VI.—On the more important Breeds of Cattle which have been recognised in the British Isles in successive periods, and their relation to other Archaeological and Historical Discoveries

T. McKenny Hughes Esq.

doi:10.1017/S0261340900014296

VI.—On the more important Breeds of Cattle which have been recognised in the British Isles in successive periods, and their relation to other Archaeological and Historical Discoveries

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 January 2012

T. McKenny Hughes Esq.

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The origin of the commoner breeds of cattle is a question of the greatest interest to the antiquary and historian as well as to the agriculturist and naturalist. It is an inquiry into the history of an animal, which, when wild, was always hunted by man, and, when tame, has accompanied him in all his wanderings; which was domesticated in the far-off ages when it is doubtful whether we can rightly say that man was civilized; which was his standard for barter; his chattel, and the original of all pecuniary transactions; an animal whose remains lie buried with him or accidentally covered up wherever man has been.

Type: Research Article
Information: Archaeologia , Volume 55 , Issue 1 , 1896 , pp. 125 - 158

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900014296 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1896

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References

^{page 125 note a} See Ridgeway, Metallic Currency, p. 4.

^{page 125 note b} Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft im Wien, xii. Bd. S. 59.

^{page 125 note c} Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Europäischen Hausrindes, Berlin, 1892.Google Scholar

^{page 127 note a} Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Vienna, Karl Gerolds Sohn, 1878. Naturforscher Verein, Gratz, 1876.

^{page 128 note a} Op. Cit. p. 1. 14. See below p. 8.

^{page 128 note b} A Monograph of the genus Bos, by Vasey, Geo., London, 1857.Google Scholar

^{page 129 note a} , Carter, Geological Magazine, 1874, p. 492.Google Scholar

^{page 130 note a} Owen, British Fossil Mammals, 498; Flemming, History of British Animals, 1828; Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, ix. 645.

^{page 131 note a} Werner, op. cit. 5.

^{page 131 note b} Cœsar de Hello Gallico, lib. vi. 26.

^{page 131 note c} , Fisher, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, xxv. (1879) 670. See specimens in the Woodwardian Museum.Google Scholar

^{page 131 note d} , Brown, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1839, p. 163.Google Scholar

^{page 131 note e} , Woods, Description of Fossil Skull of an Ox, 4to, 1839.Google Scholar

^{page 131 note f} Tegetmeier.

^{page 131 note g} Harting, 214.

^{page 131 note h} On the Ancient Cattle of Scotland, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, ix. part ii. 587.

^{page 132 note a} Wild White Cattle, 141.

^{page 132 note b} Cambridge Review, vii. 366.

^{page 132 note c} Op. cit. i. 14.

^{page 132 note d} Wrzesniowski, Zeitschr. Für Wissenschaftl. Zoologie, 30 Bd. Suppl. 3 Heft s. 493–555.

^{page 132 note e} Extrait du Bulletin de la Soc. Imp. des Naturalistes de Moscou, 1888, No. 3.

^{page 133 note a} Encyclopœdia Britannica, v. 245.

^{page 134 note a} Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vii. (1857–1861), 64.

^{page 134 note b} Encl. Brit. v. 245.

^{page 134 note c} De Bello Gallico, v. 17.

^{page 134 note d} Op. cit. [9].

^{page 135 note a} Op. cit.

^{page 135 note b} Vide sup. p. 5.

^{page 136 note a} Ten Years’ Diggings, 130.

^{page 137 note a} Op. cit.

^{page 137 note b} Coins of the Ancient Britons, 242.

^{page 137 note c} Cf. Werner, op. cit. 21, et seq.

^{page 138 note a} Pliny, 22, 5, 5; Horace, Od. 4, 2, 60; Virgil, Georg. iii.

^{page 140 note a} Ridgeway, Op. cit. p. 306.

^{page 141 note a} Cf. Lucan, Phars. i. 473; Stat. Sylv. i. 4, 129.

^{page 142 note a} Kalnegger, Der Oësterreichischen Rinderrassen, i. 4 Heft, s. 105.

^{page 142 note b} Anson's Voyages, bk. iii. ch. ii. 309.

^{page 144 note a} See Darwin, passim; Sanson, quoted by Werner, op. cit. 22; Feser, Zeitschr. d. Landwirthschaftlichen Vereins in Bayern (Wahrnehmungen über das rothbrauner Oberfalzer-Rind), Aug. 1884.

^{page 145 note a} Storer, op. cit. 240.

^{page 145 note b} Low, The Domesticated Animals, &c., 369.

^{page 146 note a} Germ. 8.

^{page 146 note b} iv. 29.

^{page 146 note c} Uber die Rindviehrasse des nördlichen Russlands und ihre Veredelung; in Landwirthschaftl. Jahrbuch, Berlin, 1888. Translated by Bajobr, s. 299. Cf. Hehn, Kulturpfl. und Haustl. & c., 1874, ii. s. 410; ritzinger Wissenschaftl. Populäre Naturgeschichte der Säugethiere, V. Band, s. 612, Vienna, 1889.

^{page 147 note a} Storer, p. 196, et seq.

^{page 147 note b} Ib. p. 203.

^{page 147 note c} i.e. Of the genus Bos; there was in addition the Bison. Moreover, it is implied that the Urus had not become extinct, and Bos longifrons is ignored.

^{page 147 note d} By Matthew Paris, FitzStephen, and others.

^{page 147 note e} The Times, June 14, 1894, p. 5.

^{page 148 note a} Myvyrian Archaeology, ed. Owen, Jones, Denbigh, 1870, cap. ii. § 3, pp. 1014–1062.Google Scholar

^{page 148 note b} Speed, Hist. Great Britain, folio, 1611.

^{page 148 note c} Grævius, Thesaurus Antiquitatum Romanorum, 797.

^{page 149 note a} Storer, 221–237.

^{page 149 note b} Baring Gould, The Deserts of Southern France, i. 112, et seq.

^{page 149 note c} Storer, 91.

^{page 151 note a} From “The Vanguard.”

^{page 151 note b} Vasey, op. cit. p. 170.

^{page 151 note c} Storer, 349, 355.

^{page 151 note d} Low, The Domesticated Animals, &c., 306.

^{page 152 note a} The Domesticated Animals, &c, 369.

^{page 154 note a} Proc. Camb. Antiq. Soc., Jan. 25, 1892, Oct. 23, 1893, viii. 32, 255.

^{page 154 note b} For the use of horn-cores for road-making, fences, etc. see Kalm, Visit to England, 1748. Translated from the Swedish by Joseph Lucas. London, Macmillan, 1892 (T. I. p. 406), p. 69; Proc. Camb. Antiq. Soc. viii. 273.

^{page 155 note a} See for example Felkin, R. W., F.R.S.E., Notes on the Madi or Moru tribe of Central Africa, Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. xii. 303Google Scholar, et seq.

^{page 156 note a} Op. cit. p. 500.

^{page 157 note a} Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. xxii. 392.

^{page 157 note b} Op. cit. p. 500.

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VI.—On the more important Breeds of Cattle which have been recognised in the British Isles in successive periods, and their relation to other Archaeological and Historical Discoveries

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