Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:44:38.614Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Estimating the Variance of Bootstrapped Risk Measures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2013

Mary R. Hardy
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaN2L 3G1, E-Mail: [email protected]

Abstract

In Kim and Hardy (2007) the exact bootstrap was used to estimate certain risk measures including Value at Risk and the Conditional Tail Expectation. In this paper we continue this work by deriving the influence function of the exact-bootstrapped quantile risk measure. We can use the influence function to estimate the variance of the exact-bootstrap risk measure. We then extend the result to the L-estimator class, which includes the conditional tail expectation risk measure. The resulting formula provides an alternative way to estimate the variance of the bootstrapped risk measures, or the whole L-estimator class in an analytic form. A simulation study shows that this new method is comparable to the ordinary resampling-based bootstrap method, with the advantages of an analytic approach.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Actuarial Association 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Artzner, P., Delbaen, F., Eber, J.M. and Heath, D. (1999) Coherent measure of risk. Mathematical Finance, 203228.Google Scholar
Booth, J.G. and Sarkar, S. (1998) Monte carlo approximation of bootstrap variances. The American Statistician, 52(4), 354357.Google Scholar
Davison, A.C. and Hinkley, D.V. (1997) Bootstrap methods and their application. Cambridge University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dhaene, J., Vanduffel, S., Tang, Q., Goovaerts, M.J., Kaas, R. and Vyncke, D. (2006) Risk measures and comonotonicity: A review. Stochastic Models, 22(4), 573606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efron, B. (1992) Jackknife-after-bootstrap standard errors and influence functions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, 54(1), 83127.Google Scholar
Efron, B. and Tibshirani, R.J. (1993) An introduction to the bootstrap. Chapman & Hall, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourieroux, C. and Liu, W. (2006) Sensitivity analysis of distortion risk measures. Technical report, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Hall, P. (1992) The Bootstap and Edgeworth Expansion. Springer Series in Statistics. Springer-Verlag, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hampel, F.R., Ronchetti, E.M., Rousseeuw, P.J. and Stahel, W.A. (1986) Robust Statistics: The Approach Based on Influence Function. John Wiley & Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Hutson, A.D. and Ernst, M.D. (2000) The exact bootstrap mean and variance of an L-estimator. Journal of Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 62, 8994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, B.L. and Zitikis, R. (2003) Empirical estimation of risk measures and related quantities. North American Actuarial Journal, 7(4).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaiser, T. and Brazauskas, V. (2007) Interval estimation of actuarial risk measures. North American Actuarial Journal, 10(4).Google Scholar
Kim, J.H.T. and Hardy, M.R. (2007) Quantifying and correcting the bias in estimated risk measures. ASTIN Bulletin, 37(2), 365386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manistre, B.J. and Hancock, G.H. (2005) Variance of the CTE estimator. North American Actuarial Journal, 9(2), 129156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shao, J. and Tu, D. (1995) The jackknife and bootstrap. Springer Series in Statistics. Springer, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staudte, R.G. and Sheather, S.J. (1990) Robust estimation and testing. John Wiley & Sons, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, S.S. (1996) Premium calculation by transforming the layer premium density. ASTIN Bulletin, 26(1), 7192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wirch, J.L. and Hardy, M.R. (2000) Distortion risk measures: Coherence and stochastic dominance. Woking paper.Google Scholar