XXI.—Excavations at Mount Caburn Camp, near Lewes, conducted in September and October, 1877, and July, 1878

Augustus Lane Fox

doi:10.1017/S0261340900006251

XXI.—Excavations at Mount Caburn Camp, near Lewes, conducted in September and October, 1877, and July, 1878

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 January 2012

Augustus Lane Fox

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Although many places from their extent may have possessed greater importance in early times, no British camp is perhaps better known to ourselves than Mount Caburn. Situated, not in the midst of a deserted heath as some of them are, but in the centre of a populous district, a very conspicuous feature from the town of Lewes, and close to the junction of the railways from Eastbourne and Newhaven, it has necessarily attracted the attention of all who pass that way. Various conjectures have been hazarded in local histories as to its origin and uses, and more numerous by far must have been the unrecorded speculations of the curious during the long period that Lewes has figured in history.

Type: Research Article
Information: Archaeologia , Volume 46 , Issue 2 , 1881 , pp. 423 - 495

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900006251 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1881

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References

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^{page 426 note a} Sussex Archæological Collections, vol. xx. p. 53Google Scholar, where three of the knives are engraved.

^{page 426 note b} Gill appears to be a mythical personage connected with this locality, and the often-told story of throwing a hammer from the top of the hill is repeated of him.

^{page 427 note a} Archælogia, vol. XLII. p. 39Google Scholar.

^{page 430 note a} Warne, , Ancient Dorset, p. 155.Google ScholarSmith, Roach, Collectanea, vol. vi. p. 8Google Scholar.

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^{page 430 note d} Meyrick, , Critical Inquiry into Ancient Armour, vol. i. p. xlviiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 430 note e} Hora: Ferales, p. 187. Pomponius Mela, lib. iii. e. 6.

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^{page 432 note a} Archæological Journal, vol. x. p. 218.Google ScholarYork Volume of the Archæological Institute, p. 6.

^{page 432 note b} Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries, vol. iv. p. 190Google Scholar.

^{page 432 note c} Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archæologiaal Society, vol. xvi. p. 23Google Scholar.

^{page 432 note d} Flint Chips, by Stevens, E. T., p. 65Google Scholar.

^{page 432 note e} Ibid. p. 65.

^{page 432 note f} Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. vii. p. 422Google Scholar.

^{page 432 note g} Ibid. vol. v. jap. 368-377.

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^{page 433 note a} See a memoir by Mr. Anderson, Joseph, Notes on the Evidence of Spinnning and Weaving in the Brochs or Pictish towers, &c, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. ix. p. 548Google Scholar.

^{page 433 note b} Compte Rendu of the seventh session of the International Congress of Prehistoric Archæology, 1874, Stockholm, p. 625, fig. 12Google Scholar PubMed.

^{page 433 note c} Les Palafittes on Constructions Lacustres da Lac de Paladru, par Chantre, M. Ernest, 1871, pl. xiiiGoogle Scholar.

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^{page 434 note c} Madsen, , Afbildinger, Steenalderen, pl. 2Google Scholar. See also Mémoires de la Société Royale des Antiquaires du Nord, nouvelle série, 1873-4, p. 96Google Scholar.

^{page 435 note a} Keller, p. 420, pl. cxxiii. figs. 22, 23.

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^{page 436 note a} Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archæological Society, vol. iii. p. 9Google Scholar.

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^{page 436 note c} Keller, pl. xliii. fig. G.

^{page 436 note d} Ed. Sacken, von, Das Grabfeld von Hallstatt, Taf. xix. 4, 5, 6Google Scholar.

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^{page 436 note f} Chantre, Ernest, Les Palafittes du Lac de Paladru, pl. vGoogle Scholar.

^{page 436 note g} Cave Hunting, by Dawkins, W. Boyd, F. R. S. p. 91Google Scholar.

^{page 436 note h} Lindenschmit's, Altertlämer, Heft. iv. Taf. 7Google Scholar, Heft. ix. Taf. G, Heft. x. Taf. 7. Smith, Roach, Collectanea, vol. ii. pl. xxxix.-xli. xlvGoogle Scholar.

^{page 436 note i} Cyprus, by Cesnola, General de, pl. ii. and pp. 312, 397Google Scholar.

^{page 436 note j} Schliemann, , Troy, pp. 229–264Google Scholar.

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^{page 437 note a} Layard, , Nineveh and its Remains, vol. ii. pp. 187, 350, 369Google Scholar.

^{page 437 note b} Sur les poignées des épées en bronze, Congrès International d'Anthropologie de 1874, p. 891Google Scholar.

^{page 437 note c} Horœ Ferales, p. 177. Bonstetten, , Notice sur des armes et chariots de guerre deconverts à Tiefenau, 1852, pl. ii. iii. iv.Google ScholarArchæologia, vol. XLV. p. 263.

^{page 437 note d} De Bello Gallico, v. c. 12.

^{page 437 note e} Artes Africanae, by Dr. Schweinfurth, G., pl. ivGoogle Scholar.

^{page 438 note a} Keller, second edition, p. 421, pi. cxxiii. figs. 19, 20.

^{page 438 note b} Warne, , Ancient Dorset, p. 153Google Scholar, pl. iii. repeated from Smith, Roach, Collectanea, vol. vi. p. 5, pl. iii. fig. 7Google Scholar.

^{page 439 note a} Compte Rendu read to the Société des Antiquaires de Norinandie by Charma, M. A. in 1851.Google ScholarMémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Normandie, vol. xix. p. 485.

^{page 439 note b} Recueil d'Antiquités Suisses, pl. xiv. fig. 8.

^{page 439 note c} Two other bills, very similar in form to that from the museum at St. Germain (No. 2), are in the museum at Rouen, and were found by the Abbé Cochet in excavations at Douvrend and Nesle-Hodeng; they measure respectively 1 foot and 1 foot 1 inch.

^{page 441 note a} Smith, Roach, Collectanea, vol. ii. pl. vii. fig. 6Google Scholar.

^{page 441 note b} Arcæological Journal, vol. xiii. p. 174Google Scholar.

^{page 441 note c} Smith, Roach, Collectanea, vol. vi. pp. 7–9Google Scholar.

^{page 441 note d} Archæologia, vol. XXXII. p. 452Google Scholar.

^{page 441 note e} Grabfeld von Hallstatt, by Ed. Sacken, von. taf. viii. figs. 1 and 2Google Scholar.

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^{page 443 note b} Smith, Roach, Collectanea, vol. v. p. 44Google Scholar.

^{page 444 note a} Keller, pp. 155, 163, 241, pl. xli. 1. li. Lindenschmit, Heft. viii. Taf. 4. Klemm, , Werkzeuge und Waffen, pp. 133–5Google Scholar.

^{page 444 note b} Hume, , Antiquities of Cheshire Coast, p. 181.Google ScholarArcæaologia, vol. xxxiv. p. 7J; vol. XXXVIII. p. 88.

^{page 446 note a} Archæological Journal, vol. v. pp. 193–8Google Scholar.

^{page 446 note b} Ibid. vol. v. p. 197; vol. xix. p. 171.

^{page 446 note c} Ibid. vol. v. p. 197. Pennant, , Tour in Scotland, vol. iii. p. 109Google Scholar

^{page 447 note a} Arcæologia, vol. XXXII. pp. 451-55Google Scholar.

^{page 447 note b} Gentleman's Magazine, 1844, vol. xxi. p. 185Google Scholar; vol. xxii. p. 635.

^{page 447 note c} Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, second edition, vol. i. p. 290Google Scholar.

^{page 447 note d} Journal of the Ethnological Society of London, new series, vol. i. p. 1Google Scholar.

^{page 448 note a} Archæological Journal, vol. viii. p. 95.Google ScholarArchæologia, vol. xxxiv. p. 21.

^{page 448 note b} Archæological Journal, vol. xii. p. 126Google Scholar.

^{page 448 note c} The Celt, Moman, and Sacon, by Wright, T., p. 179Google Scholar.

^{page 448 note d} Archæological Journal, vol. xii. p. IIIGoogle Scholar; vol. xiii. p. 1, pl. i. ii. and iii.

^{page 448 note e} Antiquities of Kertch, by McPherson, J. Duncan, 1857Google Scholar.

^{page 448 note f} Archæologia, vol. xxxiv. p. 21Google Scholar.

^{page 448 note g} Editor's note, Archæological Journal, vol. xii. p. 126Google Scholar.

^{page 449 note a} Nat. Hist. lib. xvii. cap. 8. Smith, Roach, Collectanea, vol. vi. p. 246Google Scholar.

^{page 449 note b} Old Neic Zealand, by a Maori, Pakeha, p. 154Google Scholar.

^{page 449 note c} See King's, Munimenta Antiqua, vol. i. 1799Google Scholar, for an excellent treatise on this subject. In the island of Malta I have myself found these subterranean grain repositories of such size that on one occasion I caused one of them to bo fitted up as a theatre for the soldiers.

^{page 449 note d} Diodorus Siculus, lib. v. 209. Munimenta Antiqua, vol. i. p. 48Google Scholar.

^{page 450 note a} Sussex Archæological Collections, vol. xvi. p. 52Google Scholar.

^{page 450 note b} Transactions of the International Congress of Prehistoric Archæology, third session, 1868, p. 185Google Scholar.

^{page 451 note a} Visitor's Handbook to Weston-super-Mare, by L. E. H. J. superintended by the Rev. Jackson, W.. Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archæological Society, vol. ii. p. 64Google Scholar.

^{page 451 note b} Archæologia Cambrensis, vol. iv. third series, p. 72Google Scholar.

^{page 451 note c} Archæological Journal, vol. xviii. p. 42Google Scholar. See also a paper by Mr. W. C. Borlase, Ibid. vol. xxx. p. 336.

^{page 454 note a} Excavations at Seaford, by Col. Fox, A. Lane, in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. vi. pl. xv. fig 3Google Scholar.

^{page 454 note b} Excavations at Cissbury Camp, by Col. Fox, A. Lane, in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. v. pl. xv. figs. 3 and 4Google Scholar.

^{page 457 note a} Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, by Wilson, Daniel, L.L.D., vol. i. p. 106Google Scholar.

^{page 457 note b} Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. viii. p. 413Google Scholar.

^{page 457 note c} On Gaulish Fortresses on the Coast of Brittany, by Man, R. F. Le, Archæological Journal, vol. xxix. p. 327Google Scholar.

^{page 457 note d} Keller, vol. i. p. 382.

^{page 457 note e} Ibid. p. 184, 233.

^{page 458 note a} Keller, vol. i. p. 235.

^{page 458 note b} Ibid. p. 326.

^{page 458 note c} De Bello Gallico, v. c. 12.

^{page 458 note d} Strabo, lib. iv. c. iv. 3.

^{page 458 note e} Diodorus Siculus, lib. v. 209. See also Munimenta Antiqua, vol. i. p. 14Google Scholar.

^{page 458 note f} Smith, , Dictionary of Antiquities, PariesGoogle Scholar.

^{page 458 note g} De Bello Gallico, v. c. 21.

^{page 459 note a} Tacitus, , The Annals, bk. xiiGoogle Scholar. ch. p. 33, Bohn's edition.

^{page 459 note b} De Bello Gallico, v. c. 9.

^{page 459 note c} Akerman, J. Y., On the Condition of Britain from the descent of Cæsar to the coming of Claudius, in Archæologia, vol. XXXIII. p. 179Google Scholar.

^{page 459 note d} De Bello Gallico, v. c. 12, 14.

^{page 459 note e} Ibid. iv. c. 20.

^{page 459 note f} Ibid. iv. c. 21.

^{page 459 note g} Lib. iii. c. 6. Horæ Ferales, p. 187.

^{page 459 note h} The Coins of the Ancient Britons, by Evans, John, F.R.S., 1864Google Scholar.

^{page 459 note i} De Bello Gallico, v. c. 12.

^{page 459 note j} De Bello Gallico, vii. c. 23.

^{page 459 note k} Translation by Duncan, vol. ii. p. 23Google Scholar.

^{page 459 note l} History of Julius Cæsar, vol. ii. p. 317, pl. 20Google Scholar.

^{page 460 note a} In the Manual of Elementary Field Engineering, 1877, p. 46Google Scholar, issued by authority to the army, it is laid down that stockades, when only intended to support their own weight in an upright position, are to be sunk three to four feet in the ground.

^{page 460 note b} Davis, and Thnrnam, , Crania BritannicaGoogle Scholar, Skull from White Horse Hill.

^{page 460 note c} Visitor's Handbook to Weston-super-Mare, p. 103.

^{page 461 note a} Archæologia Cambrensis, second series, vol. iv. p. 297Google Scholar; third series, vol. iv. p. 100.

^{page 461 note b} Ibid, second series, vol. i. p 174.

^{page 462 note a} Compte Rendu du Congrès International d'Anthropologie et d'Archéologie Préhistoriques, sixième session, Bruxelles, 1874, pp. 322–325, pl. 83Google Scholar.

^{page 463 note a} Sussex Arcæological Collections, vol. xxii. p. 71Google Scholar; xxiv. pp. 154, 165.

^{page 463 note b} On the Antiquity of the Iron Mines of the Weald, by Dawkins, W. Boyd; Transactions of the International Congress of Prehistoric Archæology, 1868, p. 189Google Scholar.

^{page 466 note a} In the twelve pits previously opened, 65 per cent, of the fragments were of the superior quality.

^{page 466 note b} Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. vii. p. 422. pl. xi. fig. 4Google Scholar.

^{page 467 note a} History of Julius Cæsar, by Napoleon, , vol. ii. p. 256.Google ScholarCæsar, De Bello Gallico, v. c. 43.

^{page 467 note b} In Wilde's Catalogue of the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy mention is made of a brass mould for casting oval pellets. Stone, p. 18.

^{page 467 note c} Old New Zealand, by a Maori, PahekaGoogle Scholar.

^{page 468 note a} Smith, Roach, Collectanea Antiqua, vol. vi. p. 281Google Scholar.

^{page 468 note b} Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. vii. p. 422, pl. xi. fig. 7Google Scholar.

^{page 468 note c} Smith, Roach, Collectanea, vol. vi. p. 7Google Scholar, pl. iii. fig. 7.

^{page 468 note d} Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. vii. p. 425, pl. xiGoogle Scholar. fig. 15. Possibly its identity might not be recognised from the description given of its resemblance to a cranium of some animal.

^{page 468 note e} Catalogue of Antiquities in the Museum of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, p. 41.

^{page 468 note f} See the discussion on Mr. Harrison's paper in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute above quoted.

^{page 469 note a} Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. vii. p. 425, pl. xi. fig. 12Google Scholar.

^{page 470 note a} Smith, Roach, Collectanea Antiqva, vol. ii. p. 20, pl. vi. figs. 2 and 3Google Scholar.

^{page 470 note b} Ibid. vol. vi. p. 7.

^{page 470 note c} One of these has since been found in my presence by Mr. Hilton Price in a pit in the interior of the citadel of the Herefordshire beacon camp on the Malvern Hills.

^{page 470 note d} Ancient British Coins, by Evans, John, F.R.S., pp. 123–129, pl. HGoogle Scholar.

^{page 472 note a} Examples of this may be mentioned in the case of the Danes' dyke at Flamborough, the camp at Dieppe, and other places.

^{page 474 note a} The fact of finding flint-flakes above the crust may be accounted for by their great abundance in this camp; they accompanied the soil in all its shiftings. A space just outside the ditch, where the turf had been removed, was literally strewed with them. This is one of the circumstances from which I argue that Ranscombo was the older camp of the two.

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XXI.—Excavations at Mount Caburn Camp, near Lewes, conducted in September and October, 1877, and July, 1878

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