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A Question of Empire: Leopold I and the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1705

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2009

Linda Frey  and
Marsha Frey
Linda Frey
Affiliation:
University of Montana
Marsha Frey
Affiliation:
Kansas State University
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Extract

The War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714), one of the major international conflicts of the eighteenth century, sought to resolve the greatest diplomatic issue of the day: the partition of the Spanish empire. This essay focuses on the Austrian emperor Leopold I's diplomatic efforts in the courts of the Maritime Powers to obtain the Spanish inheritance during the first years of that conflict. The early years of the war (between 1701 and 1705) were a formative period in the development of Habsburg foreign policy. The problems that plagued the Maritime Powers after Leopold's death in 1705, such as the disputes over the deployment of troops, the differences of opinion over precisely how the Spanish empire should be divided and the policy to be followed in dealing with the Hungarian rebels and the elector of Bavaria, and the questions that arose over the alliances with Portugal and Savoy were all either existing or anticipated during the latter years of his reign.

Type
War and Society: The Impact of War on Politics, Diplomacy, and Social Change
Information
Austrian History Yearbook , Volume 14 , January 1978 , pp. 56 - 73
Copyright
Copyright © Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota 1978

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51 Wratislaw reports, January 15 and March 30, 1703, Staatsarchiv (Vienna), England, Carton XXXVII, Fos. 52–53 and 56–57; Queen Anne to Wratislaw, January 27, 1703, Public Record Office (London), State Papers, Germany, 100/10; Hedges to Stepney, Whitehall, January 23, 1703, Public Record Office (London), State Papers, Miscellaneous. 104/200/416; Bruyninx to Heinsius, Vienna, February 7, 1703, Algemeene Rijksarchief (The Hague), Archief Heinsius, No. 842.

52 Whitworth to Hedges, Vienna, January 16, 1704, British Museum, Additional Manuscripts, No. 37,351, Fo. 369; reply sent to Wratislaw on April 4, 1704, Public Record Office (London), State Papers. Germany, 102/10/223; Stepney to Marlborough, Berlin, February 26, 1704, ibid., 80/23.

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54 Gaeddert, “The Franco-Bavarian Alliance during the War of Spanish Succession,” pp. 150–152; Stepney to Harley, October 10, 1704, Public Record Office (London), State Papers, Germany, 80–24.

55 Gaeddert, “The Franco-Bavarian Alliance during the War of Spanish Succession,” pp. 152–154; Stepney to Harley, Vienna, January 2, 1706, Public Record Office (London), State Papers, Germany, 80/28; Stepney to Secretary of State, Tyrnau, May 3,1706, ibid., 105/77; Stepney to Harley, Vienna, December 7,1705, Indiana University Library, Stepney Letters.

56 Sutton to Stepney, Pera of Constantinople, November 27, 1703, British Museum, Additional Manuscripts, No. 7075, Fo. 125; Sutton to ?, Pera of Constantinople, November 27, 1703, ibid., No. 37,352.

57 Klopp, Der Fall des Houses Stuart, Vol. XI, p. 215; Stanhope to Hedges, The Hague, January 1, 1704, Public Record Office (London), Slate Papers, Holland, 80/226; Bruyninx to Heinsius, January 9, 1704, Algemeene Rijksarchief (The Hague), Archief Heinsius, No. 919.

58 Harley to Stepney, Whitehall, September 12, 1704, British Museum, Additional Manuscripts, No. 37,352, Fo. 336; Stepney to Cardonnel, Vienna, June 28, 1706, Public Record Office (London), State Papers, Germany, 105/77. many, 105/77.

59 Halifax to Marlborough, The Hague, August 18, 1706, British Museum, Additional Manuscripts, No. 9096, Fo. 180; Stepney to Harley, Vienna, n. d., ibid., No. 7059, Fos. 180–182.

60 Marlborough to Godolphin, Helchin, July 29, 1707, and Meldert, July 7, 1707, ibid., No. 9100, Fo. 76; Godolphin to Marlborough, Windsor, July 5, 1707, ibid., Fo. 16.