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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 June 2012
Among the objects acquired by the British Museum, in the year 1836, from the magnificent collection of the late Mr. Salt, were parts of some tombs, taken from the vast cemetery in the immediate vicinity of the Pyramids at Gizeh. Portions of these comprise two false doors, apparently from the same tomb, each being nearly a fac-simile of the other; and they contain the name and titles of the functionary for whom the tomb was excavated or erected, with the prenomen of the monarch during whose reign the individual lived, and other indications, such as style and composition of the hieroglyphical texts, of having been executed soon after the period when the Pyramids were erected. The replacing together of the separate pieces, as they at present exist among the other monuments of the national collection, has been executed from drawings made by Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson, who saw them in their original state, previous to their removal by Mr. Salt; and the interest which attaches to every attempt of collating the royal names found in this vicinity with the lists of the Greek authors, entitles them to the most profound attention of the archæologist.
page 111 note a Cf. Sale Catalogue, Lot 1268.
page 112 note b The accompanying plan and drawing of their appearance, (Plate XIII. ) as seen in the tomb, which was a sunk one, with the shafts or wells over which the false doors stood, I owe to the kindness of Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson, who has allowed me to add them to the present paper.
page 112 note c Black and red—the hieroglyphics were coloured black.
page 113 note d It is to be observed that the reigns of Cheops, Chephren, and Mycerinus cover the space of a century and a half. Also compare steles D'Anastasi, Nos. 10, 11, for the striking difference remarkable even in one reign.
page 114 note e Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson has identified the hieglyg or persea as the trees of Athor— the hieroglyphical inscriptions read 
which Champollion, Gr. Eg. p. 88, makes sycamore.
page 114 note f This indicates the dedication of the temple to this goddess. Athor (Venus) is a companion or wife of Phtah or Vulcan in the scenes.
page 115 note g Monumenti Storici. 8vo. Pis. 1832. Tom. i. tav. i. no. 1.
page 115 note h Materia Hieroglyphica, 4to. Malt. 1828. Pl. of unplaced Kings.
page 115 note i Monumens Egyptiens, portants de legendes royaux, &c. 8vo. Leide, 1838, p. 20.
page 115 note j Hieroglyphics on the coffin of Mycerinus, found in the third Pyramid at Gisseh. Folio, 1838.
page 115 note k Eclairciss. sur le Cercueil de Roi Mycerinus, 4to. Par. 1839, p. 40.
page 115 note l Herod, ii. 127, 128. Diod. Sic. lib. 1. sec. 64.
page 115 note m Cf. Champoll. Gr. Eg. p. 44 n. 195, &c. Salvol. An. Gram. Alph. It occurs in 
the gullet, and 
a cat. Cf. Champ. 1. c. p. 371, rarely, however, as 
in 
to clothe. Papyrus, British Museum.
page 116 note m Leemans, 1. c. p. 16.
page 116 note n Burton (J.) Excerpt. Hieroglyph. Pl. xxvii. 18.
page 116 note o As 
Great mother, &c. Monuments, passim.
page 116 note p Champ. Gr. Eg. p. 154.
page 116 note q Inscr. foot of a statue at the Louvre.
page 116 note r Stele, in possession of Lord Prudhoe.
page 116 note s Burt. Ex. Hier. 1. c.
page 117 note t Phtah is frequently called “the southern rampart” (fig. a.), in reference to his eponymous character, as the deity of Memphis.
page 117 note u British Mus. Eg. Gal. no. 83*.
page 117 note x Letronne, Rech. p. 328, conceives it Persian: but even the expressions—eyes of the King—ears of the King—are traceable on the monuments. Cf. Xenophon. Stele, Br. Mus.no. 147. My Sketch of a Hieroglyphical Dictionary, 4to. Lond. 1838. no. 16.
page 117 note y Eg. Gal. Br. Mus. no. 162.
page 118 note z Coffin, Eg. Room, B.M. Case D.
page 118 note a Champ. Gr. Eg. p. 114, who regards the two horns as 
in 
while Salvolini proves them to be an 
[An. Gr. Pl. D. 109.]
page 118 note b Mon. Stor. tom. iii. tav. i. p. 46.
page 118 note c Peyron (Amad.), Lex. Ling. Copt. 4to. Taur. 1835, p. 311.
page 119 note d Cf. Statue,. B. M.no. 27. Ch. Gr. Eg. p. 68.
page 119 note e M. Salvolini, Gr. Rais supposed it to be 
mistaking an owl for an eagle on a sarcophagus at Leyden (Anal. Gram. Pl. E, n. 166–7). Dr. Leemans, Mon. Eg. fol. 1839, gives it as the homophone of the symbol before mentioned.
page 119 note f Egypt. Room, Case U 3.
page 119 note g Saloon, no. 33.
page 119 note h Stele, Anast. no. 23.
page 119 note i Rosell. Mon. Stor. tom. ii. p. (fig. h.) which compare with (fig. 8.) Rosetta stone— “all genuflection.”
page 119 note k “Hæc vero turba, muliebriter propemodum culta, lusu magis quam decoris arm is conspicua erat, doryphori vocabantur.” Quintus Curtius, 12mo. Amster. 1671. p. 20.
page 120 note l Tattam (H.) Lex. Ægypt. Lat. 8vo. Oxford, 1835, p. 306.
page 120 note m Stele, An. Coll. 14.
page 120 note n Stele, An. Coll. No. 14.
page 120 note o Peyron, Lex. Ling. Coptic, vocibus.
page 120 note p Stele, An. Coll. B. M. No. 12.
page 120 note q Peyron, Lex. L. C. voce.
page 120 note r Stele, An. 12.
page 120 note s Cf. Coffin. Hapimen. No. 29.
page 120 note t Stele, An. 17.
page 120 note u Statue, B. M. Eg. Gal. 51.
page 121 note x Stele, An. Coll. B. M. No. 8.
page 121 note y Ib. No. 25.
page 121 note z Stele, An. Coll. No. 22.
page 121 note a 
not 
or 
expresses the “ad” towards, &c.
page 121 note b Onkhapé, Case xx. B. M.
page 121 note c Egypt. R. Coffin of Irioui roou. Case cc. 2.
page 121 note d Mon. Civ. i. p. 35. a kind of Priest.
page 121 note e An. Gram. Rais. p. 91.
page 121 note f Last Part. Cf. also Ch. Gr. Eg.
page 121 note g Pl. tom. v. pl. 72, et seq.
page 122 note h Although females assisted in the worship of the gods, it does not appear that they ever distinctly performed the office of priestess. They certainly do not bear the same titles. It is equally repugnant to the tenor of the inscriptions to suppose Neith or Athor mythic priestesses.
page 122 note i Lepsius (Dr. R.), Lettre à M. Rosellini sur l'Alphabet hieroglyphique, 8vo. Rome, 1837, has clearly laid down this rule, p. 40.
page 122 note k Peyr. and Tattam, vocibus.
page 122 note l In combinations, fig. d. e. f. g. h. Mon. passim.
page 122 note m Rosellini, Mon. Stor. Atlas, tav. MR. N°. CLV.
page 122 note n Idem. Ibid.
page 122 note o Coffin of Hapimen, Descr. de l'Eg. tom. v. Pl. 24. B. M. Eg. Gal. No. 33.
page 123 note p Probably tbe tomb of this identical person.
page 123 note q Græco-Egyptian Coffin, B. M. Eg. Room, JJ. since BBB. This had not escaped Horapollo, lib. i. viii. διὸ καὶ πᾶσαν θήλειαν τῷ ἀνδρὶ πειθομένην Αἰγύπτιοι Ἀϕροδίτην καλοῦσι.
page 123 note r Young (Thom.), Hieroglyphica. Pl xxv.
page 123 note s The star is determinative of time. Champ. Gr. Eg. p. 96.
page 124 note t B. M. Eg. Gal. No. 162.
page 124 note u Ibidem, Vestibule.
page 124 note z Stele Anastasi, No. 8.
page 124 note y Burt. Excerp. Hier. Pl. Fig. i. in a previous inscription is the contracted form of k. week. Salvolini, An. Gr. p.
page 124 note z Champ. Gr. Eg. p. 167.
page 124 note a Mon. passim.
page 124 note b Gr. Eg. p. 78.
page 125 note c Peyr. Lex. L. Copt. p. 233.
page 125 note d Idem, Ibid.
page 125 note e Horapollo, 11. sec. 20, ἵππος ποτάμιος γραϕόμενος ὥραν δηλốι.
page 125 note f Champ. G. E. p. 83.
page 125 note g Ch. G. E. passim, prefixes the affixed article T. if it is pronounced. I prefer the affixed, as proposed by Lepsius, Lettre à M. Rosellini, p. 63, n. 67.
page 125 note h Present specimen. Rit. Cad.
page 125 note k Side of a box, B. M.
page 125 note l Sarc. B. M. 3.
page 125 note m Stele Anast. Coll. B. M. 59. analogous to 
“the heart.”
No opinion has been offered with regard to the period of Cheops or Chephren, because at present we have no monumental evidence to connect his line with the sixteenth or seventeenth dynasty. In the lists of Manetho he appears in the fourth Memphite dynasty; while the chronology of Rosellini brings up Osortasen I. to 2081 A.C. leaving only 266 years between him and the deluge; but the three great Pyramid builders reigned above one hundred and fifty years. M. Lenormant would assign a date of above 4000 B.C.? while the commonly received date is 2123 A.C. Reiske, Herod, lib. 11. sec. 124. makes it 1182–1132 A.C. for the reign of Cheops, and for Chephren 1132–1076.