Hostname: page-component-669899f699-2mbcq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-01T22:45:26.292Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 Human osteoarchaeology in Greece: an overview of the past 10 years and directions for the following 10

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 December 2024

Efthymia Nikita*
Affiliation:
Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center, The Cyprus Institute Email: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Human osteoarchaeology, the study of human skeletal remains from archaeological contexts, has a long history in Greece. This review paper examines the developments that have occurred in the field over the past decade using case studies published from 2015 onwards. These studies have been selected to demonstrate the wealth of osteoarchaeological research, geographically and temporally, and are organized based on the themes of mobility, diet, palaeopathology, activity patterns, and funerary archaeology. The final part of the paper discusses some of the key challenges that human osteoarchaeology in Greece faces. Most prominent among these challenges is the limited financial support for the humanities, the few national-level training opportunities in human osteoarchaeology in higher education, the lack of a national association within the field that could promote standardized practices and collaboration, and the fact that most osteoarchaeological material has come to light through rescue excavations. In association with these challenges, the future prospects of osteoarchaeology in Greece are briefly discussed.

Type
Archaeology in Greece 2023–2024
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies and the British School at Athens

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aidonis, A., Papavramidou, N., Moraitis, K. and Papageorgopoulou, C. (2021) ‘Trepanations in the ancient Greek colony of Akanthos: skull surgery in the light of Hippocratic medicine’, International Journal of Paleopathology 35, 821 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alonzi, E., Pacheco-Forés, S.I., Gordon, G.W. Kuijt, I. and Knudson, K.J. (2020) ‘New understandings of the sea spray effect and its impact on bioavailable radiogenic strontium isotope ratios in coastal environments’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 33, 102462 Google Scholar
Anastasiou, E., Papathanasiou, A., Schepartz, L.A. and Mitchell, P.D. (2018) ‘Infectious disease in the ancient Aegean: intestinal parasitic worms in the Neolithic to Roman period inhabitants of Kea, Greece’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 17, 860–64Google Scholar
Anthony, D.W. (2023) ‘Ancient DNA and migrations: new understandings and misunderstandings’, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 70, 101508 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bai, H., Guo, X., Narisu, N., Lan, T., Wu, Q., Xing, Y., Zhang, Y., Bond, S.R., Pei, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Jirimutu, J., Zhang, D., Yang, X., Morigenbatu, M., Zhang, L., Ding, B., Guan, B., Cao, J., Lu, H., Liu, Y., Li, W., Dang, N., Jiang, M., Wang, S., Xu, H., Wang, D., Liu, C., Luo, X., Gao, Y., Li, X., Wu, Z., Yang, L., Meng, F., Ning, X., Hashenqimuge, H., Wu, K., Wang, B., Suyalatu, S., Liu, Y., Ye, C., Wu, H., Leppälä, K., Li, L., Fang, L., Chen, Y., Xu, W., Li, T., Liu, X., Xu, X., Gignoux, C.R., Yang, H., Brody, L.C., Wang, J., Kristiansen, K., Burenbatu, B., Zhou, H. and Yin, Y. (2018) ‘Whole-genome sequencing of 175 Mongolians uncovers population-specific genetic architecture and gene flow throughout North and East Asia’, Nature Genetics 50, 1696–704CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bantavanou, P., Ganiatsou, E., Souleles, A., Georgiadou, A., Xanthopoulou, P., Aidonis, A. and Papageorgopoulou, C. (2024) ‘An investigation of enamel hypoplasia and weaning through histomorphological analysis and Bayesian isotope mixing models’, Dental Anthropology Journal 37, 2043 Google Scholar
Becker, S.K. (2019) ‘Labor across an occupational and gendered taskscape: bones and bodies of the Tiwanaku state (AD 500–1100)’, Bioarchaeology International 3, 118–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentley, A.R. (2006) ‘Strontium isotopes from the earth to the archaeological skeleton: a review’, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 13, 135–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britton, K. (2020) ‘Isotope analysis for mobility and climate studies’, in Richards, M.P. and Britton, K. (eds), Archaeological Science: An Introduction (Cambridge) 99124 Google Scholar
Buikstra, J.E. (1977) ‘Biocultural dimensions of archeological study’, in Blakely, R.L. (ed.), Biocultural Adaptation in Prehistoric America (University of Georgia Press) 6784 Google Scholar
Buikstra, J.E. and Lagia, A. (2009) ‘Bioarchaeological approaches to Aegean archaeology’, Hesperia Supplements 43, 729 Google Scholar
Buikstra, J.E., DeWitte, S.N., Agarwal, S.C., Baker, B.J., Bartelink, E.J., Berger, E., Blevins, K.E., Bolhofner, K., Boutin, A.T., Brickley, M.B., Buzon, M.R., de la Cova, C., Goldstein, L., Gowland, R., Grauer, A.L., Gregoricka, L.A., Halcrow, S.E., Hall, S.A., Hillson, S., Kakaliouras, A.M., Klaus, H.D., Knudson, K.J., Knüsel, C.J., Larsen, C.S., Martin, D.L., Milner, G.R., Novak, M., Nystrom, K.C., Pacheco-Forés, S.I., Prowse, T.L., Robbins Schug, G., Roberts, C.A., Rothwell, J.E., Santos, A.L., Stojanowski, C., Stone, A.C., Stull, K.E., Temple, D.H., Torres, C.M., Toyne, J.M., Tung, T.A., Ullinger, J., Wiltschke-Schrotta, K. and Zakrzewski, S.R. (2022) ‘Twenty-first century bioarchaeology: taking stock and moving forward’, American Journal of Biological Anthropology 178, 54114 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carson, E.A. (2006) ‘Maximum-likelihood variance components analysis of heritabilities of cranial nonmetric traits’, Human Biology 78, 383402 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christersson, L.A., Grossi, S.G., Dunford, R.G., Machtei, E.E. and Genco, R.J. (1992) ‘Dental plaque and calculus: risk indicators for their formation’, Journal of Dental Research 71, 1425–30CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeNiro, M.J. and Epstein, S. (1978) ‘Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals’, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 42, 495506 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeNiro, M.J. and Epstein, S. (1981) ‘Influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals’, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 45, 341–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Figueiro, G. (2024) ‘Simulating the effects of kinship and postmarital residence patterns on mitochondrial DNA diversity in mortuary contexts’, American Journal of Biological Anthropology, e24910CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganiatsou, E., Georgiadou, A., Souleles, A., Aidonis, A., Protopsalti, T., Tzevreni, S., Konstantinidou, K., Vasileiadou, S., Siegmund, F. and Papageorgopoulou, C. (2023) ‘Application of machine learning on isotopic data from tooth microsections for reconstructing weaning patterns and physiological stress’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 47, 103765 Google Scholar
Ganiatsou, E., Vika, E., Georgiadou, A., Protopsalti, T. and Papageorgopoulou, C. (2022) ‘Breastfeeding and weaning in Roman Thessaloniki: an investigation of infant diet based on incremental analysis of human dentine’, Environmental Archaeology, https://doi.org/10.1080/14614103.2022.2083925 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grauer, A.L. (ed.) (2023) The Routledge Handbook of Paleopathology (Oxford)Google Scholar
Hillson, S. (2018) ‘Dental pathology’, in Katzenberg, M.A. and Grauer, A.L. (eds), Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton (New Jersey) 293333 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillson, S. (2023) Dental Anthropology (Cambridge)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irish, J.D., Morez, A., Girdland Flink, L., Phillips, E.L. and Scott, G.R. (2020) ‘Do dental nonmetric traits actually work as proxies for neutral genomic data? Some answers from continental- and global-level analyses’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 172, 347–75CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jurmain, R., Cardoso, F.A., Henderson, C. and Villotte, S. (2011) ‘Bioarchaeology’s Holy Grail: the reconstruction of activity’, in Grauer, A.L. (ed.), A Companion to Paleopathology (John Wiley & Sons) 531–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karakostis, F.A., Buikstra, J.E., Prevedorou, E., Hannigan, E.M., Hotaling, J., Hotz, G., Liedl, H., Moraitis, K., Siek, T.J., Waltenberger, L., Widrick, K.J. and Harvati, K. (2021) ‘New insights into the manual activities of individuals from the Phaleron cemetery (Archaic Athens, Greece)’, Journal of Archaeological Science 131, 105415 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karligkioti, A., Douni, K., Mexi, M., Michailidi, P. and Nikita, E. (2023) ‘Approaching life (in)equality and social transformations in Eastern Attica from the Classical to the Roman era’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 47, 103819 Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick Smith, S. and Liston, M.A. (2020) ‘ Myositis ossificans traumatica with associated pseudarthroses in an adult from Late Bronze Age Athens, Greece’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 30, 410–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwok, C.S., Garvie-Lok, S. and Katzenberg, M.A. (2018) ‘Exploring variation in infant feeding practices in Byzantine Greece using stable isotope analysis of dentin serial sections’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 28, 563–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagia, Α., Papathanasiou, A. and Triantaphyllou, S. (2014) ‘The state of approaches to archaeological human remains in Greece’, in O’Donnabhain, B. and Lozada, M.C. (eds), Archaeological Human Remains: Global Perspectives (New York) 105–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagia, A., Moutafi, I., Orgeolet, R., Skorda, D. and Zurbach, J. (2016) ‘Revisiting the tomb: mortuary practices in habitation areas in the transition to the Late Bronze Age at Kirrha, Phocis’, in Dakouri-Hild, A. and Boyd, M.J. (eds), Staging Death: Funerary Performance, Architecture and Landscape in the Aegean (Berlin) 181205 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, C.S. (2015) Bioarchaeology: Interpreting behavior from the human skeleton (Cambridge)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lightfoot, E. and O’Connell, T.C. (2016) ‘On the use of biomineral oxygen isotope data to identify human migrants in the archaeological record: intra-sample variation, statistical methods and geographical considerations’, PloS one 11, e0153850 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Llamas, B., Fehren-Schmitz, L., Valverde, G., Soubrier, J., Mallick, S., Rohland, N., Nordenfelt, S., Valdiosera, C., Richards, S.M., Rohrlach, A., Barreto Romero, M.I., Espinoza, I.F., Tomasto Cagigao, E., Watson Jiménez, L., Makowski, K., Santiago Leboreiro Reyna, I., Mansilla Lory, J., Ballivián Torrez, J.A., Rivera, M.A., Burger, R.L., Ceruti, M.C., Reinhard, J., Spencer Wells, R., Politis, G., Santoro, C.M., Standen, V.G., Smith, C., Reich, D., Ho, S.Y.W., Cooper, A. and Haak, W. (2016) ‘Ancient mitochondrial DNA provides high-resolution time scale of the peopling of the Americas’, Science Advances 2, e1501385 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mardini, M., Badawi, A., Zaven, T., Gergian, R. and Nikita, E. (2023a) ‘Bioarchaeological perspectives to mobility in Roman Phoenicia: a biodistance study based on dental morphology’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 47, 103759 Google Scholar
Mardini, M., Badawi, A., Zaven, T., Gergian, R. and Nikita, E. (2023b) ‘Mechanical stress in the urbanized Roman Phoenician coast’, International Journal of Paleopathology 43, 5867 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maurer, A.F., Galer, S.J., Knipper, C., Beierlein, L., Nunn, E.V., Peters, D., Tütken, T., Alt, K.W. and Schöne, B.R. (2012) ‘Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in different environmental samples: effects of anthropogenic contamination and implications for isoscapes in past migration studies’, Science of the Total Environment 433, 216–29CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McConnan-Borstad, C., Garvie-Lok, S. and Katsonopoulou, D. (2018) ‘Diet at ancient Helike, Achaea, Greece based on stable isotope analysis: from the Hellenistic to the Roman and Byzantine periods’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 18, 110 Google Scholar
Michael, D.E., Fibiger, L., Moutafi, I., Šlaus, M., Katsimicha, M., Novak, M. and Molloy, B. (2023) ‘Exploring connectivity in Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age Greece and the Balkans using cranial non-metric analysis’, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 15, 165 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael, D.E., Fibiger, L., Ziota, C., Gkelou, L. and Molloy, B. (2021) ‘Exploring the efficacy of comparative bioarchaeological approaches in providing answers on marginality and networking: the example of Late Bronze Age Achlada in Florina, Northern Greece’, Bioarchaeology International 5, 2146 Google Scholar
Moles, A.C. (2023) ‘Dental disease reflects differential diets and changes in consumption over time at Knossos’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 33, 207–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moles, A.C., Reade, H., Jourdan, A.L. and Stevens, R.E. (2022) ‘Stable isotopes reveal dietary shifts associated with social change in Hellenistic, Roman and Late Antique Knossos’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 45, 103609 Google Scholar
Moutafi, I. (2021) Towards a Social Bioarchaeology of the Mycenaean Period: A Biocultural Analysis of Human Remains From the Voudeni Cemetery, Achaea, Greece (Oxford)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moutafi, I. and Voutsaki, S. (2016) ‘Commingled burials and shifting notions of the self at the onset of the Mycenaean era (1700–1500 BCE): the case of the Ayios Vasilios North Cemetery, Laconia’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 10, 780–90Google Scholar
Nafplioti, A. (2008) ‘“Mycenaean” political domination of Knossos following the Late Minoan IB destructions on Crete: negative evidence from strontium isotope ratio analysis (87Sr/86Sr)’, Journal of Archaeological Science 35, 2307–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nafplioti, A., Driessen, J., Schmitt, A. and Crevecoeur, I. (2021) ‘Mobile (after-) lifeways: people at pre-and protopalatial Sissi (Crete)’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 35, 102718 Google Scholar
Nikita, E. (2017) Osteoarchaeology: A Guide to the Macroscopic Study of Human Skeletal Remains (London)Google Scholar
Nikita, E. and Radini, A. (2023) ‘Occupational patterns in Anglo-Saxon and Medieval East Midlands, England: insights from activity-related skeletal changes’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 33, 419–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikita, E. and Triantaphyllou, S. (2017) ‘Human osteoarchaeology in Greece: research themes, challenges and potential’, Archaeological Reports 63, 6375 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikita, E., Mattingly, D. and Lahr, M.M. (2012) ‘Sahara: barrier or corridor? Nonmetric cranial traits and biological affinities of North African Late Holocene populations’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 147, 280–92CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nikita, E., Caruso, A., Karligkioti, A., Mardini, M. and Vergidou, C. (2023) ‘Minimizing data loss when excavating human skeletal remains’, in Margaritis, E., Oikonomou, A., Nikita, E. and Rehren, Th (eds), Field Sampling for Laboratory Analysis in Archaeology (Nicosia) 8899 Google Scholar
Nikita, E., Mardini, M., Tsimopoulou, C. and Karligkioti, A. (2021) ‘Bi(bli)oArch: an open-access bibliographic database for human bioarchaeological studies in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 39, 103151 Google Scholar
Nikita, E., Schrock, C., Sabetai, V. and Vlachogianni, E. (2019) ‘Bioarchaeological perspectives to diachronic life quality and mobility in ancient Boeotia, central Greece: preliminary insights from Akraiphia’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 29, 2635 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nitsch, E., Andreou, S., Creuzieux, A., Gardeisen, A., Halstead, P., Isaakidou, V., Karathanou, A., Kotsachristou, D., Nikolaidou, D., Papanthimou, A., Petridou, C., Triantaphyllou, S., Valamoti, S.M., Vasileiadou, A. and Bogaard, A. (2017) ‘A bottom-up view of food surplus: using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to investigate agricultural strategies and diet at Bronze Age Archontiko and Thessaloniki Toumba, northern Greece’, World Archaeology 49, 105–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panagiotopoulou, E., van der Plicht, J., Papathanasiou, A., Voutsaki, S., Nikolaou, E. and Tsiouka, F. (2016) ‘Isotopic (13C, 15N) investigation of diet and social structure in Early Iron Age Halos, Greece’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 10, 212–20Google Scholar
Papathanasiou, A., Fox, S.C. and Richards, M.P. (eds) (2015) Archaeodiet in the Greek World: Dietary Reconstruction from Stable Isotope Analysis (Princeton, New Jersey)Google Scholar
Papavramidou, N., Kalogeridou, R. and Papageorgopoulou, C. (2020) ‘History of medicine and biological anthropology interconnects postgraduate programme: the first year of operation’, Vesalius 26, 298 Google Scholar
Pederzani, S. and Britton, K. (2019) ‘Oxygen isotopes in bioarchaeology: principles and applications, challenges and opportunities’, Earth-Science Reviews 188, 77107 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitts, N.B., Zero, D.T., Marsh, P.D., Ekstrand, K., Weintraub, J.A., Ramos-Gomez, F., Tagami, J., Twetman, S., Tsakos, G. and Ismail, A. (2017) ‘Dental caries’, Nature Reviews: Disease Primers 3, 17030 Google ScholarPubMed
Prevedorou, E. and Stojanowski, C.M. (2017) ‘Biological kinship, postmarital residence and the emergence of cemetery formalisation at prehistoric Marathon’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 27, 580–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prowse, T.L. (2016) ‘Isotopes and mobility in the ancient Roman world’, in De Ligt, L. and Tacoma, L.E. (eds), Migration and Mobility in the Early Roman Empire (Leiden) 205–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rathmann, H. (2024) ‘Biodistance analysis’, in Nikita, E. and Rehren, Th (eds), Encyclopedia of Archaeology, second edition (London) 882–91Google Scholar
Rathmann, H., Lismann, S., Francken, M. and Spatzier, A. (2023) ‘Estimating inter-individual Mahalanobis distances from mixed incomplete high-dimensional data: application to human skeletal remains from 3rd to 1st millennia BC Southwest Germany’, Journal of Archaeological Science 156, 105802 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, J. and Waldron, T. (2001) ‘DISH and the monastic way of life’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 11, 357–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruff, C., Holt, B. and Trinkaus, E. (2006) ‘Who’s afraid of the big bad Wolff?: “Wolff’s law” and bone functional adaptation’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 129, 484–98CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmid, C. and Schiffels, S. (2023) ‘Estimating human mobility in Holocene Western Eurasia with large-scale ancient genomic data’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2218375120 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoeninger, M.J. (1985) ‘Trophic level effects on 15N/14N and 13C/12C ratios in bone collagen and strontium levels in bone mineral’, Journal of Human Evolution 14, 515–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoeninger, M.J. and DeNiro, M.J. (1984) ‘Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of bone collagen from marine and terrestrial animals’, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48, 625–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, N.M., Kreutzer, S., Souleles, A., Triantaphyllou, S., Kotsakis, K., Urem-Kotsou, D., Halstead, P., Efstratiou, N., Kotsos, S., Karamitrou-Mentessidi, G., Adaktylou, F., Chondroyianni-Metoki, A., Pappa, M., Ziota, C., Sampson, A., Papathanasiou, A., Vitelli, K., Cullen, T., Kyparissi-Apostolika, N., Zeeb Lanz, A., Peters, J., Rio, J., Wegmann, D., Burger, J., Currat, M. and Papageorgopoulou, C. (2022) ‘Ancient mitochondrial diversity reveals population homogeneity in Neolithic Greece and identifies population dynamics along the Danubian expansion axis’, Scientific Reports 12, 13474 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sjøvold, T. (1984) ‘A report on the heritability of some cranial measurements and non-metric traits’, in van Vark, G.N. and Howells, W.W. (eds), Multivariate Statistical Methods in Physical Anthropology: A Review of Recent Advances and Current Developments (Dordrecht) 223–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skourtanioti, E., Ringbauer, H., Gnecchi Ruscone, G.A., Bianco, R.A., Burri, M., Freund, C., Furtwängler, A., Gomes Martins, N.F., Knolle, F., Neumann, G.U., Tiliakou, A., Agelarakis, A., Andreadaki-Vlazaki, M., Betancourt, P., Hallager, B.P., Jones, O.A., Kakavogianni, O., Kanta, A., Karkanas, P., Kataki, E., Kissas, K., Koehl, R., Kvapil, L., Maran, J., McGeorge, P.J.P., Papadimitriou, A., Papathanasiou, A., Papazoglou-Manioudaki, L., Paschalidis, K., Polychronakou-Sgouritsa, N., Preve, S., Prevedorou, E.-A., Price, G., Protopapadaki, E., Schmidt-Schultz, T., Schultz, M., Shelton, K., Wiener, M.H., Krause, J., Jeong, C. and Stockhammer, P.W. (2023) ‘Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean’, Nature Ecology & Evolution 7, 290303 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steinrücken, M., Kamm, J., Spence, J.P. and Song, Y.S. (2019) ‘Inference of complex population histories using whole-genome sequences from multiple populations’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, 17115–20CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutter, R.C. and Verano, J.W. (2007) ‘Biodistance analysis of the Moche sacrificial victims from Huaca de la Luna Plaza 3C: matrix method test of their origins’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132, 193206 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Triantaphyllou, S. (2016) ‘Staging the manipulation of the dead in Pre-and Protopalatial Crete, Greece (3rd–early 2nd mill. BCE): from body wholes to fragmented body parts’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 10, 769–79Google Scholar
Tritsaroli, P. (2018) ‘Skeletal evidence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in a collective burial from Byzantine Greece’, Anthropological Review 81, 5365 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tritsaroli, P., Mion, L., Herrscher, E., André, G. and Vaxevanis, G. (2022) ‘Health, diet, and mortuary practices in the countryside of Byzantine and post-Byzantine Boeotia: the case of Hagios Sozon in Orchomenos’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 32, 1238–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ullinger, J. and Loewen, T. (2022) ‘Dental disease’, in Grauer, A.L. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Paleopathology (Oxford) 360–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Underhill, P.A. and Kivisild, T. (2007) ‘Use of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA population structure in tracing human migrations’, Annual Review of Genetics 41, 539–64CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaiglova, P., Halstead, P., Pappa, M., Triantaphyllou, S., Valamoti, S.M., Evans, J., Fraser, R., Karkanas, P., Kay, A., Lee-Thorp, J. and Bogaard, A. (2018) ‘Of cattle and feasts: multi-isotope investigation of animal husbandry and communal feasting at Neolithic Makriyalos, northern Greece’, PLoS One 13, e0194474 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Velasco, M.C. (2018) ‘Open sepulchers and closed boundaries? Biodistance analysis of cemetery structure and postmarital residence in the late prehispanic Andes’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 166, 906–20CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vergidou, C. and Nikita, E. (2024) ‘Human remains: diet’, in Nikita, E. and Rehren, Th (eds), Encyclopedia of Archaeology, second edition (London) 869–81Google Scholar
Vergidou, C., Karamitrou-Mentessidi, G., Malama, P., Darakis, K., Dee, M.W., Voutsaki, S., Nikita, E. and Vaiglova, P. (2023) ‘Exploring dietary differentiation in the Roman province of Macedonia: isotopic evidence from Pontokomi-Vrysi and Nea Kerdylia-Strovolos’, Environmental Archaeology, https://doi.org/10.1080/14614103.2023.2248774 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vergidou, C., Karamitrou-Mentessidi, G., Voutsaki, S. and Nikita, E. (2021) ‘Oral health and its implications on male–female dietary differences: a study from the Roman province of Macedonia’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 35, 102784 Google Scholar
Vergidou, C., Karamitrou-Mentessidi, G., Voutsaki, S. and Nikita, E. (2022) ‘A bioarcheological contribution to the social history of Roman Macedonia: the Pontokomi-Vrysi site in Kozani Prefecture, Greece’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 32, 1020–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, K., Mathieson, I., O’Connell, J. and Schiffels, S. (2020) ‘Tracking human population structure through time from whole genome sequences’, PLoS genetics 16, e1008552 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss-Krejci, E. (2011) ‘The formation of mortuary deposits: implications for understanding mortuary behavior of past populations’, in Agarwal, S.C. and Glencross, B.A. (eds), Social Bioarchaeology (Blackwell Publishing) 68106 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wesp, J.K. (2020) ‘Working in the city: an historical bioarchaeology of activity in urban New Spain’, Historical Archaeology 54, 92109 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whelton, H.L., Lewis, J., Halstead, P., Isaakidou, V., Triantaphyllou, S., Tzevelekidi, V., Kotsakis, K. and Evershed, R.P. (2018) ‘Strontium isotope evidence for human mobility in the Neolithic of northern Greece’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 20, 768–74Google Scholar
Williams, H. and Giles, M. (eds) (2016) Archaeologists and the Dead: Mortuary Archaeology in Contemporary Society (Oxford)CrossRefGoogle Scholar