XIX.—Reginald, bishop of Bath (1174-1191); his episcopate, and his share in the building of the church of Wells

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doi:10.1017/S0261340900007335

XIX.—Reginald, bishop of Bath (1174-1191); his episcopate, and his share in the building of the church of Wells

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 January 2012

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I venture to think that bishop Reginald Fitzjocelin deserves a place of higher honour in the history of the diocese, and of the fabric of the church of Wells, than has hitherto been accorded to him.

His memory has been obscured by the traditionary fame of bishop Robert as the “author,” and of bishop Jocelin as the “finisher,” of the church of Wells; and the importance of his episcopate as a connecting link in the work of these two master-builders has been comparatively overlooked.

Type: Research Article
Information: Archaeologia , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , 1887 , pp. 295 - 360

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900007335 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1887

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References

^{page 295 note a} Reginaldi gesta historicus noster brevius quam pro viri dignitate enarravit. Wharton, , Anglia Sacra, i. 871Google Scholar.

^{page 295 note b} Historicus noster et post eum Godwinus nimis breviter gesta Reginaldi perstringunt quae pro egregii viri dignitate narrationem magis applicatam de Canonicis istis Wellensibus merita sunt. Archer, Ghronicon Wellense, sive annales Ecclesiae Cathedralis Wellensis, p. 75.

Dr. Archer, archdeacon of Taunton, 1712, of Wells, 1726, and canon residentiary, died 1739. He was the friend and correspondent of Thomas Hearne. His hand can be traced in notes throughout the Wells chapter registers. He has left books of manuscript notes, and a valuable chronicle of Wells history from the earliest time to the end of bishop Drokensford's episcopate, based on most careful study of the episcopal and chapter registers.

^{page 296 note a} R. iii. f. 296–302.

^{page 296 note b} Rev. J. Hunter Introduction to Historia, p. 4, Eccl. Doc. Camd. Soc. Publ. 1840.

^{page 296 note c} Eccl. Documents in Camden Soc. Publications. 1840. A Brief History of the Bishopric of Somerset, from its foundation to the year 1174. An extract from the Registrum Prioratus Bathon.—a MS. in the Library of the Hon. Society of Lincoln's Inn.

^{page 297 note a} FitzStephen, W., in Materials for History of Becket, vol. iii. p. 129Google Scholar, R.S., “Engelgerus de Bohun, quidam inveteratus dierum malorum,” gave the counsel, “Let him be crucified.”

^{page 297 note b} Bishop Stubbs in Gentleman's Magazine, Nov. 1863, and Preface to Epp. Gantnarienses, p. lxxxvi. note, has supplied materials for genealogies-of bishops Reginald and Savaric.

^{page 298 note a} On Henry's relations with Italy, France, Germany, v. Stubbs’ Pref. to Benedict of Peterborough, ii. p. xxxi. On Italian affairs of interest in England at this time, v. Stubbs’ Pref. to R. Howden, ii. p. xcii.

^{page 298 note b} Herbert of Bosham names some Lombards among the “ernditi” of Becket's followers, together with Reginaldus Lumbardus; Lumbardus of Piacenza, afterwards archbishop of Beneventum, Becket's teacher in canon law; Humbert Crivelli, of Milan, afterwards archbishop of Milan, and pope Urban III. in 1185, and others. Herbert thus describes Reginald:—

“Reginaldus natione Anglus, sed sicut educatione et cognomento Lumbardus, pro aetate prudens et industrius, animosus et efficax in agendis, qui extra patriam aliquanto tempore nobiscum fortiter stans, cito doloris nostri fuit principiuni.” V. Materials for Life of Becket, iii. p. 524Google Scholar.

^{page 298 note c} Peter of Blois, Ep. 61. He reminds him when archdeacon of Sarum, “curam non avium sed ovium suscepisti,” and warns him of the danger, “si non oves avibus antefertis.”

^{page 298 note d} R. de Diceto, vol. i. p. 302 (R. S.), an. 1158. They were betrothed 1160, p. 304.

^{page 299 note a} FitzStephen, W., in Materials for Life of Becket, iii. 99Google Scholar, E. S.

^{page 299 note b} Ib. vi. 565, R. S.

^{page 299 note c} Ib. vii. 59, R. S.

^{page 300 note a} Three of the four knights held lands in Somerset: Reginald Fitzurse—Richard Breto— William de Traci.

^{page 300 note b} Gervase says (i. 233, R. S.): “misit nuntios spectabiles et admodum loquaces.” R. Howden gives the names, vol. ii. p. 26, R.S.: Rotrodus, archbishop of Rouen, who stopped in Normandy; Aegidius bishop of Evreux; Roger bishop of Worcester; Richard de Blosseville, abbot of La Valasse; Reginald archdeacon of Sarum; Richard archdeacon of Lisieux; Richard Barre and Henry Pinchun, clerks. For the letter giving report, v. R. Howden, vol. ii. p. 25.

^{page 300 note c} Gervase adds (ibid.): “aliam viam supplicandi, more scilicet Romano sunt aggressi—vix tandem quingentis marcis interpositis admissi sunt.”

^{page 300 note d} Bull for the canonization of St. Thomas, dated March 13, 1173. R. de Diceto, i. 369.

^{page 301 note a} The act of pope Alexander reciting and confirming the joint action of the two chapters is contained in Chapter Documents i. 40. Cf. R. i. f. 94; R. iii. f. 266.

^{page 301 note b} Howden, ii. 59, v. Reginaldi Epist. ad regem, May 5, 1174. He says, “My own consecration and that of the others are deferred. Oar lord the pope has determined to settle nothing until reconciliation between you and your son shall be brought to pass.”

^{page 302 note a} E. Howden, ii. 41, 45. Cf. Benedict, who gives the document. By the settlements the passes of Mont Cenis, and four castles commanding them, would have been secured to Henry and put into his hands. In November of the same year Frederick Barbarossa entered Italy through the Mont Cenis passes, burnt Susa, and besieged Alexandria, lately built by the Lombard League. Vide Stubbs's Pref. to Benedict, p. xvi. on Henry's projects.

^{page 302 note b} Vide Vita S. Hugonis, p. 54. K. S. Cf. Preface, p. xxi.

^{page 303 note a} “Juga quoque montium transcendens intra valles Morianae, in ecclesia S. Johannis, et in vigilia S. Joannis Baptistae, Batoniensem electum consecravit, archiepiscopo Tarentasiae praesente, manum etiam apponente; accepta prius purgatione Batoniensis electi, quod mortem beati Thomae ueque verbo, neque facto, neque scripto procuravit scienter. Alii juraverunt quod, sicut opinabantur, conceptus fuit priusquam Jocelinus pater suns ad gradum sacerdotii promoveretur. R. de Diceto, i. 391. R.S.

^{page 303 note b} Archiepiscopus, Batoniensi comitatus episcopo, Burgundiae promontoria, campestria Galliae, Neustriae littora, cum aliqua remoratione transcendit, pertransiit, attigit. R. de Diceto, i. 391. R.S.

^{page 303 note c} The document is preserved in the archives of St. Lo. v. Somerset Archaeol. Proceedings, xix. ii. 94Google Scholar.

^{page 304 note a} The nave of the church is about 144 ft. long, by 30 ft. wide, and is divided from aisles 15 ft. wide by six massive Norman columns on each side. Two central columns on each side, larger than the rest, support a tower. Pointed arches rest on the columns.

It is a painful instance of thorough desecration—the nave is boarded over above the arches, and is used as an agricultural hall on market days; the upper part is a theatre approached by a door at the east end, and stairs. Under the later tower arches is the stage of the theatre—there had been a representation there by a travelling company the night before I was there—on Sunday, June 27th, 1886. There were two traditions told to me at St. Lo about the church; one, that it was built by St. Thomas when in exile—the other, that he was at S. Lo while it was building, and being asked to what saint it should be dedicated, replied, “to the first martyr”—after events led them to take this as a prophecy and direction with regard to himself.

^{page 304 note b} R. de Diceto, i. 398 (R.S.): Intronizationem Batoniensis episcopi Dorobernensis archie-piscopus, dum officio fungeretur legationis, visitando provinciam, sua praesentia multo sollempniorem effecit, viii.^o kalendas Decembris, et futuris reddidit memorialem.

Archer, Chron. Wellense, f. 46, quoting R. de Diceto in support, but, as it appears, incorrectly, assumes Wells to be the scene.

“Ricardus Cantuariensis legationis potestatem exercens provinciam suam visitavit cumque Welliam pervenisset viii. Kal. Dec. die Dominica Reginaldum Batoniensem inthronizavit.”

^{page 305 note a} R. iii. f. 268, 289—293. Confirmation of possessions of Bath abbey, by Adrian IV.

Bishop Reginald had been chosen by the joint action of the two chapters of Bath and Wells. It. i. f. 94. R. iii. f. 266. Cf. Doc. 1, 40.

^{page 305 note b} The contemporary documentary evidence is clear and consistent, that the title of the see from bishop John, 1088, to bishop Roger, 1244, was either “Bath” alone, or, between 1196—1219, “Bath and Glastonbury.” On the other hand, we have the statement of the “Canon of Wells,” writing in bishop Bubwith's time, in the 15th century, “that bishop Robert obtained from the pope a decree that the bishop's seat should be in both churches, that the bishop should be enthroned in both his churches, and that the name of Bath should be placed first in the bishop's style.” But this statement is not supported by tlie Historia Minor, nor by early documents in the Wells registers.

Archer, Ghronicon Wellense, f. 29, had long ago corrected Wharton and Godwin. As to the date of the first assumption of the title “Bath and Wells,” he says, “Canonicus noster et Godwinus quin et ipse Whartonus haud satis perspicue rem narrant—Nullus etenim episcoporum Bathoniensis et Wellensis nuncupates est a prima sedis translatione per Johannem Turonensem facta usque ad annum 1244.” Roger was consecrated at Reading, Sept. 11, 1244, by the title of Bath and Wells, “ad instantiam Domini Papae.” But he kept the old title of bishop of Bath on his seal. Pope Innocent writes to him from Lyons, May 14, 1245, “We hear from the dean and chapter of Wells that you resist our ordinance. We now enjoin you to call yourself bishop of Bath and Wells, and so to describe yourself on your seal.” Vide Vatican Transcripts in the British Museum, Additional MS. 15353, vol. v. f. 235. Cf. R. i. f. 93—96. The subject has been elaborated in two articles in The Genealogist for July and October, 1885, First Bishop of Bath and Wells.

^{page 305 note c} (1) During Henry's reign—from 1174 to 1189.

^{page 306 note a} The other bishops at the Lateran Council were Hugh bishop of Durham; John of Oxford, bishop of Norwich; Robert Ffolliott, bishop of Hereford.

^{page 306 note b} This document is quoted later. See Appendix D.

^{page 307 note a} “Vir multae scientiae et religionis,” A. S. 585.

^{page 307 note b} See Appendix B.

^{page 308 note a} Richard of Devizes, the chronicler of the “Gesta Ricardi,” 1189—92, a monk of St. Swithun's, paid a visit there to his late prior, to whom he dedicated his Chronicle, “to see how much nearer to Heaven was the Charterhouse at Witham than the Priory of St. Swithun.” He bears his witness to the greater severity of discipline there, not without a touch of sceptical sarcasm. “Robertus prior S. Swithini Wintoniae, prioratu relicto et professione postposita, apud Witham, dolore, (an dicam devotione ?) dejecit se in sectam Cartusiae. Walterus prior Bathoniae prius ibidem simili fervore vel furore praesumserat, sed semel extractus nihil minus videtur adhuc quam de reditu cogitare.” R. of Devizes, p. 26, § 30. See also the Prologue.

^{page 308 note b} Reg. Prior. Bath, ff. 315, 316.

^{page 308 note c} Henry's grant is recited in a confirmation to the prior and convent of Witham by Innocent IV. in 1246, in which the boundaries of the land are set out. Vatican Transcripts in the British Museum. Add. MS. 15355. vol. v. ff. 374—381.

^{page 309 note a} R. i. f. 24, lxix. f. 25, lxxv. Cf. Adam of Donierham, i. 235; ii. 351.

^{page 309 note b} The abbey had claimed exemption for the churches of the twelve hides from all local jurisdiction secular and spiritual, under a pretended charter of king Ine.

The exempt jurisdiction was now conceded, and the jurisdiction of the abbot over the churches made equal to a separate and exempt archdeaconry.

^{page 309 note c} Reginald's grant v. Adam of Dom. ii. 345.

^{page 309 note d} Adam of Dom. ii. 333.

^{page 310 note b} Adam of Dom. ii. 335, describes the work, but does not give the year of consecration, “Ecclesiam Sanctae Mariae in loco quo primitus vetusta steterat ex lapidibus quadris opere speciosissimo consummavit, nichil ornatus in ea praetermittens.” John of Glastonbury (i. 180) names the year thus indefinitely, “quam dedicavit Reginaldus, tune Bathoniae episcopus, anno Domini millesimo centesimo octogesimo circiter sexto die S. Barnabae.”

^{page 310 note b} Mr. Parker says, “more probably 1187.” S.A.P. vol. xxvi. 28.

^{page 310 note c} Adam of Dom. ii. 341.

^{page 310 note d} John of Glast. i. 255.

^{page 312 note a} See Appendix C.

^{page 313 note a} The family of bishop Jocelin can be traced in the documents of the time, e. g.

Certificate by bishop Rainaud, that Walter Pistor of Bath had sold land at Lanferley, to Edward de Wellis and to Hugh his heir for five marcs of silver.

The original grant made to Walter by the late bishop Robert had been burnt—the fee is surrendered at the Hundred Court.

Witnesses: Ralph of Lechlade, archdeacon of Bath; Richard, archdeacon of Coutances; Robert of Geldeford; Robert of St. Lo (de Sancto Laudo); Joceline, chaplain; John of St. Lo; Godfrid the Frenchman, and others. Bishop Reginald was keeping up his connection with his uncle's diocese of Coutances.— Chap. Doc. i. 9.

In Chap. Doc. i. 10. Inspeximus of grant by Ralph de Wilton of all his land in Wells to Edward de Wellis for 10 shillings annually, and a present of 50 shillings, and to Wimarc his wife a gold brooch, and 6 pence each to two of his sons. Witness to the original grant: Ralph of Lechlade; Alexander, subdean; Robert Fitzpane, sheriff of Sumerset. Witnesses to the Inspeximus: William of Welesley; Alexander, subdean; Jocelin, chaplain; Peter de Winton, Mathias de Winton, &c.

In other documents we find the names of Sarum dignitaries; e. g. R. i. f. 36.

Agreement between bishop Reginald and William son of Richard of Melbury (Mauleberg) about 7 acres near the wood of Wokiole, and a meadow of 5 acres near Poulesham is witnessed by representatives of the Wells and Salisbury chapters; bishop Joceline of Sarum; Walter, the precentor of Sarum; Thomas, archdeacon of Wells; Baldwin, chancellor of Sarum; Ralph of Lechlade; Robert of Geldeford; Jocelin, chaplain; Stephen of Tor, canon of Wells, and others.

In another document, Chap. Doc. i. 13, among the witnesses occur the names of Edward of Wells, Hugh son of Edward, Jocelin his brother, together with Alexander the dean, Thomas the subdean, William of Dinr (Dinder), William of Weleslia.

^{page 314 note a} Pref. to R. of Howden, ii. p. lvii.

^{page 314 note b} Epistolae Petri Blesensis, i. Ep. 62, 58, 149.

^{page 314 note c} R. de Diceto, i. Pref. Ixxix.

^{page 314 note d} Epist. Cantuar. cxxxv., p. 107. Ep. ccciv.

^{page 317 note a} Ratcliffe in Stnckey's map, on the Axe, which is navigable so far—Batley in Greenwood's map, in Compton; it is Ripley in Ordnance map.

^{page 317 note b} S. Decuman, i. f. 40, Carta Simonis Brito; i. f. 39, Carta Roberti fil. Ursi; i. f. 38, Confirmatio Reginaldi Episcopi, teste Alexandro Decano.

^{page 317 note c} Cleeve, R. iii. f. 382.

^{page 317 note d} Wynesford, R. i. f. 59; R. iii. f. 351.

^{page 318 note b} Deinde venit Ricardus dux Nonnanniae, et Hugo Dunelmensis Episcopus a dextris illius ibat et Reginaldus Batoniensis Episcopus a sinistris illius ibat, et umbraculum sericum portabatur inter illos. Et omnis turba comitum et baronum et militum et aliorum, tarn clericorum quam laicorum sequebatur usque in atrium ecclesiae et sic usque in ecclesiam ad altare. Benedict, ii. 81Google Scholar.

^{page 318 note b} It was a mark of honour to the see, and perhaps also in this case to the man. Brompton, writing at the close of the thirteenth century (f. 1158-9) says, “Atque istud privilegium etiam hodie praesules Dunelmenses et Bathonienses sibi vendicant.” Savaric, as bishop of Bath, took this same place at the coronation of John.

^{page 318 note c} VideHowden, vol. iii. 29, for a list of some of the state offices sold by the king at this time.

^{page 319 note a} E. of Devizes. De rebus gestis Bicardi, p. 9, § 10, ed. Stevenson. Bishop Stubbs and others assume that bishop Reginald is the person here so named; elsewhere, Richard of Devizes calls him by his ordinary title, Episcopus Bathoniensis.

At the same time Hugh, bishop of Durham, paid for the office of justiciar 1,000 marcs; for the earldom of Northumberland, 2,000; and 600 for the manor of Sedbergh. The king, “decem millia libras argenti de scriniis ejus diligenter extraxit.” R. of Devizes, p. 8, § 9.

^{page 320 note a} Vide Stubbs, Pref. to the Epistolae Cantuarlenses, p. liii. for the history of this controversy; and letters to and from Hugh, bishop of Lincoln, in the collection. Also Letters of Peter of Blois. Ep. cxxxv. ccclv. Vide Vita S. Hugonis, p. 134–5. At this same time two of the chapter of Wells werei Baldwin's agents at Rome, Peter of Blois, archdeacon of Bath, and William of St. Faith, precentor of Wells.

The letters illustrate Peter's character. V. Ep. cxxxv., his letter on Urban's death; ccclv., his change of sides, in disgust at not having been paid his expenses. So he writes about May, 1191, “perdidi operam et impensas—meisque peccatis exigentibus permisit me Dominus occasione illius archiepiscopi damnose deludi …” and he offers his services to the Convent.

^{page 321 note a} Gervase so says, “clam ambiens.” Bishop Stubbs, Pref. Ep. Cant, lxxxi, thinks “he was quietly laying his plans for the primacy.” See also ibid, lxxxix.

^{page 321 note b} Epp. Cant, ccclxxxi. ii.

^{page 321 note c} , Gervase, Opera Hist. i. 511. R. S.Google Scholar

^{page 322 note a} Ep. ccclxxxviii. “Mihi non videtur quod velit Deus quod vester sim archiepiscopus. Vester autem volo et desidero esse monachus. Valete, et gratia vestri incessanter, incessanter, oretis pro me.

^{page 322 note b} “Quam multum diligebat, magis ab ea dilectus.”

^{page 322 note c} R. of Devizes, p. 46, § 58.

Reginald rightly named, himself and his flock ruled well;

How? What he taught he did; there is no more to tell.

^{page 322 note d} William of Newbnry, III. c. xxvi.

^{page 323 note a} Somerset Archaeological Proceedings, vol. xii. part I. p. 17Google Scholar.

^{page 323 note b} Cathedral Church of Wells, p. 70.

^{page 324 note a} Angl. Sacra, i. 561Google Scholar.

^{page 324 note b} Stubbs, Episc. Succession.

^{page 325 note a} Anglia Sacra, p. 561.

^{page 325 note b} Godwin, Lat. ed. 1614.

^{page 325 note c} Godwin, Eng. ed. 1601.

^{page 325 note e} , Archer'sChronicon Wellense, f. 42.Google Scholar

^{page 326 note a} R. i. f. 25, i. f. 59. “Bertona est villa vel praedum frumentarium.” The “canon's barn” is now (1885) converted into the cathedral grammar school, by the liberality of canon Thomas Bernard, chancellor, 1868.

^{page 326 note b} R. i. f. 40, cxlix. “Carta de decimis molendinorum de Well.”; R. i. f. cxlviii. recited and confirmed by Savaric afterwards.

^{page 326 note c} “The vacant benefice reverted to the diocesan both in spirituals and temporals. He was the guardian of both, bound to provide for the spiritual care of the flock, and also for the revenues chargeable with that care.

“This custom or rather common law was one of the survivals of the earlier condition of the Church, when the endowments of a diocese were a diocesan fund, administered by the bishop and synod, and applied to the support of a diocesan corps of clergy.

“These fruits formed a regular part of episcopal revenue administered by a sequestrator-general, until the Act of Henry VIII. which, in order to secure payment of his first-fruits from the incoming incumbent, gave to the incumbent the fruits during vacancy—leaving to the bishop only the duty of husbanding those fruits by a sequestrator, and providing therefrom for the spiritual duties.”—Note by bishop Hobhouse.

Bishop Jocelin in 1216, after consultation with dean Leonius and the chapter, granted to the commune two-thirds of the revenues of vacant benefices, R. i. f. 59.

Bishop Roger in 1246 claimed all the vacant benefices; but the chapter appealed to the grant made to them by bishop Reginald, and the bishop withdrew his claim upon examination of the charters. The chapter then made a free gift to him of the two-thirds (saving to the archdeacon the third part) in consideration of the debts of the bishop and bishopric. But they gave this only for the bishop's life, and their act was not to bind future times. R. i. f. 64.

^{page 327 note a} “Universis Chrisli fidelibus ad quos praesens carta pervenerit, Reginaldus Dei gratia Bathon. Episcopus salutem in Domino et Dei benedictionem. Iis quibus est divina dispositione pastoralis officii cura commissa et ecclesiarum solicitudo injuncta snmmo opere providendum est lit domum Dei ea excolant diligentia quod dignitas Domini in donms squalore non possit devemistari. Hoc igitur zelo ducti de assensu et consilio archidiaconorum nostrae auctoritatis ad hoc duximus, munimen impendendum ut ad fabricam Wellensis Ecclesiae ad cujus regimen sumus domino disponente admissi, fructus et obventiones vacantium ecclesiarum in nostra diocesi existentium quamdiu vacaverint convertantur, et in usus operationis ex toto cedant donee per Dei miserantis auxilium consumetur.

Factum est hoc in capitulo Wellensi, praesente Ricardo de Spakeston, ejusdem ecclesiae Decano, Willelmo precentore, T. archidiacono et omnibus fere illius ecclesiae canonicis.”—Liber Ruber ii. f. 14.

^{page 327 note b} R. i. f. 38, cxxx.

^{page 327 note c} Ib. f. 61, ccxlii.

^{page 327 note d} North Barrow, the next parish to Lovinton. R. i. f. 38, cxxxi.—Cf. R. i. f. 61, ccxli.

^{page 327 note e} R. i. f. 38, cxxxi.

^{page 328 note a} R. i. f. 61, ccxliii.

^{page 329 note a} Carta Martini de Karscumbe. Noverit universitas vestra quod ego Martinus dedi deo et ecclesiae beat! Andreae in Wellia pro salute animae meae et animarum omnium antecessorum meorum, tres marcas argenti ad construotionem novi operis—et duas marcas ad emendationem capellae beatae Mariae ejusdem loci accipiendas de redditu de Maperton quern dominus meus H. de Novo Mercato mini in solutionem debiti mei assignavit et in carta nostra confirmavit.…

Ut haec donatio firma permaneat et inconcussa earn sigilli mei appositione roboravi. His testibus: Baldwino capellano, &c. Anno secundo post coronationem domini Regis apud Wintoniae. R. i. f. 41.

Henry Newmarch (de Novo Mercato) was lord of the barony of Cadbury in Somerset, 6 Dugdale, Richard I., Baron, p. 435.Google Scholar

^{page 329 note b} Devizes, Richard of, De rebus gestis Sicardi I. p. 5Google Scholar, § 3. “Ricardus films regis Henrici secundi, frater regis Henrici tertii.” “Henry, son of King Henry the Second, is frequently styled Henry the Third in the early chronicles and contemporaneous State Papers. He died in 1183.” Note by editor.

^{page 330 note a} R. i. f. 31, “De ordinatione prebendarum.”

^{page 333 note a} R. i. f. 50., iii. f. 53 in dors. Dugdale, Mon. ii. 291.

^{page 333 note b} R. i. f. 51, ii. f. 44, 45, iii. f. 8.

^{page 334 note a} There is a curious variation in the date of the day of consecration. The bishop himself fixes the date as “the day of St. Romanus,” and “in the month of November.”

Mathew Paris, iii. 638, R. S. names the day of St. Romanus as the day of consecration, but fixes the date as Aug. 9,— “quinto idus Augusti die scilicet S. Romani”—i.e. the day of St. Romanus, martyr. The day of St. Romanus, confessor and bishop, archbishop of Rouen, in the Sarum Calendar, is October 23. In the Calendar of the Leofric Missal of the latter part of the tenth century, November 18 is marked as the day of St. Romanus, “Passio Sancti Romani.”

The same day, Nov. 18, is marked in the calendar of the church of Milan as the day of St. Romanus, martyr, of Antioch. There is no mention of St. Romanus in the later Roman Calendar. Did Jocelin consecrate the church on Oct. 23, or Nov. 18? It is an interesting question whether the day of our dedication feast should be October 23, according to the Sarum use, or November 18, following the earlier Ambrosian and Lotharingian Calendars. Godwin assumes that Oct. 23, the day of St. Romanus, bishop and confessor, was the day of consecration—if so, Jocelin, when he wrote “mense Novembris” must have meant the 10th of the kalends of November, an inexact and unusual method of computation.

^{page 335 note a} Adam of Domerham, ii. p. 364, gives the date “VI. Kal. Julii,…… M^o.C.XC.VI.” Pontificatus vero Domini Caelestini papae tercii anno sexto.

^{page 336 note a} 15 John. May 24, 1213, Jocelin admitted to peace. Rymer, Foedera, i. Ill, 112.

^{page 336 note b} R. iii. f. 383.

^{page 337 note a} R. i. f. 21. Eustachia de Camville, who gives the charter, was wife of Gerard de Camville, 7 John—17 John, and survived him. Vide Dugdale, Baronage, i. p. 627Google Scholar.

^{page 337 note b} Cf. instances of assessment for the fabric in later history, in Prof. Willis's Lecture, Bonn. Arch. Proc. vol. xii. part i. p. 23Google Scholar.

The case of bishop Jocelin's levy of one-fifth is referred to as a precedent, in 1248. R. i. f.69.

^{page 337 note c} R. i. f. 43, in dors.

^{page 337 note d} Draft of bishop Hugh's will, R. iii. f. 248, in dors.

^{page 338 note a} R. iii. f. 363, in dors.

^{page 338 note b} Partially erased.

^{page 338 note c} In a later hand.

^{page 339 note a} R. i. f. 61.

^{page 339 note a} Vide R. iii. f. 245.

^{page 340 note a} Lecture reported in Somerset Archaeological Soc. Proceedings, vol. xii. part i. p. 18Google Scholar.

^{page 340 note b} Somerset Archaeological Soc. Proc. vol. xix. part ii. pp. 13Google Scholar, 14, 23.

^{page 340 note c} Cathedral Church of Wells, pp. 75, 76.

^{page 341 note a} Cath. Ch. of Wells, pp. 75, 76.

^{page 341 note b} Sorn. Arch. Proc. xii. part i. p. 16Google Scholar. Why it should be called the local or Somerset style, when “it is common to the neighbouring counties and S. Wales, and is like French work,” does not appear. The workmen may have come from Normandy and France, and have spread themselves over the opposite counties.

^{page 342 note a} Somerset Archaeol. Soc. Proc. vol. xii. part i. 17Google Scholar.

^{page 343 note a} V. Note, part iii. Wells Cathedral. Murray, 1861, attributed to Mr. Sharpe.

^{page 343 note b} Architectural History of Glastonbury Abbey, p. 44.

^{page 345 note a} Note on page 20.

^{page 345 note b} I Kings iii. 12.

^{page 348 note a} St. Exuperius, “a military saint, one of the companions of S. Maurice.”

^{page 348 note b} V. Ducange—

Buticlarius. idem quod pincerna—

buta = lagena, cupa.

butta = dolium, vas vinarium.

buticula, dim = bouteille—

buticularius Franciae—unus e quatuor majoribus palatii officialibus qui literas et diplomata regia subscribebant.

The document is on a small piece of parchment much worn and torn. The letters within brackets are wanting, and are supplied conjecturally.

^{page 349 note a} Cf. Stanley, Memorials of Canterbury. App. F. p. 280.

^{page 350 note a} Cf. R. iii. ff. 245, 246.

^{page 357 note a} Matt. Paris, ii. 203. Som. Arch. Proc. vol. xix. part i. 28Google Scholar.

^{page 357 note b} Bishop Reginald's Confirmatio, R. i. folio 24; R. iii. folio 10.

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XIX.—Reginald, bishop of Bath (1174-1191); his episcopate, and his share in the building of the church of Wells

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