X.—The Round Castles of Cornwall

Sidney Toy

doi:10.1017/S0261340900005415

X.—The Round Castles of Cornwall

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 July 2011

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Following on the Norman Conquest, large estates in Cornwall and Devon were bestowed by William on Robert of Mortain, his half-brother, and on Judhel, one of his followers. Robert of Mortain received the earldom of Cornwall and large portions of both counties, holding 248 manors in Cornwall alone. His principal seat in Cornwall was at Launceston, though he had other castles in the county, including Trematon. Judhel, afterwards called Judhel of Totnes, also received estates in both counties, and became eventually one of the richest landowners in Devon. His principal castle was at Totnes. Another family—the Cardinans—only traditionally connected with the companions of the Conqueror, are found in the twelfth century in possession of considerable lands about Restormel, and held a castle there.

Type: Research Article
Information: Archaeologia , Volume 83 , 1933 , pp. 203 - 226

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900005415 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1933

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References

^{page 204 note 1} Dugdale, , Monasticon Anglicanum, ed. Caley, , Ellis, , and Bandinel, , vol. iv, 1823, p. 630Google Scholar.

^{page 205 note 1} Inq. Post Mortem, i Edw. I, 1273, C. 133, File 2 (7).

^{page 206 note 1} The Itinerary of John Leland, ed. L. T. Smith, 1907, vol. i, 218.

^{page 207 note 1} D. B., Cornwall. Terra Comitis Moritoniensis.

^{page 207 note 2} D. B., Devonshire. Terra Episcopi de Exonia.

^{page 207 note 3} Patent Roll. 16 John, 1215. Memb. 15. Rot. Lit. Pat., vol. i, 155 b.

^{page 207 note 4} Ibid., 4 Hen. Ill, 1220. Memb. 2d. Patent Rolls (1216–25), 266.

^{page 207 note 5} Close Roll. 14 Hen. Ill, 1228. Memb. 18. Close Rolls (1227—31), 133.

^{page 208 note 1} Close Roll. 7 Hen. Ill, 1223. Memb. 22. Rot. Lit. Claus., vol. i, 528 b.

^{page 208 note 2} Roll I. 15–16 Edw. Ill, 1341–2. Minister's Accounts, Cornwall. Preserved at the Office of the Duchy of Cornwall.

^{page 208 note 3} Register of Edward the Black Prince, Part II, 9.

^{page 208 note 4} Ibid., 47–8.

^{page 209 note 1} Op.cit., vol. i, 174–5.

^{page 209 note 2} Parliamentary Survey, Cornwall, 1650. E. 317, 23.

^{page 209 note 3} So called from a tradition that a woman condemned for witchcraft was burnt there.

^{page 212 note 1} Harley MS., 6252, fol. 70.

^{page 212 note 2} A mantelet was a covering or outer defence, sometimes a temporary wooden structure.

^{page 212 note 3} Caption of Seisin, 11 Edw. III. E. 120, 1 (1).

^{page 212 note 4} Patent Roll, 16 John, 1215. Memb. 17. Rot. Lit. Pat., 153 b.

^{page 213 note 1} The Survey of Cornwall by Richard Carew, 1602, second book, fol. 116.

^{page 216 note 1} Op. cit., vol. i, 325.

^{page 217 note 1} The state of the prisons of England and Wales, John Howard, 1784, pp. 391–2.

^{page 217 note 2} D. B. Cornwall. Terra Comitis Moritoniensis.

^{page 217 note 3} Caption of Seisin, 11 Edw. III. E. 120, 1 (26) (29).

^{page 218 note 1} Op. cit., vol. i, 210.

^{page 218 note 2} Harl. MS., 6252, fol. 73.

^{page 218 note 3} Op.cit., second book, fol. iii.

^{page 219 note 1} Observations of the Antiquities … of the County of Cornwall, by William Borlase, 1754, p. 321.

^{page 220 note 1} D. & H. Lysons in Magna Britannia, 1814, p. 176, state that this deed is among the documents of the Arundel family. Attempts to verify the statement, Memorials of Lostwithiel, by F. M. Hext, 1891, p. 204, that Richard received Restormel by deed of gift from Isolda Tracy, 1265, have been unsuccessful.

^{page 220 note 2} Patent Roll. 50 Hen. Ill, 1265. Memb. 46. Cal. Pat. Rolls (1258–66), 495.

^{page 220 note 3} Calendar of Inquisitions, vol. iii, p. 457, 29 Edw. I, 1301.

^{page 221 note 1} Register of Edward the Black Prince, part ii, 62–3, 65, 113, 198.

^{page 221 note 2} Ibid., 9, 60, 128, 168, 185, 198.

^{page 221 note 3} Op. cit., vol. i, 205.

^{page 221 note 4} Harl. MS., 6252, fols. 46–7.

^{page 221 note 5} Op. cit., second book, fol. 138.

^{page 222 note 1} Parliamentary Survey, Cornwall, 1649, 35.

^{page 222 note 2} The descriptions of the castles of Launceston, Restormel, and Trematon (as well as of Tintagel) occur on the roll in their order, and are repeated on the last folio, fol. 29. Reference to the image occurs on fol. 29 only, and en alabaustro has been inserted above the line—as by one who knew the name of the ‘precious stone’.

^{page 222 note 3} References to the Hermitage of the Trinity in the park occur in the Register of Edward the Black Prince, part i, 22, 138, part ii, 63. It probably stood at the foot of the hill on the site now occupied by Restormel House Farm.

^{page 222 note 4} Some months ago foundations were discovered in the bailey which may have belonged to the hall ‘outside the gate’, but these foundations have been removed.

^{page 222 note 5} Orders for the repair of this conduit were issued in 1354 and 1357. Register of Edward the Black Prince, part ii, 60, 128.

^{page 222 note 6} Caption of Seisin, 11 Edw. Ill, E. 120, 1 (8), (29).

^{page 224 note 1} The base of a similar loop lies near the porch of Restormel House Farm.

^{page 225 note 1} The roofs were repaired by the Black Prince whose agents had taken ‘by way of loan, on behalf and in the name of the prince, 102 oaks of a shape for roof beams for the repair of the prince's castle of Rostormel’ and were ordered to return ‘an equal number of equally good oaks’. Register of Edward the Black Prince, part ii, 185.

^{page 225 note 2} Ibid., 168.

^{page 225 note 3} Ibid., 185.

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