Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T18:20:06.921Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Experiences of positive career change among female breast cancer survivors: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2020

Katharine Woodhouse
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
Julia Yates*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This article reports on women’s experiences of career change following a breast cancer diagnosis and explores whether their illness represents the driving force to pursue previously unfulfilled career ambitions. The participants were four women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and had changed career direction after their treatment. Data were conducted through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four themes prominent throughout each women’s narrative were identified: (i) a pre-diagnosis, unhappiness at work, (ii) a sense of stepping off the treadmill, (iii) a sharp focus upon their “self,” and subsequently (iv) a flourishing “work-life.” Further research is needed to investigate how common these findings are among women with breast cancer.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press and The Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arthur, M. B., Hall, D. T., & Lawrence, B. S. (1989). Handbook of career theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arthur, M. B., & Rosseau, D. M. (Eds.) (1996). The boundaryless career: A new employment principle for a new organizational era. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Barden, S. M., Gutierrez, D., Gonzalez, J., & Ali, S. (2016). Healing faith: A qualitative exploration of Latina breast cancer survivors. Counseling and Values, 61(2), 142158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, J. E. (2012). Career barriers experienced by people with chronic illness: A US Study. Employment Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 24, 91110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, J. E., & Joffe, R. (2006). An overlooked dimension of diversity: The career effects of chronic illness. Organizational Dynamics, 35, 182195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bijker, R., Duijts, S. F. A., Sherzel, S. N., De Wildt-Liesveld, R., Anema, J. R., & Regeer, B. J. (2018). Functional Impairments and work-related outcomes in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 28, 429451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Briscoe, J. P., & Hall, D. T. (2006). The interplay of boundaryless and protean careers: Combinations and implications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(1), 418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cancer Research UK. (2019). Breast cancer incidence (invasive) statistics. London: Cancer Research UK. Retrieved from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/breast-cancer/incidence-invasive Google Scholar
Cordova, M. J., Cunningham, L. L. C., Carlson, C, R., & Andrykowski, M. A. (2001). Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: A controlled comparison study. Health Psychology, 20, 176185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Blasi, G., Bouteyre, E., & Rollin, L. (2018). Giving up work after cancer: An exploratory qualitative study of three clinical cases. Work, 60(1), 105115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and self-determination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Del Corso, J. & Rehfuss, M. C. (2011). The role of narrative in career construction theory. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 79, 334339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, E. K. & Urquhart, R. (2019). “Figure out what it is you love to do and live the life you love”: The experiences of young adults returning to work after primary cancer treatment. Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, 8(3), 368372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duran, B. (2013). Posttraumatic growth as experienced by childhood cancer survivors and their families: A narrative synthesis of qualitative and quantitative research. Journal of Paediatric Oncology Nursing, 30, 179197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gergen, K. J. (1985). The social constructionist movement in modern psychology. American Psychologist, 40, 266275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greidanus, M. A., De Boer, A. G. E. M., De Rijk, A. E., Tiedtke, C. M., Dierckx de Casterlé, B., Frings-Dresen, M. H. W., & Tamminga, S. J. (2018). Perceived employer-related barriers and facilitators for work participation of cancer survivors: A systematic review of employers’ and survivors’ perspectives. Psycho-Oncology, 27(3), 725733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenhaus, J., Callanan, G., & Godshalk, V. (2010). Intersection of work and family roles: Implications for career management. Career Management, 3, 286319.Google Scholar
Hall, D. T., & Chandler, D. E. (2005). Psychological success: When the career is a calling. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26(2), 155176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inkson, K. (2004) Images of career: Nine key metaphors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65, 96111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inkson, K., & King, Z. (2011). Contested terrain in careers: A psychological contract model. Human Relations, 64(1), 3757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Karasek, R., & Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work: Stress, productivity and the reconstruction of working life. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Mainiero, L. A., & Gibson, D. E. (2018). The Kaleidoscope Career Model revisited: How midcareer men and women diverge on authenticity, balance, and challenge. Journal of Career Development, 45(4), 361377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainiero, L. A., & Sullivan, S. E. (2005). Kaleidoscope careers: An alternative explanation for the opt-out revolution. Academy of Management Executive, 19, 106123.Google Scholar
Mainiero, L. A., & Sullivan, S. E. (2006). The opt out revolt: When people are leaving companies to create kaleidoscope careers. Mountain View, CA: Davies-Black Publishing.Google Scholar
Mols, F., Vingerhoets, A. J., Coebergh, J. W. W., & Van de Poll-Franse, L. V. (2009). Well-being, posttraumatic growth and benefit finding in long-term breast cancer survivors. Psychology and Health, 24(5), 583595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oxlad, M., Wade, T. D., Hallsworth, L., & Koczwara, B. (2008). ‘I’m living with a chronic illness, not…dying with cancer’: A qualitative study of Australian women’s self-identified concerns and needs following primary treatment for breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer Care, 17, 157166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raque-Bogdan, T. L., Hoffman, M. A., Ginter, A. C., Piontkowski, S., Schexnayder, K., & White, R. (2015). The work life and career development of young breast cancer survivors. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 62(4), 655669.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raque-Bogdan, T. L., Hoffman, M. A., Joseph, E. C., Ginter, A. C., White, R., Schexnayder, K., & Piontkowski, S. (2018). Everything Is More Critical: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Young Breast Cancer Survivors. Counseling and Values, 63(2), 210231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robson, C., & McCarten, K. (2016). Real world research (4th ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Rowland, J. H. (2008). What are cancer survivors telling us? Cancer Journal, 14, 361368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saarelainen, S.-M. (2017). Meaningful life with(out) cancer: Coping narratives of emerging finnish adults. Diss., University of Helsinki.Google Scholar
Sarbin, T. R. (1984). Role transition as social drama. In Allen, V. L. & van de Vliert, E. (Eds.), Role Transitions, (pp. 2137). New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savickas, M. L. (2002). Career construction: A developmental theory of vocational behaviour. In Brown, D. (Ed.), Career choice and development (4th ed., pp. 149205). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In Brown, S. D. & Lent, R. W. (Eds.), Career development and counselling (pp. 4270). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., … Vianen, A. E. M. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 75, 239250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shand, L. K., Cowlishaw, S., Brooker, J. E., Burney, S., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2015). Correlates of post-traumatic stress symptoms and growth in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psycho-Oncology, 24(6), 624634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, J. A. (1996). Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychology and Health, 11(2), 261271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2007). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In Smith, J. A. (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to methods. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Stepanikova, I., Powroznik, K., Cook, K. S., Tierney, D. K., & Laport, G. G. (2016). Exploring long-term cancer survivors’ experiences in the career and financial domains: Interviews with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 34(1–2), 227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stewart, D. E., Cheung, A. M., Duff, S., Wong, F., McQuestion, M., Cheng, T., … & Bunston, T. (2001). Long-term breast cancer survivors: Confidentiality, disclosure, effects on work and insurance. Psycho-Oncology: Journal of the Psychological, Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Cancer, 10(3), 259263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Super, D. E. (1963). Self-concepts in vocational development. In Super, D. E., et al. (Eds.), Career development: self-concept theory. New York: CEEB Research Monograph No. 4.Google Scholar
Super, D. E. (1990). The life span, life-space approach to careers. In Brown, D. & Brooks, L. (Eds.), Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (2nd ed., pp. 197261). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004) Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiedtke, C., de Rijk, A., Dierckx de Casterlé, B., Christiaens, M. R., & Donceel, P. (2010). Experiences and concerns about ‘returning to work’ for women breast cancer survivors: A literature review. Psycho-Oncology, 19(7), 677683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilensky, H. L. (1964). The professionalization of everyone? American Journal of Sociology, 70, 137158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilhoit, E. D. (2014). Opting out (without kids): Understanding non-mothers’ workplace exit in popular autobiographies. Gender, Work & Organization, 21(3), 260272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology. London: McGraw-hill Education.Google Scholar
Zamora, E. R., Yi, J., Akter, J., Kim, J., Warner, E. L., & Kirchhoff, A. C. (2017). ‘Having cancer was awful but also something good came out’: Post-traumatic growth among adult survivors of paediatric and adolescent cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 28, 2127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zomkowski, K., Cruz de Souza, B., Moreira, G. M., Volkmer, C., Da Silva Honorio, G. J., Moraes Santos, G., & Flores Sperandio, F. (2019). Qualitative study of return to work following breast cancer treatment. Occupational Medicine, 69, 189194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed