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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2025
In his interviews and writings over the past decade, Osama bin Laden has repeatedly talked about America's atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He believes (incorrectly) that it was the atomic bombings that shocked the Japanese imperial government into an early surrender – and, he says, he is planning an atomic attack on America that will shock us into retreating from the Middle East.