Ibid, pp. 245–246.

20 Ibid., p. 249.

21 Hajo Holborn, “The Final Disintegration of the Habsburg Monarchy,” ibid., Pt. 3, p. 190.

22 See Fischer, Fritz, Griff nach der Weltmacht (Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag, 1961)Google Scholar. See also Bracher, Karl Dietrich, “Vorspiel zur deutschen Katastrophe,” Neue Politische Literatur, Vol. VII (1962), pp. 47–51Google Scholar; Otto Etnst Schüddekopf, “Politik und Kriegführung,” ibid., Vol. X (1965), pp. 247–249; and Gftiss, Imanuel, Julikrise und Kriegsausbruch 1914 (2 vols., Hanover: Verlag fur Literatur und Zeitgeschehen, 1963–1964)Google Scholar.

23 See Richard William Seton-Watson, Masaryk in England, as quoted in Kohn, Hans, Pan-Slavism. Its History and Ideology (Rev'd. ed., New York: Random House, 1960), p. 277Google Scholar.

24 Even democratic Norway voted, after her separation from Sweden in 1905, for a monarchy and not for a republic.

25 Bismarck, the Man and the Statesman, being the Reflections and Reminiscences of Otto, Prince von Bismarck. Written and Dictated by Himself after His Retirement from Office (2 vols., New York: Harper, 1899), Vol. II, p. 275Google Scholar.

26 See Kohn, Hans, Reflections on Modern History (Princeton, N. J.: Van Nostrand, 1963), pp. 164–174Google Scholar.