Hostname: page-component-f554764f5-rj9fg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-18T06:12:03.381Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Zen Nazi in Wartime Japan: Count Dürckheim and his Sources—D.T. Suzuki, Yasutani Haku'un and Eugen Herrigel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2025

Brian Victoria
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Introductory Note: This is the final article in a three part series on the relationship of D.T. Suzuki and other Zen figures in wartime Japan to Count Karlfried Dürckheim and other Nazis. Part I of this series, “D.T. Suzuki, Zen and the Nazis” is available here. Part II, “The Formation and Principles of Count Dürckheim's Nazi Worldview and his interpretation of Japanese Spirit and Zen” is available here. Readers who have not yet done so are urged to read at least Part II of this series that provides crucial background information for understanding Part III.

Type
Research Article
Information
Asia-Pacific Journal , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , January 2014 , e2
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2014

References

Sources (Part III)

Albrecht, Fürst von Urach. Das Geheimnis japanisher Kraft (The Secret of Japan's Strength). Berlin: Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1943. Partial English translation available on the Web. (accessed 16 October 2013).Google Scholar
Arai, Kun. “Shūsenzen tainichi doitsujin no taiken” (Experiences of German Residents in Japan before the End of the War) in Bunka Ronshū, No. 15, September 1999.Google Scholar
Bix, Herbert. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. New York: HarperCollins, 2000.Google Scholar
Dürckheim, Karlfried Graf. Hara: The Vital Center of Man. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, 2004. Partial audio version available on the Web. (accessed 20 February 2013).Google Scholar
Dürckheim, Karlfried Graf. Die wunderbare Katze und andere Zentexte. Weilheim: Wilhelm Barth Verlag, 1964.Google Scholar
Dürckheim, Karlfried Graf. Japan und die Kultur der Stille. Munich-Planegg: O. W. Barth-Verlag, 1949.Google Scholar
Dürckheim, Karlfried Graf. Mein Weg zur Mitte. Freiburg, Basel, Wien: Herder TB, 1991.Google Scholar
Dürckheim, Karlfried Graf. Der Weg ist das Ziel: Gespräch mit Karl Schnelting in der Reihe “Zeugen des Jahrhunderts.” Göttingen: Lamuv, 1992.Google Scholar
Emery, Erin. “A place to find peace,” The Denver Post, October 30, 2007. Available on the Web at: http://buddhistmilitarysangha.blogspot.jp (accessed December 30, 2013).Google Scholar
Foster, Nelson and Snyder, Gary. “The Fog of World War II – Setting the Record Straight on D.T. Suzuki,” tricycle, summer 2010. Available on the Web. (accessed December 29, 2013).Google Scholar
Goettman, Alphonse. Dialogue on the Path of Initiation: The Life and Thought of Karlfried Graf Durckheim. Translated by Theodore and Rebecca Nottingham. Electronically published by Nottingham Publishing, 1998. Available on the Web. (accessed on 17 September 2013).Google Scholar
Herrigel, Eugen. Zen in the Art of Archery. Translated by Hull, Richard F.C. with a foreword by Suzuki, D.T. and a preface by Herrigel, Eugen. New York: Pantheon Books, 1953.Google Scholar
Herrigel, Eugen. “Die Aufgabe der Philosophie im neuen Reich” (The Question of Philosophy in the New [Third] Reich). Pfilzische Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften, 1934, pp. 26–32.Google Scholar
Herrigel, Eugen. “Nationalsozialismus und Philosophie.” Unpublished typescript, 1935 (kept in the university library of the University Erlangen-Nürnberg).Google Scholar
Herrigel, Eugen. “Nationalsozialismus und Philosophie” (National Socialism and Philosophy), 1935. Collection of Universitätsbibliotek Erlangen-Nürnberg. Feldpostbriefe der Philosophischen Fakultät 3, 1944, pp. 2–14.Google Scholar
Herrigel, Eugen. “Das Ethos des Samurai” (The Ethos of the Samurai), 1944.Google Scholar
Kapleau, Philip. The Three Pillars of Zen. Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1965.Google Scholar
Kraft, Kenneth, ed. Zen Teaching, Zen Practice. Tokyo: Weatherhill 2000.Google Scholar
Maltarich, Bill. Samurai and Supermen: National Socialist Views of Japan. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2005.Google Scholar
Rochman, Bonnie. “Samurai Mind Training for Modern American Warriors,” Time, September 6, 2009. Available on the Web. (accessed December 29, 2013).Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Alfred. The Myth of the Twentieth Century. First published in German in 1930 as Der Mythus des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts. English translation available on the Web for download.Google Scholar
Satō, Kemmyō Taira in collaboration with Kirchner, Thomas. “D. T. Suzuki and the Question of War.” The Eastern Buddhist, No. 39/1: pp. 61–120. Available on the web. (accessed on 17 September 2013).Google Scholar
Satō, Kemmyō “Brian Victoria and the Question of Scholarship.” The Eastern Buddhist, No. 41/2, pp. 139–166. Available on the web. (accessed on 17 September 2013).Google Scholar
Schopenhauer, Arthur. The World as Will and Representation (Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung), Vol. 2, 1844.Google Scholar
Sharf, Robert H., “The Zen of Japanese Nationalism.” Available on the Web.Google Scholar
Sharf, Robert H., “Whose Zen? Zen Nationalism Revisited.” Available on the Web.Google Scholar
Speer, Albert. Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs. Translated by and, Richard Winston, Clare. New York: Macmillan, 1970.Google Scholar
Sueki, Fumihiko. “Daisetsu hihan saikō,” Matsugaoka Bunko Kenkyū Nenpō, No. 24, 2010.Google Scholar
Sueki, Fumihiko. “Nihon Bukkyō to Sensō–Suzuki Daisetsu o chūshin toshite.” Paper presented at the Kankoku Nihon Shisō-shi Gakkai on November 29, 2008.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. “Rain kahan no ichigū kara” (From a Spot on the Banks of the Rhine). Chūgai Nippō (newspaper), 3, 4, 6, 11, and 13, October 1936.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. “A Buddhist View of War.” Light of Dharma 4, 1904.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. Zen Buddhism and Its Influence on Japanese Culture. Kyoto: Eastern Buddhist Society, 1938.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. Zen and Japanese Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. Zen und die Kultur Japans. Trans. Fischer, Otto. Stuttgart, Berlin: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1941.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. “A Reply from D. T. Suzuki,” Encounter 17, No. 4, 1961.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. Nihon no Reiseika. Kyoto: Hōzōkan, 1947.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. Nihonteki reisei. Tokyo: Daitō shuppansha, 1944; English translation by Norman Waddell as Japanese Spirituality. Tokyo: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Japanese Ministry of Education, 1972.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. “English Diaries,” Matsugaoka Bunko Kenkyū Nenpō, No. 26, 2012.Google Scholar
Tolischus, Otto. Tokyo Record. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1943.Google Scholar
Victoria, Brian. Zen at War. Second edition. Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006.Google Scholar
Victoria, Brian. Zen War Stories. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.Google Scholar
Victoria, Brian. “Zen as a Cult of Death in the Wartime Writings of D.T. Suzuki.” The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 30, No. 4, 5 August 2013. Available on the Web. (accessed on 17 September 2013).Google Scholar
Wehr, Gerhard. Karlfried Graf Dürckheim. Leben im Zeichen der Wandlung. Munich: Aktualisierte und gekürzte Neuausgabe, 1996.Google Scholar
Wehr, Gerhard. “The Life and Work of Karlfried Graf Durckheim” in Becoming Real: Essays on the Teachings of a Master, and, Alphonse Goettmann, Rachel, ed. Translated by Nottingham, Theodore J.. Electronically published by Nottingham Publishing, 1998. Available on the Web. (accessed on 23 October 2013).Google Scholar
Zwi Werblowsky, R. J., “Some Observations on Recent Studies of Zen,” in Studies in Mysticism and Religion Presented to Gershom G. Scholem, edited by Urbach, E. E., Zwi Werblowsky, R. J., and Wirszubski, Ch. (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1967), pp. 317–35.Google Scholar
Yamada, Shoji. Shots in the Dark: Japan, Zen and the West. Translated by Hartman, Earl. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Yamada, Shoji. “The Myth of Zen in the Art of Archery' in the Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, No. 28/1-12, 2001. Available on the Web. (accessed on 17 September 2013).Google Scholar
Yasutani, Ryōkō (better known as Yasutani, Haku'un). Dōgen Zenji to Shūshōgi (Zen Master Dōgen and the Shūshōgi). Tokyo: Fuji Shobō, 1943.Google Scholar
Yasutani, Ryōkō “Glückwunsch zum 70. Geburtstag von Graf Dürckheim von seinem Weggefährten” in Hippius, Maria (ed.), Transzendenz als Erfahrung. Beitrag und Widerhall. Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von Graf Duerckheim. Weilheim: Wilhelm Barth Verlag, 1966.Google Scholar