Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T19:50:30.997Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Creating Effective Interpretation for Managing Interaction Between Tourists and Wildlife

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2015

Mark Orams*
Affiliation:
Department of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Queensland
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Ecotourism associated with wildlife is becoming increasingly popular. The effects on wildlife of this increasing popularity are causing concern. Environmental interpretation programs may be a means of minimising negative effects if they are able to change tourists' behaviour. A review of cognitive psychology literature and theories of learning shows that simply increasing information and understanding does not necessarily result in more appropriate human behaviour. However, there are several techniques, such as the creation and resolution of cognitive dissonance and the use of the affective domain, which may create more effective interpretation. This paper reviews relevant theories of learning and offers guidelines for the creation of effective interpretation programs in the context of tourist - wildlife interaction.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

References

Bandura, A. 1969, Principles of behaviour modification, Holt, Reinhart and Winston, New York. NY.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. 1977, Social learning theory, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.Google Scholar
Beckmann, E.A. 1988, ‘Interpretation in Australia: Some Examples Outside National Parks’, Australian Parks and Recreation, vol. 2, no. 3, pp.812.Google Scholar
Dewey, J. 1933, How we think. Heath and Company, Lexington, MA.Google Scholar
Eiss, A. & Harbeck, M. 1969, Behavioural objectives in the affective domain, National Science and Teachers Association, Washington D.C.Google Scholar
Engel, J.F., Kollat, D.T. & Blackwell, R.D. 1973, Consumer behaviour, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, U.S.A.Google Scholar
Festinger, L. 1957, A theory of cognitive dissonance. Row Peterson, Evanston, EL.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. 1975, Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: an introduction to theory and research, Addison-Wesley, Sydney.Google Scholar
Forestell, P.H. 1993, ‘If Leviathan has a face, does Gaia have a soul?: Incorporating environmental education programs in marine ecotourism programs’, Ocean and Coastal Management, vol. 20, pp.267282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goetz, E.T., Alexander, P.A. & Ash, M.J. 1992, Educational psychology: A classroom perspective, Macmillan, NY.Google Scholar
Gudgion, T.J. & Thomas, M.P. 1991, ‘Changing environmentally relevant behaviour’, Environmental Education and Information, vol. 10, no. 2, pp.101112Google Scholar
Hammit, W.E. 1984, ‘Cognitive processes involved in environmental interpretation’, Journal of Environmental Education, vol. 15, no. 4, pp.1115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hegerl, E.J. 1984, ‘An evaluation of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park concept’, The Capricornia section of the Great Barrier Reef. Past, present and future, Ward, W.T. and Seanger, P., Eds., Royal Society of Queensland and Coral Reef Society, Brisbane, Qld. pp. 173180.Google Scholar
Herbst, R.L. 1979, ‘Introduction’, Trends, vol. 16, no. 1, p.2.Google Scholar
Hergehahan, B.R. 1988, An introduction to theories of learning. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.Google Scholar
Hines, J.M.et al 1986/1987, ‘Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behaviour: A meta-analysis’, Journal of Environmental Education, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hungerford, H.R. & Volk, T.L. 1990, ‘Changing learner behaviour through environmental education’, Journal of Environmental Education, vol. 21, no. 3, pp.821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iozzi, L.A. 1989, ‘What research says to the educator. Part one: Environmental education and the affective domain’, Journal of Environmental Education, vol. 20, no. 3, pp.39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laycock, G. 1991, ‘Good Times are Killing the Keys’, Audubon, vol. 93, no. 5, pp.3841.Google Scholar
Mellor, B. 1990, ‘Loving the Reef to Death?’, Time, vol. 45 (11), pp.4855.Google Scholar
Neisser, U. 1967, Cognitive psychology, Appleton Century Crofts, NJ.Google Scholar
Olson, E.C., Bowman, M.L. & Roth, R.E. 1984, ‘Interpretation and nonformal environmental education in natural resources management’, Journal of Environmental Education, vol. 15, no. 4, pp.610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavlov, I.P. 1927, Conditioned reflexes, translated by Anrep, G.V.. Oxford University Press, London.Google Scholar
Piaget, J. 1970, Psychology and epistemology, W.W. Norton, New York N.Y.Google Scholar
Ratnapala, L. 1992, ‘Global Trends in Travel and Tourism’, Hotelier, 04, pp.2433.Google Scholar
Sherif, C.W., Sherif, M. & Nebergall, R. 1965, Attitude and attitude change, Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.Google Scholar
VanDerZanden, J.W. 1980, Educational psychology in theory and practice. Random House, New York, NY.Google Scholar
Ward, F. 1990, ‘Florida's Coral Reefs are Imperilled’, National Geographic, vol. 178, no. 1, pp.115132.Google Scholar