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US Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Activities in Japan 1945 – 2015: A Visual Guide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2025

Desmond Ball  and
Richard Tanter
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‘Due to government secrecy, our citizens are often ignorant of the fact that our garrisons encircle the planet. This vast network of American bases on every continent except Antarctica actually constitutes a new form of empire – an empire of bases.’

Type
Research Article
Information
Asia-Pacific Journal , Volume 14 , Issue 6 , March 2016 , e4
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2016

References

Notes

1 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology During the Cold War, 1945-1989. Book II: Centralization Wins, 1960-1972, (Center for Cryptologic History, National Security Agency, 1995), p. 306.

2 James E. Pierson, A Historical Study of the Organizational Development of United States Air Force Security Service, 1970-1974, (United States Air Force Security Service, Kelly AFB, San Antonio, Texas, 15 September 1974), p. 11.

3 Travis J. Tritten, ‘Pentagon Budget Cuts Take First Toll in Japan’, Stars and Stripes, 26 February 2014.

4 Josh Chapman, A Special Historical Study of the Organizational Development of the United States Air Force Security Service, 1948-1966, (HQ United States Air Force Security Service, San Antonio, Texas, 1 February 1967), pp. 35-36.

5 James Bamford, Body of Secrets: How America's NSA and Britain's GCHQ Eavesdrop on the World, (Century, London, 2001), p. 480.

6 George A. Brownell, The Origin and Development of the National Security Agency, (Aegean Park Press, Laguna Hills, California, 1981), pp. 30, 81.

7 Ibid., p. 64.

8 George F. Howe, ‘The Early History of NSA’, Cryptologic Spectrum, (Vol. 4, No. 2), Spring 1974, p. 17.

9 ‘Notes by the Secretaries to the Joint Communications-Electronics Committee’, Revision of Interim Outline Plan for Telecommunications Support of National Security Agency, (JCRC 1371/1, 19 July 1956), Appendix C to Enclosure A.

10 Larry Tart, Freedom Through Vigilance: History of U.S. Air Force Security Service (USAFSS). Volume III: USAFSS Ground Sites in Alaska and the Far East, (Infinity Publishing, West Conshoshocken, Pennsylvania, 2010), pp. 1602-1604.

11 Douglas Easton, ‘Gulf War Diary’, NCVA Cryptolog, (Kami Seya Special Edition, Fall 1997), pp. 35-37; and ‘VQ-1 History’, U.S. Navy Patrol Squadrons.

12 Class Pedro Rodriguez, ‘NIOC Misawa Changes Command’, DVIDS, 15 June 2012; and ‘Data Entry Operator 2 Job (Misawa, Aomori, JP)‘, Jobs77.

13 Dave Whitney, ‘Torii/Sobe/Okinawa COMSEC Operations’, Torii Tribune: Official Newsletter of ASA Okinawa, (Vol. 10, No. 2), July 2011, p. 3.

14 See, for example, Bill Person, The Ravenworks Sanction: A Novel, (BookSurge, 2004); W. T. Naud, Oji: Spy Girls at the Gate, (Grovesnor Square Press, Lucerne Valley, California, 2011); Donald Wertz Boyd, The 6924th, 1955-1956, (San Bernadino, California, August 2013); Robert S. Ruehrdanz, Chitose Road: A Novel, (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011); and George Welch, Insomnia Mimatsu: A Story of Love and Espionage in Misawa, (Booklocker, 2007).

15 Wayne G. Barker and Rodney E. Coffman, The Anatomy of Two Traitors: The Defection of Bernon F. Mitchell and William H. Martin, (Aegean Park Press, Laguna Hills, California, 1981), pp. 31, 35, 71.

16 Ed Brandt, The Last Voyage of USS Pueblo, (W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1969), p. 38; Trevor Armbrister, A Matter of Accountability: The True Story of the Pueblo Affair, (Coward-McCann, Inc., New York, 1970), p. 164; and Edward R. Murphy, Jr., Second in Command: The Uncensored Account of the Capture of the Spy Ship Pueblo, (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1971), p. 206.

17 Larry Tart and Robert Keefe, The Price of Vigilance: Attacks on American Surveillance Flights, (Ballantine Books, New York, June 2001), pp. 15-65.

18 Lloyd M. Bucher, Bucher: My Story, (Doubleday & Company, Garden City, New York, 1970), pp.210, 234-236, 317-318; and Trevor Armbrister, A Matter of Accountability, pp. 72-74, 250-253, 268-273.

19 ‘Captain Thomas H. Dyer’, America's Navy; and Matthew M. Aid, ‘US Humint and Comint in the Korean War: From the Approach of War to the Chinese Intervention’, Intelligence and National Security, (Vol. 14, No. 4), Winter 1999, p. 50; ‘The NSA Personnel Newsletter’, Washington, D.C., March 1954, p. 3; and ‘Capt Thomas H. Dyer, USN (1902-1985): 2002 Inductee’, National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS).

20 ‘DLIFLC Hall of Fame (2006 and 2007)‘, DLI Foundation; and Larry Tart, Freedom Through Vigilance: History of U.S. Air Force Security Service (USAFSS). Volume III, pp. 1158, 1163, 1164, 1166-1167, 1272-1273.

21 Christopher Koons, ‘Capt McGinnis Nominated for Cryptologic Hall of Honor’, InfoDomain: Decision Superiority for the Warfighter, Fall 2008, pp. 18-19.

22 ‘Maj Gen Doyle E. Larson, USAF: 2009 Inductee’, National Security Agency/Central Security Service Hall of Honor, 2009 Inductees; ‘Major General Doyle Eugene Larson’, U.S. Air Force; and ‘General Larson Retiring, Successor Named’, Hilltop News, 21 April 1983.

23 Jeffrey T. Richelson, The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA's Directorate of Science and Technology, (Westview, Boulder, Colorado, 2001), p. 81.

24 ‘Patrick M Hughes’, LinkedIn.

25 Matthew Aid, ‘New Commander of U.S. Navy SIGINT/Cyber Command’, 14 February 2014.

26 Marjorie Censer, ‘Government IT Contractors’, Washington Post, 28 February 2011; and ‘Centennial Character Sketch: Joan Dempsey’, YouTube, 7 April 2014.

27 Luke Harding, The Snowden Files: The Inside Story of the World's Most Wanted Man, (Vintage Books, New York, 2014), pp. 37-39; and Glenn Greenwald, No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State, (Metropolitan Books, New York, 2014), p. 43.