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Sitting Out but Standing Tall: Tokyo Teachers Fight an Uphill Battle Against Nationalism and Coercion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2025

John Spiri
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In Japan at War: An Oral History, Hideo Sato recalls being forced to hoist the hinomaru, the Japanese flag, in tandem with the playing of Kimigayo — “His Majesty's Reign,” the Japanese national anthem — as a schoolchild in the 1940s. If the flag reached the top of the pole too early the teachers would beat him. More than 60 years later, he's “chagrined that they still raise the flag.”

Type
Research Article
Information
Asia-Pacific Journal , Volume 6 , Issue 3 , March 2008 , e20
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2008

References

Notes

[1] Haruko Taya Cook and Theodore F. Cook. 1992. Japan at War: An Oral History (New York: The New Press) 235-236.

[2] For more on the Fundamental Law of Education, click here.

[3] Adam Lebowitz and David McNeill, “Hammering Down the Educational Nail: Abe Revises the Fundamental law of Education,” Japan Focus.

[4] Cook and Cook, Japan at War, 353.