Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 January 2016
what they may lose in dignity they will undoubtly [sic] gain in comfort and health.
(The Champion, November 1836)The heating and ventilation of the two debating chambers in the British Houses of Parliament occupied the minds of various Select Committees and some of the country’s most renowned scientists and engineers during the nineteenth century. Indeed, since the seventeenth century the chambers had been major sites for technical experimentation in the field of ventilation, which, according to the Victorian physician Neil Arnott, reflected the technological and scientific advances made during this period. Nineteenth-century writers chronicled the design and testing of the numerous heating and ventilation systems that had been deployed. However, the strategies implemented during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were not entirely successful in generating a pleasant internal environment. The destruction of the ancient Palace of Westminster by fire on 16 October 1834 therefore provided an important opportunity to design completely new debating chambers from first principles.
1 E.g. Select Committee on House of Commons Buildings, Report from the Select Committee on House of Commons Buildings (HC 1831,308); Select Committee on the House of Commons’ Buildings, Report from the Select Committee on the House of Commons’ Buildings (HC 1833, 269).
2 Select Committee on Lighting, Second Report from the Select Committee on Ventilation and Lighting of the House (HC 1852,402) (hereafter ‘Second Report, 1852’), Q.1059.
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4 They were: Select Committee on Fire (1834), Select Committee on the Rebuilding of the New Palace of Westminster (1835); Select Committee on Ventilation (1835); Commission appointed to consider the plans for building the new Houses of Parliament (1836); Select Committee on Houses of Parliament (1836).
5 Hansard, HC Deb, 10 August 1836, vol. 35, cc 1057–87.
6 Select Committee on Ventilation, Report of the Select Committee on the Ventilation of the Houses of Parliament (HC 1835, 583) pp. iii–iv (hereafter ‘1835 Ventilation Committee’).
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21 Ibid.
22 Ibid., Q.387.
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46 Ibid., Q.553–55.
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48 London, Parliamentary Archives, Work 11/12, no. 2, letter from Benjamin Hawes to the Commissioners of Woods, 26 August 1835; 1835 Ventilation Committee, Q.499–501.
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60 Ibid., Q.583.
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62 Ventilation of the House. Letter from Dr Reid to the Viscount Duncannon (n. 25 above).
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65 Letter from Dr Reid to the Viscount Duncannon (n. 25 above); Reid, Illustrations, p. 273.
66 Ibid. (Reid to Duncannon).
67 Hours of debates are shown in the attendants’ registers, e.g., London, Parliamentary Archives, OOW/5, Registers of temperature control and ventilation for the House of Commons 1853–1928.
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72 ‘Ventilating the New Houses of Parliament’, Preston Chronicle, 21 May 1836.
73 London, National Archives, Work 11/12, no. 7, letter from the Treasury to the Commissioners of Woods, 26 August 1836; also National Archives, Work 29/3000, ‘Drawing referred to in Reid’s letter to Lord Canning, 11 May 1836, shewing the temporary houses of parliament &c. Manner in which ventilation is affected by the position of the continguous department’.
74 Hansard, HC Deb, 10 August 1836, vol. 35, cc 1057–87.
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123 Letter from Trench to Duncannon, 22 April 1838, in Ventilation and Lighting of the House (HC 1837–38, 358), pp.1ff
124 Letter from Reid to Duncannon, 28 March 1838 (n. 25 above).
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143 Second Report, 1852, Q.1102.
144 1839 Lighting Committee, Q.907.
145 1842 Ventilation Committee, Q.55.
146 Ibid.
147 Ibid., Q.161.
148 Ibid., Q.164.
149 1846 Lords Committee, Q.15.
150 Ibid., Q.17.
151 Ibid., Q.15–19.
152 1842 Ventilation Committee, Q.163–65.
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186 Return of the expenses connected with the experiments of the Bude light (HC 1840, 115); 1842 Lighting Committee.
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