Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T23:58:27.892Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effective Behavioral Support: A Proactive Alternative to School Discipline

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2016

Chris Timothy J. Lewis*
Affiliation:
University of Missouri –Columbia, USA
*
Address for: Tim Lewis, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Special Education, 303 Townsend Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Schools today are faced with an increase in problem behavior. Behavioral challenges often take extreme forms such as violence and aggression toward teachers and students. Even minor behaviors such as non-compliance are becoming chronic to the point of limiting educator’s ability to effectively teach. For a myriad of reasons, traditional “discipline” procedures are not effective in re-directing students toward more appropriate behavior. This article outlines and describes features of an alternative model that encourages educators to move from a reactive, consequent based system of behavior management to a pro-active instructionally focused system. Examples from on-going research with schools who are currently implementing systems of Effective Behavioral Support (EBS) are also provided.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Australian Association of Special Education 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Educator (1995-96). Elements of an effective discipline strategy. American Educator 19(4), 2427.Google Scholar
Biglan, A. (1995). Translating what we know about the context of antisocial behavior into a lower prevalence of such behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 479492.Google Scholar
Biglan, A. (1993). A functional contextualist framework for community interventions. In Hayes, S. C., Hayes, L.J., Reese, H.W., & Sarbin, T. R. (Eds.), Varieties of scientific contextualism (pp. 251276). Reno, NV: Context Press.Google Scholar
Carnine, D.(1997). Bridging the research-to-practice gap. Exceptional Children, 63, 513521.Google Scholar
Carr, E., Levin, L., McConnachie, G., Carlson, J., Kemp, D., & Smith, C. (1994). Communication-based intervention for problem behavior: A user’s guide for producing positive change. Baltimore: Brookes.Google Scholar
Colvin, G. , Kameenui, E., & Sugai, G. (1994). Reconceptualizing behavior management and school-wide discipline in general education. Education and Treatment of Children, 16, 361381.Google Scholar
Colvin, G., Sugai, G., Good, R., Ill, & Lee, Y. (1997). Using active supervision and precorrection to improve transition behaviors in an elementary school. School Psychology Quarterly, 12, 344363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conduct Problem Prevention Research Group. (1992). A developmental and clinical model for the prevention of conduct disorders: The FAST Track Program. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 509527.Google Scholar
Dishion, T., & Andrews, D. (1995). Preventing escalation in problem behaviors with high-risk, young adolescents: Immediate and one-year outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(4), 111.Google Scholar
Dishion, T., Patterson, G. Stoolmiller, M., & Skinner, M. (1991). Family, school and behavioral antecedents to early adolescent involvement with antisocial peers. Developmental Psychology, 27, 172180.Google Scholar
Dodge, K., & The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (1993, March). Effects of intervention on children at high risk for conduct problems. Paper presented at the Society for Research in Child Development, New Orleans, Louisanna.Google Scholar
Dunlap, G., Kern, L., dePerczel, M., Clarke, S., Wilson, D., Childs, K., White, R., & Falk, G. (1993). Functional analysis of classroom variables for students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 18, 275291.Google Scholar
Elliot, D. (1994a). Youth violence: An overview. Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Elliot, D. (1994b). Serious violent offenders: Onset, developmental course, and termination-The American Society of Criminology 1993 Presidential Address. Criminology, 32, 121.Google Scholar
Foster-Johnson, L., & Dunlap, G. (1993). Using functional assessment to development effective, individualized interventions for challenging behaviors. Teaching Exceptional Children, 25(3), 4450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, K. (1996). Young people and crime. Crime and Justice Bulletin #32, 18.Google Scholar
Guskey, T. (1986). Staff development and the process of teacher change. Educational Researcher, 15(5), 512.Google Scholar
Hart, B. & Risley, T. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore : P.H. Brookes.Google Scholar
Kameenui, E., & Simmons, D. (1990). Designing classroom management strategies within the context of instruction. In Kameenui, E. & Simmons, D. (Eds.), Designing instructional strategies: The prevention of academic learning problems (pp. 465488). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Kauffman, J. (1996). Research to practice issues. Behavioral Disorders, 22, 5560.Google Scholar
Kern, L., Childs, K., Dunlap, G., Clarke, S., & Falk, G. (1994). Using assessment-based curricular intervention to improve the classroom behavior of a student with emotional and behavioral challenges. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, (1) 719.Google Scholar
Kerr, M., & Nelson, C. (1998). Strategies for managing problem behaviors in the classroom (2nd ed.) Columbus, OH: Merrill.Google Scholar
Koop, C., & Lundberg, G. (1992). Violence in America: A public health emergency: Time to bite the bullet back. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267, 30753076.Google Scholar
Larson, J. (1994). Violence prevention in the schools: A review of selected programs and procedures. School Psychology Review, 23, 151164.Google Scholar
Lewis, T. (1996). Decision making about effective behavioral support: A guide for educators. Eugene, OR: National Center to Improve the Tools of Educators.Google Scholar
Lewis, T. Chard, D., & Scott, T. (1994). Full inclusion and the education of children and youth with emotional and behavioral disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 19, 277293.Google Scholar
Lewis, T., Colvin, G., & Sugai, G. (in press). The effects of precorrection and active supervision on the recess behavior of elementary school students. Education and Treatment of Children.Google Scholar
Lewis, T., & Sugai, G. (1999). Effective Behavior Support: A Systems Approach to Proactive School-wide Management. Focus on Exceptional Children 31(6), 124.Google Scholar
Lewis, T., Sugai, G., &.Colvin, G. (1998). Reducing problem behavior through a school-side system of effective behavioral support: Investigation of a school-wide social skills training program and contextual interventions. School Psychology Review, 27, 446459.Google Scholar
Lipsey, M. (1992). Juvenile delinquency treatment: A meta-analytic inquiry into the variability of effects. In Cook, T., Cooper, H., Cordray, D., Hartman, H., Hedges, L., Light, R., Louis, T.A., & Mostellar, F. (Eds.), Meta-analysis for explanation. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Mayer, G. (1995). Preventing antisocial behavior ¡n the schools. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 467478.Google Scholar
Mayer, G., & Butterworth, T. (1979). A preventive approach to school violence and vandalism: An experimental study. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 57, 436441.Google Scholar
Mayer, G., & Butterworth, T. (1981). Evaluating a preventive approach to reducing school vandalism. Phi Delta Kappan, 62, 498499.Google Scholar
Mayer, G., & Sulzer-Azeroff, B. (1991). Interventions for vandalism. In Stoner, G., Shinn, M., & Walker, H. (Eds.), Interventions for achievement and behavior problems (pp. 559580). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists Monograph.Google Scholar
Mayer, G., Nafpaktitis, M., Butterworth, T., & Hollingsworth, P. (1987). A search for the elusive setting events of school vandalism: A correlational study. Education and Treatment of Children, 10, 259270.Google Scholar
Mukherjee, S. (1997). Firearm-related violence in Australia. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice #70, 16.Google Scholar
Nelson, R., & Colvin, G. (1995). School-wide discipline: Procedures for managing common areas. In Deffenbaugh, A., Sugai, G., & Tindal, G. (Eds.) The Oregon Conference Monograph (pp. 109119). Eugene, OR: College of Education, University of Oregon.Google Scholar
O’Neill, R., Homer, R., Albin, R., Storey, K., & Sprague, J. (1996). Functional analysis of problem behavior: A practical assessment guide (2nd ed.). Sycamore: Sycamore IL.Google Scholar
Patterson, G., Reid, J., & Dishion, T. (1992). Antisocial boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia Press.Google Scholar
Peacock Hill Working Group. (1991). Problems and promises in special education and related services for children and youth with emotional or behavioral disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 16, 299313.Google Scholar
Rutherford, R., & Nelson, C. (1995). Management of aggressive and violent behavior in the schools. Focus on Exceptional Children, 27(6), 115.Google Scholar
Sugai, G., & Homer, R. (1999). Discipline and behavioral support: Practices, pitfalls, and promises. Effective School Practices, 17, 1022.Google Scholar
Sugai, G., & Homer, R. (1994). Including students with severe behavior problems in general education settings: Assumptions, challenges, and solutions. In Marr, J., Sugai, G., & Tindal, G. (Eds.). The Oregon conference monograph (Vol. 6) (p. 102120). Eugene, OR: University of Oregon.Google Scholar
Sugai, G., & Lewis, T. (1996). Preferred and promising practices for social skill instruction. Focus on Exceptional Children, 29(4), 116.Google Scholar
Taylor-Greene, S., Brown, D., Nelson, L., Longton, J. Gassman, T., Cohen, J., Swartz, J., Homer, R., Sugai, G., & Hall, S. (1997). School-wide behavioral support: Starting the year off right. Journal of Behavioral Education, 7, 99112.Google Scholar
Tolan, P., & Guerra, N. (1994). What works in reducing adolescent violence: An empirical review of the field. Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Umbreit, J., & Blair, K-S. (1996). Using structural analysis to facilitate treatment of aggression and noncompliance in a young child at-risk for behavioral disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 22, 7586.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Education (1998). Violence and discipline problems in U.S. public schools: 1996-97. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics.Google Scholar
Walker, H., Colvin, G. & Ramsey, E. (1995). Antisocial behavior in school: Strategies and best practices. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Walker, H., Homer, R., Sugai, G., Bullis, M., Sprague, J., Bricker, D., & Kaufman, M. J. (1996). Integrated approaches to preventing antisocial behavior patterns among school-age children and youth. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4, 193256.Google Scholar
Ziglar, E., Taussig, C., & Black, K. (1992). Early childhood intervention: A promising preventative for juvenile delinquency. American Psychologist, 47, 9971006.Google Scholar