VIII.—The Priory of St. Leonard of Stanley, Co. Gloucester, in the light of recent discoveries documentary and structural

C. Swynnerton

doi:10.1017/S0261340900008705

VIII.—The Priory of St. Leonard of Stanley, Co. Gloucester, in the light of recent discoveries documentary and structural

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 November 2011

C. Swynnerton

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Stanley, Co. Glos., is a village on the western slope of a spur of the Cotswolds one and a half miles north of Stonehouse. The village and parish are commonly called Leonard Stanley or Stanley St. Leonards to distinguish them from the next parish of King's Stanley as well as from the Wiltshire Stanley where there was also a conventual house. Occasionally it appears as Stanley Monachorum. But generally it was simply Stanley, and Stanley without qualification is the name which local lips often assign to it even at the present day.

Stanley St. Leonards can boast of two most interesting churches. The older church, now degraded to farm-yard purposes, was the ancient preconquest rectory church, but it is small, a chapel in fact, and therefore, following medieval usage, we shall distinguish it from the greater monastic and present parish church by naming it as the chapel of St. Leonard.

Type: Research Article
Information: Archaeologia , Volume 71 , 1921 , pp. 199 - 226

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900008705 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1921

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^{page 199 note 1} This is a very early instance of a territorial name becoming generic. Cf. the case of Robert de Stafford and Nigel de Stafford. Eyton's, Domesday Studies, Staffordshire, p. 51Google Scholar.

^{page 199 note 1} This charter is given in Archaeologia, vol. xxvi, 35⁸. Stapleton, however, misread the name Rossa, making it Rissa, and imagining her to have been possibly a Welsh princess. But clearly she was like the red red rose, and therefore Rossa, as shown by the following note from the librarian of the Archives departementales at Rouen: ‘Dans le texte appartenant au fond de l'Abbaye d'Auchy-les-Aumale il faut lire Rossa et non Rissa’.

^{page 200 note 1} Monasticon, v, 426.Google Scholar

^{page 200 note 2} Hist, et Cart. Glos. (Rolls Series), 1, 112.

^{page 200 note 3} Smyth's Lives of the Berkeleys, i, 26, and SirGoogle ScholarH. Barkly's, ‘Berkeleys of Dursley’, Bristol and Glouc. Arch. Soc. Trans., viii, and ix.Google Scholar The fable of Earl Godwin's gay young knight, who was probably a spy, may have some foundation in fact. The destruction of the monastery and the alienation of the abbey lands imply a commission and a full inquiry.

^{page 200 note 4} This was suggested by Sir H. Barkly, and I think with reason.

^{page 200 note 5} Pipe Roll, 31 Hen. I, p. 133.Google Scholar

^{page 200 note 6} B. and G. A. S. Trans., viii, 201.Google Scholar

^{page 200 note 7} Pipe Roll, 31 Hen. I, p. 133.Google Scholar

^{page 201 note 1} Pipe Roll, 31 Hen. I, p. 133.Google Scholar

^{page 201 note 2} Monasticon, v, 424.Google Scholar

^{page 201 note 3} Hist, et Cart. Glos., i, 224.Google Scholar

^{page 201 note 4} Gesta Stephani, Rolls Series, 82, iii, 121.Google Scholar

^{page 201 note 5} 5 Ibid.,ad carceris perferenda supplicia diutius.

^{page 201 note 6} Monasticon, iv, 42.Google Scholar

^{page 201 note 7} See a parallel case in Staffs. Coll., vi, pt. 1, 18, and in Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville, 214.

^{page 202 note 1} Sir William Kingston, whose family was of Painswick, Glos., had succeeded Sir Robert Pointz (sheriff of Glos. 1527, ob. 1533) as steward of the Earl of Arundel's manor of Stonehouse and King's Stanley, both of which adjoined that of Leonard Stanley. MS. records in possession of trustees of the estate.

^{page 202 note 2} Smyth's, Lives of the Berkeleys, i, 3.Google Scholar

^{page 202 note 3} An enemy of Stephen, who deprived him of Hazeldene. Monaslicon, v, 425.

^{page 202 note 4} Smyth's, Lives of the Berkeleys, i, 4.Google Scholar The double marriage contract there appears in full.

^{page 202 note 5} Taylor's, Domesday Survey, p. 175.Google Scholar

^{page 203 note 1} For examples of this practice see Round's, Feudal England, p. 116.Google Scholar Also Staffordshire Collections, A. D. 1913, pp. 222-3.

^{page 204 note 1} Charter Rolls, vol. ii, p. 112.Google Scholar

^{page 205 note 1} Eyton's Itinerary of Henry II,

^{page 205 note 2} Ibid,

^{page 205 note 3} Monasticon, iv, 470, andGoogle ScholarHist, et Cart. Glos., i, 226,Google Scholar

^{page 206 note 1} Roger de Berkeley's Confirmation in 1156 is mentioned by Rudder, p. 685.

^{page 206 note 2} Additional Charters, B.M., No. 19606.

^{page 206 note 3} Queen Adeliza seems to have made an attempt to re-establish a sisterhood of three nuns at Ozelworth. See Pipe Roll, 31 Hen. I, p. 133, where \x.s. are issued for the vestiture of three nuns, and, by brief of the queen, xiii.l in connexion with ÆEnselcwordia,

^{page 207 note 1} c. 1140, possibly during Roger's absence.

^{page 207 note 2} Fosbroke's, History of Berkeley, 50.Google Scholar

^{page 207 note 3} Monasticon, iv, 42.

^{page 207 note 4} Ibid., vi, 365.

^{page 207 note 5} Valor Ecclesiasticus, ii, 419.

^{page 208 note 1} Liber Rubeus, i, 298.

^{page 209 note 1} Vol. i, 106.

^{page 209 note 2} Smyth's, Lives of the Berkeleys, iii, p. 179.Google Scholar Leonard Stanley does not appear to have received the whole of the tithes in later days, but only portions of them. The list should be compared with the list of the Berkeley manors given in Domesday.

^{page 209 note 3} These charters have never been published.

^{page 210 note 1} A John Cokkes of Stanley was ordained priest at Hereford in 1351. Doubtless of the same family as Henry Cocus. Registrunt of Jno. de Trillek.

^{page 210 note 2} Gloucester Cathedral Charters, vol. v, f. 1, 2⁰. 2. I am indebted to Dr. Gee, F.S.A., Dean, for a copy of this charter. The Rev. Canon W. Bazeley first introduced it to me.

^{page 210 note 3} Between Stanley and Gloucester.

^{page 210 note 4} Papal Letters1, vol. iv, p. 47².Google Scholar

^{page 212 note 1} Glos. Cathedral: Branch and Newton MSS., Deed 43.

^{page 212 note 2} Queen Elizabeth, when lady of the manor, seems to have claimed this rent. P. R. O. Augmentation Office Leases, Roll 2, Lease 11.

^{page 213 note 1} Deeds penes Trustees of the Estate.

^{page 213 note 2} State Papers, Hen. VIII, P. R. O.

^{page 213 note 3} Deeds in possession of Trustees of the Estate.

^{page 213 note 4} Ibid.

^{page 213 note 5} P. C. C ₄₀ Mellershe.

^{page 213 note 6} B. and G. Trans., xix, 304-5 n.

^{page 214 note 1} Probate Office, Gloucester.

^{page 214 note 2} Inquisitions Miscell., no. 1545, vol. i, p. 436, P. R. O.

^{page 215 note 1} V. C. H. Somerset, ii, 34.

^{page 215 note 2} In 15 Edw. I, 1286, Henry de Berkeley (of Dursley) was seized of manor and advowson of the church (Kirby's Quest). In the Inq. nonarum, temp. Ed. Ill, the rector is assessed quite apart from the priory.

^{page 215 note 3} Edward II granted Stanley two fairs, one on St. Leonard's Day (6th November), the other on the Saturday after St. Swithun. The former fell into desuetude, the duration of the latter increased. Rudder's 'Glos., p. 685.

I add two more examples showing that dedicatory and patronal festivals did not always 3301-chronize.

^{page 215 note 1} Relaxation of enjoined penance, etc., to those visiting, etc., Holy Cross Church, Woubourne, on the anniversaries of its Dedication, and on the Feasts of the B.V.M. and of Holy Cross (A. D. 129⁸). Papal Letters.

^{page 216 note 2} Relaxation, etc., visiting, etc., All Saints Church, Wolcote (Norwich), on the Feasts of All Saints, etc., and on the Anniversary of the Dedication of the Church (A. D. 12₉1). Papal Letters.

^{page 216 note 1} The bells were ancient. Two of them survived till quite recently. Those existing at the time of his visit Professor Middleton fully described. Since then they have been melted down, and have given place to a ring of six. See Middleton's paper in the Transactions of the B. and G. Archaeological Soc, v, 119.

^{page 216 note 2} Both the deeds above referred to are in the possession of Miss Denison Jones, Lady of the Manor, and owner of the priory lands.

^{page 217 note 1} Archaeological Journal, vi, 40.

^{page 217 note 2} B, and G. A. Trans., v, 119.

^{page 219 note 1} The soffits of the eastern tower-arch show a succession of Castles of Castile in black—a badge of Edward II.

^{page 220 note 1} Close Rolls, 1287, p. 45⁶, P.R.O.

^{page 220 note 2} Cf. Cutts, Sepulchral Slabs and Crosses, pl. V, 1.

^{page 224 note 1} It was still the ‘parish church’ in 1434 when the prior of Worcester came in the course of his visitation, and ‘dined and spent the night with the Prior there’. Registrum Sede Vacante, Worcester, P. 399.

^{page 225 note 1} Rudder's, Gloucestershire (1779), p. 686^b.Google Scholar

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VIII.—The Priory of St. Leonard of Stanley, Co. Gloucester, in the light of recent discoveries documentary and structural

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