XX.—The Episcopal Ornaments of William of Wykeham and William of Waynfleet, sometime Bishops of Winchester, and of certain Bishops of St. Davids

W. H. St. John Hope

doi:10.1017/S0261340900005178

XX.—The Episcopal Ornaments of William of Wykeham and William of Waynfleet, sometime Bishops of Winchester, and of certain Bishops of St. Davids

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 November 2011

W. H. St. John Hope

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In July of last year, on the kind invitation of Mr. J. B. Carrington, I was able, through the courtesy of the authorities of New College, Oxford, to examine at leisure the splendid crosier of their Founder, Bishop William of Wykeham, which Mr. Carrington had offered to cleanse from an accumulation of dust and dirt. One of the things at once apparent on examining the staff was its somewhat rickety condition, and in view of the fact that any mishap might be productive of deplorable injury, at the request of the College I drew up a report on the crosier and the steps that should be taken to make its several parts secure. As a consequence of this report the staff has been entrusted, on my recommendation, to Mr. C. Krall, who has carried out with his usual skill only such repairs as were absolutely necessary; it being the special instruction of the College that nothing further should be attempted. The wisdom of this course can not be too highly commended.

Type: Research Article
Information: Archaeologia , Volume 60 , Issue 2 , 1907 , pp. 465 - 492

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900005178 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1907

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^{page 466 note a} Reg. Arundel, part i. f. 215 b.

^{page 468 note a} The faces of the angels are not gilt, but they have golden hair.

^{page 469 note a} That on his left has evidently been cast from the other, and may be a comparatively modern “restoration” to fill a vacant niche.

^{page 470 note a} One of the crockets is missing.

^{page 470 note b} By Skelton, Joseph, in hisOxonia Antiqua RestaurataGoogle Scholar.

^{page 472 note a} Reg. Langham, f. 110 a.

^{page 472 note b} Ibid. f. 111 a.

^{page 472 note c} Fragments of it now preserved in the Guildhall Museum show that the two had many points. in common.

^{page 473 note a} Two of these are shown in the upper part of Plate XLVII.

^{page 474 note a} In the mitre as restored, these remnants have been laid down for preservation on either side of the large pearl ornament on the front horn.

^{page 475 note a} As noted above, the angels' wings in the enamelled plates on the crook of the crosier are barred of two colours.

^{page 476 note a} There is also a crystal and its pearls wrongly affixed to an imperfect socket of one of the enamels.

^{page 478 note a} The reverse of this is shown in Fig. 2.

^{page 479 note a} When Adam of Orleton became bishop of Hereford in 1317 he borrowed from his chapter various episcopalia, including a mitre which had many features in common with William of Wykeham's. It is described as “unam mitram de perlys cum voltis deauratis et amalatis plenis lapidibus pretiosis quam bonæ memoriæ dominus Johannes [sic for “Ricardus”] de Synefeud quondam episcopus Herefordensis [1282–3–1316–17] emit a magistro Willelmo do Kyngescote quondam canonico Herefordensi [1303–11] pretii quadraginta librarum.” [Reg. Orleton, f. 12 a.]

A Roll of the Household Expenses of Richard de Swinfield, Bishop of Hereford. Abstract, &c. (Camden Soc. 62), xxxvi. note.

^{page 479 note b} From certain points of resemblance to the crocketed parts of William of Wykeham's crosier, it is possible that these borders may originally have formed part of an earlier mitre belonging to William of Edington.

^{page 480 note a} One of these is shown in the upper part of Plate XLVII.

^{page 481 note a} In the Inventory of the Vestry of Westminster Abbey made in 1388 the seventh of the list of mitres is described as “de consimili panno [i.e. de panno serico vocato Bawdekyn] aurifrigiata est cum ymaginibus habens in utraque parte hoc nomen insertum .” Archaeologia, lii. 221.

^{page 484 note a} This jewel has been figured and described by the late Mr. Albert Way in The Archaeological Journal, ii. 206Google Scholar.

^{page 484 note b} On the dexter side the ruby is lost, and on the sinister side the uppermost emerald.

^{page 485 note a} They were not for the hoy-bishop and his ministers, as a previous section specifies certain ornaments “Pro pueris.”

^{page 485 note b} Hearno, T., Liber Niger Scaccarii (Oxford, 1728), ii. 574.Google Scholar

^{page 485 note c} See Dr. Bloxam's, Register of Magdalen College (Oxford, 1857), ii. 341–346.Google Scholar

^{page 486 note a} The late Dr. Rock, who has figured and described a buskin and a sandal, not very accurately, in his Church of our Fathers (ii. 249, 250), adds in a footnote that the sandal “is lined with very thin kid” He writes as if only one buskin and one sandal were preserved in the College.

^{page 487 note a} The buskins and sandals may be compared with another perfect English series, those found in the coffin of Archbishop Hubert at Canterbury in 1890. See Vetusta Monumenta, vii. plate iv. figs. 1, 2, 3.

^{page 487 note b} Through the kindness of the Rev. W. D. Macray, M.A. Hon. Litt.D. F.S.A. this entry has been collated with the original at Magdalen College.

^{page 488 note a} Jones, W. B. and Freeman, E. A., The History and Antiquities of St. David's (London, 1856), 113Google Scholar. See also a paper by Mr. J. B. Clear in Archæologia Cambrensis, 3rd S. xii. 63, and Spring Gardens Sketch Book, vi. pl. 60.

^{page 488 note b} See plan, etc. in Mr. Clear's paper above referred to.

^{page 489 note a} The piece of silver under the knot, at its junction with the stem, has been recently added by Mr. Krall by way of repair, owing to the chalice being broken at that point.

^{page 489 note b} Of Hope and Fallow's classification. See Archæological Journal, xliii.

^{page 489 note c} The crosier-head, chalice, and paten are also drawn full-size in The Spring Gardens Sketch Book, vi. pl. 60; they are also figured with the ring, etc. in Mr. Clear's paper in Archæologia Cambrensis.

^{page 491 note a} See Mr. Clear's paper above noted.

^{page 491 note b} This peculiar form of sinking also occurs on a paten found in Lincoln Minster in the grave of Bishop Richard of Gravesend, 1258–1279.

^{page 492 note a} See Mr. Clear's paper above noted.

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XX.—The Episcopal Ornaments of William of Wykeham and William of Waynfleet, sometime Bishops of Winchester, and of certain Bishops of St. Davids

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