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The American Brain Drain and Asia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2025

Vivek Wadhwa ,
Gary Gereffi  and
Alex Salkever
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The United States has long served as a magnet for talented scientists, engineers and mathematicians from China and India. This attraction has proven controversial, both in Asia and in the United States. Economic nationalists in China and India have long complained that the “brain drain” damaged their countries' ability to compete and slowed economic development by skimming off the best talent. For their part, critics in the United States claimed that foreign workers arriving on H-1B visas displaced U.S. knowledge workers and pushed down wages for this class of employment.

Type
Research Article
Information
Asia-Pacific Journal , Volume 7 , Issue 14 , April 2009 , e1
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2009

References

Notes

[1] Saxenian, AnnaLee. (1999). Silicon Valley's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California

[2] Saxenian, AnnaLee, Yasuyuki Motoyama, and Xiaohong Quan. (2002). Local and Global Networks of Immigrant Professionals in Silicon Valley. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California.

[3] Wadhwa, Vivek, Ben Rissing, AnnaLee Saxenian, and Gary Gereffi. (2007). Education, Entrepreneurship and Immigration: America's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Part II (June 11). Available here.

[4] Wadhwa, Vivek. (2009). Reverse Brain Drain, Issues in Science and Technology, Spring. Available here.

[5] Wadhwa, Vivek, AnnaLee Saxenian, Richard B Freeman, and Gary Gereffi. (2009). America's Loss is the World's Gain: America's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Part IV (March 2). Available here.

[6] Wadhwa, Vivek, AnnaLee Saxenian, Richard B Freeman, and Alex Salkever. (2009). Losing the World's Best and Brightest: America's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Part V (March 19). Available here.

[7] Kerr, William R. and William Fabius Lincoln. (2008). The Supply Side of Innovation: H-1B Visa Reforms and US Ethnic Invention. Harvard Business School Entrepreneurial Management Working Paper No. 09-005. Available here.

[8] Hunt, Jennifer and Gauthier-Loiselle, Marjolaine, How Much Does Immigration Boost Innovation?. IZA Discussion Paper No. 3921. Available here.

[9] Wadhwa, Saxenian, Freeman, and Gereffi (2009), America's Loss is the World's Gain: Ibid.