Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T14:28:53.660Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

From football stadium to Iron Age hillfort. Creating a taxonomy of Wessex hillfort communities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2015

Abstract

The variability of Wessex hillfort form, use and development has long been noted, but not satisfactorily explained. This paper seeks to explain this variability and suggests that each hillfort may have had its own distinctive history of use, dependent upon the nature of the hillfort community – the people who visited, inhabited and used the hillfort. This paper starts by using grid–group analysis to define identities that can be found among modern communities – such as that of spectators of contemporary professional football clubs – which helps to frame our understanding of hillfort communities as constituted of households with differing motivations, loyalties and identification with the material environment. The variable trajectories of hillfort development are thus explained by the changing cultural relationships between Iron Age households and hillforts.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amit, V., 2002: Reconceptualising community, in Amit, V. (ed.), Realizing community. Concepts, social relationships and sentiments, London, 120.Google Scholar
Bailey, C.J., and Flatters, E., 1972: Trial excavation of an Iron Age and Romano-British site at Quarry Lodden, Bincombe, Dorset, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 93, 135–43.Google Scholar
Barrett, J.C., Bradley, R. and Green, M., 1991: Landscapes, monuments and society. The prehistory of Cranborne Chase, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, M., and McOmish, D., 1987: The required barrier, Scottish archaeological review 4, 7684.Google Scholar
Bradley, R., Entwistle, R. and Raymond, F., 1994: Prehistoric land divisions on Salisbury Plain, London (English Heritage Archaeological Report 2).Google Scholar
Cohen, A.P., 1982: Belonging. The experience of culture, in Cohen, A.P. (ed.), Belonging. Identity and social organisation in British rural cultures, Manchester, 118.Google Scholar
Collis, J., 1981: A theoretical study of hillforts, in Guilbert, G. (ed.), Hillfort studies, Leicester, 6676.Google Scholar
Critcher, C., 1979: Football since the war, in Clarke, J., Critcher, C. and Johnson, R. (eds), Working-class culture. Studies in history and theory, London, 161–84.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, B., 1984: Danebury. An Iron Age hillfort in Hampshire, Vol. 1, The excavations, 1969–78. The site, York.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, B., 1995: Danebury. An Iron Age hillfort in Hampshire, Vol. 6, A hillfort community in perspective, York.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, B., 2003: Danebury hillfort, Stroud.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, B., 2006: Understanding hillforts. Have we progressed?, in Payne, A., Corney, M. and Cunliffe, B. (eds), The Wessex hillforts project. Extensive survey of hillfort interiors in central southern England, London, 151–62.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, B., and Poole, C., 2000: The Danebury environs programme. The prehistory of a Wessex landscape, Vol. 2, Part 1, Woolbury and Stockbridge Down, Stockbridge, Hampshire, 1989, Oxford.Google Scholar
Davies, S.M., and Hawkes, J.W., 1987: The Iron Age and Romano-British coarse pottery, in Green, C.J.S. (ed.), Excavations at Poundbury, Vol. 1, The settlements, Dorchester, 123–27.Google Scholar
Davis, O.P., 2012: A re-examination of three Wessex type-sites: Little Woodbury, Gussage All Saints and Winnall Down, in Moore, T. and Armada, X. (eds), Atlantic Europe in the first millennium B.C. Crossing the divide, Oxford, 171–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, M., 1970: Natural symbols. Explorations in cosmology, New York.Google Scholar
Douglas, M., 2005: Grid and group. New developments, paper presented to a workshop on complexity and cultural theory in honour of Michael Thompson, London.Google Scholar
Douglas, M., 2006: A history of grid and group cultural theory, Semiotics Institute Online, accessed 16 May 2014, at http://projects.chass.utoronto.ca/semiotics/cyber/douglas1.pdf.Google Scholar
Fulford, M.G., Powell, A.B., Entwistle, R. and Raymond, F., 2006: Iron Age and Romano-British settlements and landscapes of Salisbury Plain, Salisbury.Google Scholar
Gingell, C., 1992: The Marlborough Downs. A Later Bronze Age landscape and its origins, Stroud.Google Scholar
Giulianotti, R., 2002: Supporters, followers, fans and flaneurs. A taxonomy of spectator identities in football, Journal of sport and social issues 26, 2546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, C.J.S., 1987: Excavations at Poundbury, Vol. 1, The settlements, Dorchester.Google Scholar
Hill, J.D., 1996: Hillforts and the Iron Age of Wessex, in Champion, T.C. and Collis, J.R. (eds), The Iron Age in Britain and Ireland. Recent trends, Sheffield, 95116.Google Scholar
Hill, J.D., 2012: How did Middle and Late Iron Age societies in Britain work (if they did)?, in Moore, T. and Armada, X. (eds), Atlantic Europe in the first millennium B.C. Crossing the divide, Oxford, 242–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hingley, R., 1984: The archaeology of settlement and the social significance of space, Scottish archaeological review 3, 2227.Google Scholar
Lock, G.R., Gosden, C. and Daly, P., 2005: Segsbury Camp. Excavations in 1996 and 1997 at an Iron Age hillfort on the Oxfordshire Ridgeway, Oxford.Google Scholar
Miles, D., Palmer, S., Lock, G., Gosden, C. and Cromarty, A.M., 2003: Uffington White Horse and its landscape. Investigations at White Horse Hill, Uffington, 1989–95, and Tower Hill, Ashbury, 1993–4, Oxford.Google Scholar
Moore, T., 2007: Perceiving communities. Exchange, landscapes and social networks in the later Iron Age of western Britain, Oxford journal of archaeology 26, 79102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, R., 1984: Danebury. An Iron Age hillfort in Hampshire. An aerial photographic interpretation of its environs, London.Google Scholar
Payne, A., Corney, M. and Cunliffe, B. (eds), 2006: The Wessex hillforts project. Extensive survey of hillfort interiors in central southern England, London.Google Scholar
Richardson, K.M., 1939: Excavations at Poundbury, Dorchester, Dorset, 1939, Antiquaries journal 20, 429–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharples, N., 1991: Maiden Castle. Excavation and field survey, 1985–6, London.Google Scholar
Sharples, N., 2007: Building communities and creating identities in the first millennium B.C., in Haselgrove, C. and Pope, R. (eds), The Earlier Iron Age in Britain and the near continent, Oxford, 174–84.Google Scholar
Sharples, N., 2010: Social relations in later prehistory. Wessex in the first millennium B.C., Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharples, N., 2012: Boundaries, status and conflict. An exploration of Iron Age research in the 20th century, in Moore, T. and Armada, X. (eds), Atlantic Europe in the first millennium B.C. Crossing the divide, Oxford, 668–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shennan, S., 1985: Experiments in the collection and analysis of archaeological survey data. The east Hampshire survey, Sheffield.Google Scholar
Taylor, I., 1971: Soccer consciousness and soccer hooliganism, in Cohen, S. (ed.), Images of deviance, Harmondsworth, 134–63.Google Scholar
Tullett, A., 2010: Community. Finding the middle ground in studies of prehistoric social organisation, in Sterry, M., Tullett, A. and Ray, N. (eds), In search of the Iron Age. Proceedings of the Iron Age Research Student Seminar 2008, University of Leicester, Leicester, 6182.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J., and Davies, S.M., 1995: Balksbury Camp, Hampshire. Excavations, 1973 and 1981, London.Google Scholar
Wheeler, R.E.M., 1943: Maiden Castle, Dorset, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitley, M., 1943: Excavations at Chalbury Camp, Dorset 1939, Antiquaries journal 23, 98121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodward, P.J., 1991: The landscape survey, in Sharples, N., Maiden Castle. Excavation and field survey 1985–6, London, 936.Google Scholar
Wylie, A., 1985: The reaction against analogy, in Schiffer, M.B. (ed.), Advances in archaeological method and theory, New York, 63111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wylie, A., 1988: Simple analogy and the role of relevance assumptions. Implications of archaeological practice, International studies in the philosophy of science 2 (2), 134–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar