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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 January 2012
Leverton is a parish in the wapentake of Skirbeck and parts of Holland in the county of Lincoln. The name has usually been thought to be a contraction for Leofric's town, but, as the assertion rests on no better authority than the Pseudo-Ingulph, it may be dismissed without examination. Whatever may have been the origin of the name, it has suffered little distortion or corruption during the course of eight centuries. The Domesday spelling, though not quite the same to the eye, is identical in sound with that of the present day.
page 333 note * Sub anno 870.
page 333 note † Levretune.
page 333 note ‡ J P. 555.
page 333 note § P. 557.
page 334 note * Commons' Journals, vol. lv. pp. 373, 377, 408, 447, 538.
page 334 note † In some places in Lincolnshire the peasants have an opinion that the alms given at Holy Communion is a charge made by the clergyman. I have known a woman refuse to receive the consecrated elements because she found that she had forgotten her purse.
page 334 note ‡ Hothouse plants and exotics were claimed to be subject to tythe in the parish of Kensington, a.d. 1781. —Gent. Mag. vol. lxvii. pp. 663, 939.
page 336 note * The Busseys were a family of very old standing in Leverton and the neighbourhood. In the Subsidy Roll for this parish in the 6th Edward III. we find the name of Bussey the second in the list of persons taxed. There is, I believe, no reason to doubt that the Busseys of this place were an offshoot from the knightly house of Bussey of Hougham, in this county. I have, however, seen no evidence by which to prove the connection. A valuable chartulary of the Busseys of Hougham is in the British Museum, and yet remains unprinted. It forms No. 1756 of the Harleian Manuscripts.
page 336 note † A William Murre, probably this person or a near relative, was the host of the Lion inn, situate in Bargate, Boston, in the early part of the succeeding century. He rented this house of the gild of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Boston for the yearly sum of fifty shillings. He was dead in the 7th of Henry VIII. Compotus Gildœ B.V.M. fol. 4.
page 336 note ‡ The Church hill; A.-S. Cyrece Hou.
page 337 note * John Tamworth was father of Christopher Tamworth, the rector of the South Mediety of the rectory of Leverton in 1534, when the Valor Ecclesiasticus was taken. The family took its name from the borough of Tamworth. The branch of which the person named in the text was the head, had been settled in Lincolnshire from an early period, and had matched with the families of Thimbleby, Ayscough, Kyme, Willoughby, and other houses of distinction.—MS. Queen's Coll. Oxf, F. 22, fol. 4.
page 337 note † A scolp is a wooden shovel. The word is in this county usually restricted to the large shovels used for turning grain and potatoes. The family of Scolpholme of Lincolnshire used a scolp as an heraldic pun upon their name. Their arms were Argent, a scolp in pale sable between six water-cress leaves of the same.—Yorke, Union of Honour, Linc. Arms, p. 47.
page 338 note * Probably a mortuary.—1481, “Of Cutberd Eyer for the Queth Word of Tym Chawmbyr 40 s.” Walberswick Churchwardens' Accounts, Gardner's Dunwich, p. 148; 1505, “Of Will'm Atkyn for witword of Will'm Joneson weu[er] p't of amore [a larger] some, vj s. viij d.” Compot. Eccl. Sc'i Jacohi de Louth, com. Linc. MS. p. 104 : “1543. Item res' for Will Brigges bereall and for his wytward vj s viij d.” Kirton in Lindsey Churchwardens' Accounts; Proceedings of Soc. Ant. 2 series, ii. p. 386. Cf. Nichols's Illustrations, &c. from Churchwardens' Accounts, p. 200.
page 338 note † Leverton church is dedicated to St. Helen.
page 338 note ‡ The lenten curtain which hung between the choir and the nave. It remained hanging between the altar and the people during the whole of the mass until the gospel was read, when it was pulled aside, and the altar remained unveiled until the “orate fratres ” had been said. It would seem that this veil was withdrawn during the whole day on festivals of the double class. The lenten veil was commonly of a violet colour. The ground was sometimes white and richly ornamented with red crosses.—Rock, Church of our Fathers, iii. 221–225.
page 339 note * Leake is an adjoining parish.
page 339 note † A winch or windlass for raising stone at the quarry.
page 339 note † There is a fair at Swineshead for cheese, onions, &c. on the 2nd of October. The cattle fair is held on the first Thursday in June. Swineshead was the site of a small Cistercian abbey. Monast. Angl. ed. 1849, vol. v. p. 336. It is about fourteen miles from Leverton.
page 339 note § Fonts were required to be kept locked, lest the water should be used for magical purposes. This rule dates from early times, and is of constant occurrence in the decrees of local councils. Almost all the old fonts which yet remain have upon them the marks where the hinges and staples have been inserted.
page 339 note ¶ Quære a scaffold.
page 340 note * Carpenter.
page 340 note † The “sope barryll” had been cut in two and the halves used as buckets to draw material in to the masons at work upon the tower.
page 340 note ‡ There were two curtains in use during Lent, to each of which a line was attached. The first hung in the high choir immediately before the altar, the second between the nave and the chancel.—See note ante. Hart, Ecclesiastical Memorials, 233.
page 340 note § Lime-burner.
page 340 note ∥ A fodder or fother of lead is 19½ cwt.; “according to the book of rates 2,600 lbs., at the mines 2,250 lbs., among the plumbers at London 1956 lbs.”—Bailey, Dict, sub voc.
page 341 note * This entry if it stood alone would probably mislead; Richard Messure was the blacksmith employed to make the locks. The “bolsteres ” were bolts.
page 341 note † Brothertoft is a hamlet and chapelry in the parish of Kirton in Holland.
page 342 note * Frieston is a small village about three miles from Leverton, on the Boston road. It is probable that the carver who made the present font at Leverton, which is certainly of this period, dwelt here; the supposition is strengthened by the fact that the font at Frieston, although much more elaborate, is very similar in character to that at Leverton. There was a Benedictine priory here—a cell of the Abbey of Croyland.
page 342 note † Possibly this means that he instructed them the way in which they were to measure the quantity of stone that they had purchased; but see the next entry.
page 342 note ‡ They were, I imagine, guided through the fields to escape toll at a bridge or ford.
page 342 note § Probably the parson had paid a fee for the consecration of the corporax to one of the bishop's clerks or chaplains. Ecclesiastical vestments and utensils, in latter days at least, were always consecrated by one of the episcopal order. Lindwood says, commenting upon a constitution of Archbishop Edmund: “Vestimenta et alia ornamenta quibus Domino ministratur, non solum debet esse honesta, sed etiam sacrata, sive benedicta. Et debet hæc benedictio fieri ab episcopis non autem a simplici sacerdote.”—Constitut. Provinc. lib. i. tit. 6. Maskell, Monumenta Ritualia, ii. ccli.
page 342 note ∥ Reeds for strewing in the church.
page 342 note ¶ Half a dozen.
page 343 note * An obit.
page 343 note † Commissary.
page 344 note * This payment very frequently occurs in almost every possible form of mis-spelling. Its meaning is by no means clear. It may be a form of the word culvertage, culvertagium, a term used to indicate the escheating of a vassal's lands to his lord. Du Fresne's Gloss, and Jacob's Dict, sub voc. Cf. Mat. Parisiensis Historia Minor, ed. Madden, ii. p. 133. Culvert is a common word in Lincolnshire and elsewhere for a drain or sewer. It is not improbable that this rent may have been a tax for keeping the culverts in order. It has been suggested that the proper form of the word is culver-rent, and that it was a tax paid to the Lord of the Manor in lieu of his right of keeping pigeons. A.S. Culfre, a dove. This seems extremely unlikely.
page 344 note † Handle.
page 345 note * A hundred bundles of reeds.
page 345 note † Perhaps the churchyard cross. In that case the lead was used for the purpose of making the shaft fast on the base.
page 345 note ‡ This may have been a payment in lieu of a rent paid in bran. Brennagium, tributum quod pro brennio præstatur, vel brennium ipsum, quod tenentes dare tenentur dominis suis pro canum venaticorum pastu. Du Fresne, Gloss, sub voc. I believe, however, that it indicates a payment for burning the seed and coarse grass in the fens.
page 345 note § The north side of the church was at this time under repair. The shores were temporary supports of timber given to the walls. The word is still in use.
page 346 note * The holes which had been made in the walls for the ends of the shores.
page 346 note † Quære Swan.
page 346 note ‡ Reconciling the church after the above-mentioned repairs.
page 347 note * A bier was one of the articles of church furniture that the parishioners of each parish were bound to find. The coffin or receptacle for the body was usually detached from the bier itself. It would seem that, contrary to the usual custom, Thomas Hardye was buried in a coffin, and that his friends used for this purpose the one belonging to the parish bier. The reason for this is not obvious. Perhaps he had fallen a victim to some accident, or he may have died of some highly infectious disorder.
page 349 note * Perhaps for cement: poor cheese with lime is still used for cementing stonework.
page 349 note † The plough light was probably a taper supported by a parochial gild. There was a gild called “pluygh gilde” at Kirton in Lindsey in 1498.—Test. Gul. Blyton: and many other churches. See Blomfield, Norf. iv. 287, folio ed. The following entry was to be found in a churchwarden's account of Holbeach, in this county:—“
to Wm. Davy, the sygne whereon the plowghe did stond.”—Marrat's Hist. Linc. ii. 104.
page 349 note ‡ Wormgate is a street in the borough of Boston. The mill hill in Wormgate was ordered to be removed in 1705. Thompson's Hist. Boston, p. 212.
page 349 note § The Hollands of Swinestead were a very ancient family, who professed to trace their line from a Sir Stephen Holland, Knight, Lord of Stevington, in the time of Edward the Confessor. I believe the pedigree cannot be authenticated by record evidence beyond Sir Ealph Holland, who flourished in the reign of Edward I. This master Holland may have been Thomas Holland of Swinestead, who married—1st. Jane, da. of William Harvy of Euendon; 2nd. Jane, da. of Henry Smyth, of Walpole, co. Norfolk; and had issue by both his spouses. I think it is more probable, however, that the person mentioned in the text was the father of the above, namely, Sir Thomas Holland, Kt., who married a daughter of ‥‥. Sutton, of Burton. There is an elaborate pedigree of this family in the Heralds' Visitation of 1562.—MS. Queen's Coll. Oxf. F. 22, fol. 17.
page 349 note ∥ Ang.-Sax. Bannan, to proclaim. The players gave notice, it would seem, by proclamation of the times and places where they were going to perform. The churchwardens' accounts of the town of Louth in this county contain a very similar entry: “The Players of Grimsby, when they spake thair bayn or thaire play, vj s viij d.”
page 350 note * i.e. Ings-ground. “Ing, vox agro Linc, usitatissima, significat autem Pascuum Publicum seu Agrum compascuum.” Skinner, Etymolog. Linguœ Anglicanœ. Probably half the parishes in Lincolnshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire have lands in them called the Ings. The word is generally found to indicate marshy pasture land. It probably indicates the lands held in common by the members of the tribes who founded our villages. Cf. Richardson's Dict., and Bosworth's A.S. Dict., sub voc.
page 351 note * The bottles in which wine and other liquors were kept in these times were usually of leather. We have evidence that this was so, for an entry occurs shortly of a payment of 1d. for “sesening of ye wine bottell.”
page 351 note † The hercia ad tenebras, or hertium quadragesimale, was a triangular candlestick containing twenty-four lights. It was used during the service of Tenebræ, or mattins and lauds, for the three latter days in holy week. The inhabitants of every parish were obliged to provide one of these candlesticks or hearses.—Synodus Exon, a Petro Quivil, a.d. 1287, cap. xii. in Wilkins's Concil. ii. 139. Rock, Church of our Fathers, iii. pt. 2, p. 233.
page 351 note ‡ Irons.
page 351 note § It will be remembered that, by the old computation, the new year began on Lady-day, consequently the feast of Saint Valentine (February 14) of 1528 was counted to the old year.
page 352 note * The sconce was a lamp, or a vessel for containing one. The horns were the projecting portions to which chains were attached for suspending it.
page 353 note * Mats. “One knat” occurs in the Inventory of Sir William Eeade of Fenham, a.d. 1604, printed by the late Rev. James Raine, D.C.L. in his Hist, of North Durham, 117. That learned antiquary says it is “a matress of plaited straw.” The Leverton “nates “were probably mats to sit upon. We have seen that the floor of the church was not matted, but strewn with reeds.
page 353 note † Frampton is a village three miles south of Boston.
page 353 note ‡ This was probably a register of the portions or lots of the sea-bank that each inhabitant of the parish was bound to keep in good repair.
page 353 note § Albs.
page 353 note ∥ Slots are long narrow pieces of wood or iron, such as are used for bolts, A.S. Slitan. [1538] “For making of banddes, slottes, barres, and staples to the new church and the offices 14s. 10d.” Raine, Fabric Rolls of York Minster, (Surtees Soc.) p. 109. Cf. Admiral W. H. Smyth's Sailors' Word Book, 633. Cotterells are iron rings placed beneath the nuts of bolts to make them fit tight. The leather roundels at the top and bottom of a mop which are used to keep the wool together go by this name. It also occasionally means an iron or wooden wedge or pin used to secure a bolt. Cf. Best's Rural Economy in Yorkshire in 1641, (Surtees Soc.) p. 15. Brogden's Provincial Words in Linc. p. 47.
page 353 note ¶ A lanthorn.—Halliwell.
page 354 note * Rochet-surplice. The Rochet is a sleeveless surplice. “Rochetum differt a superpellicio quia superpellicium habet manicas pendulas, sed rochetum est sine manicis.” Lyndwood, Provinciale, 252, n. as quoted in Rock's Church of our Fathers, ii. 17.
page 354 note † The spouts used to conduct the molten lead into the mould prepared for it.
page 354 note ‡ See note to “auven gott,” infra, sub anno 1549.
page 354 note § Laths. Still called latts in Lincolnshire.
page 354 note ∥ A sheave or pulley. The poles and pulley had probably been borrowed of some one for the purpose of raising timber.
page 354 note ¶ If The parish coffins, vide ante.
page 356 note * Veil.
page 356 note † Pleading.
page 356 note ‡ The purse which contained the holy eucharist enfolded in the corporale. These cases were frequently called corporaxes, from that which they contained. They were often highly ornamented. When the ornaments and other articles of devotion were destroyed after the accession of Elizabeth these things were sometimes turned to strange uses. Thus at Branceton in this county, in the year 1566, a certain Eobert Bellamee bought two of these articles of the churchwardens, “whereof his wief made of one a stomacher for her wench, and of the other, being rept, she will make a purse.”—Mon. Sup. fol. 178, printed in the Editor's English Church Furniture, p. 56.
page 356 note § All Souls Day, November 2nd.
page 356 note ∥ Handle.
page 356 note ¶ The litany published by royal authority in 1544, under the title of “An exhortation vnto prayer, thoughte mete by the hinges majestie and his clergy to be read to the people in euery church afore processyons. Also a Letanye with sufferages to be said or song in the tyme of the said processyons.—Imprinted at London, in Flete-streete, by Thomas Berthelet, printer to the hinges highnes, the xxvij. day of May, in the yere of our Lorde M.D.XLIIII.” There is a copy of this very rare book in the Public Library at Cambridge. Archbishop Cranmer's mandate for keeping processions in English is dated 11th Aug. 1545. It is printed in the Parker Soc. Edit, of his Miscellaneous Writings, p. 495.
page 356 note ** The primer of King Henry VIII. published in 1545. In this book the above-mentioned Litany was reprinted. It has continued with slight alterations in the service books of the Church of England to the present day.
page 356 note †† King Edward the Sixth's Injunctions.—See Wilkin's Conc. iv. p. 3. Sparrow, Coll. p. 1. Cranm. Misc. Writings, p. 498. Fox's Acts and Mon. edit. 1858, v. 5, p. 706, for the complete text. An analysis is given by Heylin, Ecclesia Restaurata, edit. 1849, p. 70.
page 357 note * Seats.
page 357 note † The foregoing ornaments with others were sold in obedience to the injunctions before mentioned, which ordered that “all shrines, coverings of shrines, tables, candlesticks, trindles, or rolls of wax, pictures, paintings, and all other monuments of feigned miracles, pilgrimages, idòlatry, and superstition should be destroyed.”
page 357 note ‡ It would seem from many entries in these accounts that the churchwardens were in the habit of buying large quantities of wax for the service of the altars and the rood loft. When candles were no longer used in the worship of God this wax would be useless to them, they therefore sold their remaining stock to the rectors of the two Medieties.
page 357 note § John Taylour, S.T.P. succeeded George Henneage, LL.B. as Dean of Lincoln in 1544, and retained the office until promoted to be bishop of this diocese, 18th June, 1552. He was consecrated at Croydon on the 26th of the same month. Soon after the accession of Queen Mary I. he was deprived on account of his Protestantism, and John White, a Roman Catholic, appointed in his room.
page 357 note | Fines.
page 358 note * The Falcon Inn at Boston was situate in Bargate, Thompson, in his History of Boston, surmises that it was an important hostelry “prior to and during the sixteenth century.” The earliest mention of it which he had succeeded in discovering is dated 1611. There is at the present time an inn called the Falcon, standing very near to the spot on which the old “falkyu” stood.
page 358 note † The haven gowt. A gowt is a sink, vaulted passage for water, or the roadway over a water-course. Cf. Skinner, Etymologicon, sub. voc.
page 358 note ‡ The paraphrase of Erasmus on the Gospels was ordered by Edward the Sixth's Injunctions to be set up in some convenient place within each parish church.—Strype's Cranmer, ed. 1848, ii. p. 447.
page 358 note § Pulled in pieces. Inflection of Hale to Haul.
page 359 note * Kirton-in-Holland, a market town four miles south of Boston.
page 359 note † To dress is a common Lincolnshire provincialism for to cleanse, as applied to a ditch or drain.
page 359 note ‡ Instructions.
page 359 note § Tythe. wood.
page 359 note | The second prayer-book of King Edward VI.
page 359 note ¶ Cloughs, i. e. doors affixed at the mouth of a drain in order to prevent the inflowing of the tide.
page 359 note ** This entry has reference to the war with Scotland of 1547–1550. It is probably misplaced.
page 359 note ‡‡ A mazer bowl. See Promptorium Parvulorum, ed. Albert Way, s. v. Masere.
page 360 note * A basket for the Holy-bread or Eulogia. “1546. For a mand ffor hallybred, ij d.”—Churchwarden's Accounts, Kirton-in-Lindsey, in Proceedings of Soc. Ant. 2d. a. ii. p. 386.
page 360 note † A picture.
page 360 note ‡ Camis, camies, camus. Lat. Camisa, camisia, from Cama, a bed. See Du Fresne, Gloss, sub voc. Camis seems in the first place to have meant thin linen, such as night-clothes were made of. It afterwards came to signify any thin light texture, whether of linen or silk ; e.g. Spenser says that Radigund was dressed
“All in a Camis light of purple silke
Woven uppon with silver, subtly wrought,
And quilted uppon sattin white as milke.”
Faerie Queene, B. v. c. v. s. ii.
Camis seems sometimes to represent the Latin Camoca or Camucum, “Panni sacrici vel pretiosioris species.” Du Fresne.
page 360 note § A hundred turves for the plumbers to make a fire with to melt their lead.
page 360 note | Thomas Ogle of Pinchbeck represented a younger branch of the great northern family of Ogle, ennobled in the year 1461 in the person of Robert Ogle Dominus Ogle Chl'r. The following table, abridged from the Lincolnshire Heralds' visitation of 1562, shows the ancestry of the “mast' oggell” mentioned above.
page 361 note * “The sepulkhure howvsse “was probably the Easter Sepulchre. The old one had doubtless been made away with in the preceding reign. The Easter Sepulchres in small churches were commonly, but not always, of wood. Thus we find when the old church ornaments were destroyed under Queen Elizabeth, that at Denton in this county a sepulchre was “sold to Jolmne Orson and he haith made a presse therof to laie clothes in.” Peacock's Church Furniture., p. 66.
page 361 note † Serges are large tapers.—See Raine, Fabric Rolls of York Minster, p. 352. The word is here used for candlesticks. Possibly then, as now in some Roman Catholic churches, the candlesticks were made to represent very large tapers.
page 361 note ‡ The rood was almost always a carved effigy not a painting. As, however, all the roods had been ordered to be defaced in the reign of Edward VI. when his sister Mary came to the Throne it would seem that there was a greater demand for these objects than the sculptors could supply, or that from motives of economy paintings on wood or canvas were used instead of statues. We find that in the year 1566 the little church of Awkborough “the rode, Marye and John were painted of a bordc.”—Church Furniture, p. 45 In the case of Leverton, this pictured rood was but a temporary expedient. We find that in 1557 a rood of the proper kind was ordered at Lincoln.
page 361 note § Portiforium. Anglice: Portuis was the common name used in this country for a breviary. The English, breviaries were divided into two parts only, Hiemalis and Æstivalis.—Maskell, Mon. Rit. ii. p. xxii.
page 362 note * Frundele. Two pecks.—Bailey, Diet.
page 362 note † Articles to be enquyred in thordinary Visitacion of the Lord Cardinall Pooles Grace Archebyshop of Canterbury wythin hys Dioces of Cantarbury. In the yeare of our Lorde God M.v.c.lvj.—Bohn's Lowndes's Bibliog. Manual, i. p. 76.
page 362 note ‡ Thomas Watson, S.T.P. Dean of Durham, and Master of St. John's coll. Cambridge, promoted to the see of Lincoln by papal bull, dated ix. cal. April (24 March) 1556–7. He was deprived of his bishopric on 25th June 1559. He died a prisoner in the castle of Wisbech in September 1584, and was buried in the church of St. Peter in that town on the 27th. The parish register which records his interment erroneously calls him John Watson, D.D. Hardy's Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Anglic, sub nom. Cooper's Ath. Cant. i. 491.
page 362 note § Quœre. A book of procession in English.
page 363 note * The English Invasion of Scotland under Lord Grey.—Froude, vii. p. 212. Hume, chap, xxxviii.
page 363 note † Injunctions given by the Queen's Majestic, A.D. 1559. The fyrst yere of the raign of our sovereign Lady Queue Elizabeth. London. 4to. Bohn's Lowndes.
page 363 note ‡ “A Fourme to be used in Common Prayer twise a weke, and also an Order of Publique Fast to be used every Wednesday … during this time of mortalitie … Lond. 1563.” A copy of this very rare form is in the possession of the Rev. Thomas Lathbury.—Notes and Queries, 1st Ser. viii. p. 535. This dreadful pestilence originated among the English soldiers besieged in Havre by the French. The infected garrison surrendered on the 29th July 1563. On their return home they brought the plague to this country, and spread it at once through the length and breadth of England. In London alone upwards of 21,000 persons are said to have perished.—See Hunter's Hallamshire, p. 6 ; Parker Soc. Epist. Tigurinœ, i. p. 79; Zurich Letters, ii. p. 109; Carte, Hist. Eng. iii. p. 414 ; Hollinshed, Chron. 1587, iii. p. 1205; Kennet, Hist. Eng. 1706, ii. p. 393; Froude, Hist. Eng. vii. p. 51.
page 363 note § The Articles of 1562.
page 364 note * A post or upright of a wall.—Halliwell.
page 364 note † A seam of glass is 120 lb.; of corn, eight bushels ; of wood, a horse-load; of land, a fourth part of an acre. A horse-load of lime is perhaps the quantity here meant.
page 364 note ‡ “A Fourme to be used in Common Prayer every Sunday, Wednesday, and Friday throughout the whole Realme: to excite and stirre up all Godly People to pray for the preservation of those Christians and their countreys that are now invaded by the Turke in Hungary or elsewhere. Set furthe by The Reverend Father in God, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterburie. Imprinted by Richard Jugge and John Cawood.” This form is not dated, but it is known to have been put forth in 1566. There is a copy in Rev. Thomas Lathbury's collection.—Notes and Queries, 1st Ser. viii. p. 536.
page 364 note § John Aylmer, A.M. Archdeacon of Stowe, installed Archdeacon of Lincoln 6th November 1562. Made Bishop of London 1577. Strype's Life of Aylmer; Hardy's Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Angl. ii. 47.
A pedigree of the family may be seen in Harl. MS. 1550, f. 135 b. The Bishop's third son John settled at Risby, in the north of the county, and was living there in 1592.
page 364 note | This vessel yet exists, and is used for the Holy Communion. Upon the cover are engraved a lever and a tun, a pun upon the name of the village.
page 364 note ¶ “A new Postil, conteining Sermons upon the Gospells by Thomas Becon.” London, 1566. This book was reprinted the following year.
page 365 note * This entry is of constant occurrence in church accounts. It would seem that almost every church had a functionary for this purpose. From a note in the late Mr. Eastwood's History of Ecclesfield, p. 219, it appears that the “dog noper” still exists in that parish. There was, till about fifty years ago, a small pew in Northorpe Church, known as the Hall Dog Pew, in which the dogs who followed the residents at the Hall to church were confined during divine service.
page 365 note † Thomas Cooper or Cowper, S.T.P. elected Bishop of Lincoln 4th February 1570–1. Translated to “Winchester, 3rd March 1583–4. Died 29th April 1594. The book which the Leverton Church-wardens purchased was probably A briefe Exposition of Such chapters of the Old Testament as usually are red in the Church. 4to. London 1573. Wood's Ath. Oxon. sub nom. Bohn's Lowndes sub nom.
page 365 note ‡ A hundred Sermons upon the Apocalips. 4to. London 1561. Second edit. 1573.
page 366 note * St. Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, 1186–1200. His feast-day is the 17th of November. This was also the day on which Queen Elizabeth ascended the throne. It was probably on this latter account that the bells were rung.
page 366 note † Hinges; the provincial name is now Gimmers.
page 366 note † Was the “new stoole” a reading-desk ?
page 366 note § Flat tiles for roofing.
page 366 note | This was probably for a brief. Carlton le Moorland is a village in the parts of Kesteven, co. Lincoln, about 7 miles E.N.E. of Newark.
page 368 note * The collection for the elements for the Holy Eucharist. The inhabitants paid one penny a head.
page 368 note † Probably the pulpit now in use in Boston church was made about this time. Its ornamental carvings would lead to the conclusion that it was not older than the time of James I.
page 368 note ‡ The lodge for poor men was a thatched building situate on the north of the parish church at Louth. It was in existence in 1496. When or how it ceased to exist is unknown. It has not been traced lower than the reign of Elizabeth.—Notitiœ Ludœ, p. 208.
page 368 note § Burton-on-Stather in the north of the county.
page 369 note * A crutch.
page 369 note † Richard Bertie, son and heir of Thomas Bertie of Bersted, co. Kent, married Catherine Dowager Duchess of Suffolk, who was in her own right Baroness Willoughby of Eresby. He died 9th April 1582. Brydges' Collins' Peerage, ii. p. v. Lady Georgiana Bertie, Five Generations of a Loyal House.
page 369 note ‡ Sir Christopher Wray, Kt. was born at Bedale, co. York. He was a student at Buckingham College, afterwards Magdalen College, Cambridge, and was admitted at Lincoln's Inn, 6th February 1544–5. In 1574 he was appointed Lord Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench. He lived at Glentworth Hall, in the parts of Lindsay, about thirteen miles north of Lincoln. His death took place 7th May 1592. A stately monument covers his dust in the parish church of Glentworth, whereon he is represented in his official robes.
page 370 note * Gally-gaskins—wide loose trowsers. The term is still used in Yorkshire.