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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 November 2011
In February, 1900, when Mr. George Payne gave us his excellent report from Kent as our local secretary there, he exhibited drawings (since reproduced in the Society's Proceedings) of a crypt or undercroft beneath the George Inn, Rochester, probably one of the most perfect specimens of the kind in England. I then mentioned that a somewhat similar crypt had existed on Laurence Poultney Hill, close to Cannon Street, until quite recently, that it had formed part of the mansion of Sir John de Pulteney, and that it was of great historic interest. Structures of this kind were common in English towns during the Middle Ages, not only beneath churches and chapels but under domestic buildings. They tended to make the upper portions dry, and merchants no doubt found them useful for the storage of goods, or as cellars only, according to circumstances. When art was not merely a thing to be discussed and criticised, but formed an essential part of every-day life, they were naturally also beautiful. These crypts, built of stone and only in part below ground, frequently had superstructures of wood, which in course of time have disappeared or been rebuilt. A good many of them still exist in provincial England, and in London several fine ones have been destroyed during the present century. I will begin by very briefly referring to a few of which I have found record.
page 257 note a 2nd Series, xviii. 82–87.
page 258 note a Turner, T. Hudson and Parker, J. H., Domestic Architecture of the Middle Ages (1853), ii. 186Google Scholar.
page 258 note b See Archaeologia, xxxi. 318–322.
page 259 note a See the King's letter to the Pope (printed in Wilson's History of St. Laurence Pountney, 26, note; also Stow's Survey.
page 259 note b See Wilson's, History of St. Laurence Pountney, p. 53, note.Google Scholar
page 260 note a 1st Series, i. 297.
page 260 note b Vol. i. plate 63.
page 260 note c One is reminded that there is a church and parish of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey in the City.
page 261 note a Noble's, History of the College of Arms, 1805.Google Scholar
page 261 note b Stow's, Survey, edition 1603.Google Scholar
page 261 note c Antiquarian Repertory (edition 1807), ii. 293, quoting a manuscript in the Heralds' College.
page 261 note a Hubbard, J. J., Historical Account of Allhallows the Great (1843).Google Scholar
page 263 note a See also Appendix A.
page 264 note a Vesp. D. xvii. fol. 76.
page 264 note b Pulteney's arms were, argent a fess dancetty gules, in chief three leopards' heads sable.
page 265 note a See Appendix B.
page 266 note a Thoms, in his edition of Stow's Survey, mentions the payment of a red rose at Christmas and a snowball at Midsummer, which was to be made yearly to Godfrey Bosville, Esq., as the rent of a farm at Brook House in Langsett, in the parish of Peniston, Yorkshire.
page 266 note b Sir John, at the same time, got leave to crenellate his house at Cheveley in Cambridgeshire, and his house at Penshurst, Kent. The great hall of the latter place, still standing, was built by him; see Archæologia Cantiana, xvii. p. xlviii.
page 268 note a These two Earls of Sussex, Robert and Henry, were buried in the north aisle of the church of St. Laurence Poultney, but in accordance with the will of Earl Thomas their bodies were afterwards removed to Boreham, in Essex, and buried in the chapel under an elaborate monument which he caused to be erected there.
page 271 note a In France the courses of stone ran parallel to the ridges. See Sir Gilbert Scott's Academy Lectures.
page 272 note b In Domestic Architecture of the Middle Ages, ii. 183, we are told how in a lease of Packman's Wharf, Thames Street, made in 1354–5, the lessee, Richard Wyllesdon, covenanted to build “in warde “a chief dwelling-place above stairs, viz. a hall 40 feet in length and 24 feet wide; and a parlour, kitchen, and buttery, as to such a hall should belong, taking care that there should be cellars 7 feet in height beneath the said hall, parlour, kitchen, and buttery. The materials to be used in the building generally were Maidstone stone and heart of oak.
page 274 note a A watercolour drawing of these doorways is in a collection now being exhibited by the Board of Education at Bethnal Green; they have also been photographed more than once. There was a very pretty shell-patterned door-head at No. 13, Sherborne Lane. The house was destroyed in 1874; Mr. W. Niven, F.S.A.., did an admirable etching of it.
page 274 note a Allen's History of London (ed. 1839), iii. 520.
page 276 note a It may be mentioned that in 1764, Mr. Arthur Beardmore, tinder sheriff of Middlesex and vestry clerk of the parish of St. Laurence Poultney, brought an action for false imprisonment against Lord Halifax, and gained a verdict with £1,000 damages, which were increased after a new trial to £1,500.
page 277 note a See Wilson's History of St. Laurence Pountney, 150–156, and Manning and Bray's History of Surrey, iii. 612.
page 278 note a Newcourt, in his Repertorium, i. 389, and Browne Willis, in his History of Mitred Abbies, ii. 131, erroneously mention Edward Gregory as succeeding him, and the editors of the Monasticon add the name of Richard Archbold. These two men were instituted to the church of St. Laurence Poultney after it had ceased to be collegiate. The last named is mentioned by Newcourt as also incumbent of Allhallows the Less.
page 280 note a For pedigrees of Pulteneys and Sherards see Nichols' History of Leicestershire, iv.
page 282 note a Probably an error for “in contracto.”