Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T19:29:23.887Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Phonological and morphological awareness in first graders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Joanne F. Carlisle*
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
Diana M. Nomanbhoy*
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
*
Joanne F. Carlisle, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2299 Sheridan, Evanston, IL60208-3560
Joanne F. Carlisle, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2299 Sheridan, Evanston, IL60208-3560

Abstract

Phonological awareness is thought to be related to children's success in learning to read because it indicates an awareness of the internal structure of words. Morphological awareness, which has been found to be related to reading achievement for older students, may offer a more comprehensive measure of linguistic sensitivity because it entails not only phonological awareness, but also other aspects of linguistic knowledge. The research study reported herein was designed to investigate the extent to which phonological awareness contributes to the morphological awareness of first graders and to determine the extent to which phonological and morphological awareness account for variance in word reading. Two tasks of morphological awareness were used, one assessing judgments of morphological relations and the other assessing the production of inflected and derived forms.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, R. C., & Freebody, P. (1985). Vocabulary knowledge. In Singer, H. & Ruddell, R. B. (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (3rd ed., pp. 343371). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.Google Scholar
Anshen, F., & Aronoff, M. (1981). Morphological productivity and phonological transparency. Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 26, 6372.Google Scholar
Barganz, R. A. (1971). The morphophonemic performance of good and poor readers (Technical Report No. 182). Madison, WI: Research and Development Center for Cognitive Learning.Google Scholar
Berko, J. (1958). The child's learning of English morphology. Word, 14, 150177.Google Scholar
Blachman, B. A. (1983). Are we assessing the linguistic factors critical in early reading? Annals of Dyslexia, 33, 91110.Google Scholar
Bowerman, M. (1982). Reorganizational processes in lexical and syntactic development. In Wanner, E. & Gleitman, L. (Eds.), Language acquisition: The state of the art (pp. 319346). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Carlisle, J. F. (1987). The use of morphological knowledge in spelling derived forms by learning-disabled and normal students. Annals of Dyslexia, 37, 90108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlisle, J. F. (1988). Knowledge of derivational morphology and spelling ability in fourth, sixth, and eighth graders. Applied Psycholinguistics, 9, 247266.Google Scholar
Carroll, J. B., Davies, P., & Richman, B. (1971). Word frequency book. New York: American Heritage.Google Scholar
Chall, J. (1979). A modest proposal for reading stages. In Resnick, L. B. & Weaver, P. A. (Eds.), Theory and practice of early reading (pp. 2955). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Chomsky, C. (1970). Reading, writing, and phonology. Harvard Educational Review, 40, 287309.Google Scholar
Clark, E. V. (1982). The young word maker: A case study of innovation in the child's lexicon. In Wanner, E. & Gleitman, L. (Eds.), Language acquisition: The state of the art (pp. 390425). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Curtis, M. E. (1980). Development of components of reading skill. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72 (5), 656669.Google Scholar
Cutler, M. E. (1981). Degrees of transparency in word formation. Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 26 (1), 7377.Google Scholar
Derwing, B. L., & Baker, W. J. (1979). Recent research on the acquisition of English morphology. In Fletcher, P. & Garman, M. (Eds.), Language acquisition (pp. 209223). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Elbro, C. (1990). Differences in dyslexia. Copenhagen: Munksgaard International Publishers.Google Scholar
Fischer, F. W., Shankweiler, D., & Liberman, I. Y. (1985). Spelling proficiency and sensitivity to word structure. Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 423441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, B., & Routh, D. K. (1984). Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word attack skills: Revisited. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 10591064.Google Scholar
Fowler, A. E. (1988). Grammaticality judgments and reading skill in grade 2. Annals of Dyslexia, 38, 7394.Google Scholar
Hammill, D., & Newcomer, P. (1982). Test of Language Development, Primary. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.Google Scholar
Harris, A. J., & Sipay, E. R. (1985). How to increase reading ability: A guide to developmental and remedial methods (8th ed.). New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Henderson, L. (1985). Toward a psychology of morphemes. In Ellis, A. W. (Ed.), Progress in the psychology oflanguage (Vol. 1, pp. 1572). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Ingram, D. (1976). Phonological disability in children. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Jones, N. K. (1991). Development of morphophonemic segments in children's mental representations of words. Applied Psycholinguistics, 12, 217239.Google Scholar
Leong, C. K. (1989). Productive knowledge of derivational rules in poor readers. Annals of Dyslexia, 39, 94115.Google Scholar
Macken, M. A., & Ferguson, C. A. (1983). Cognitive aspects of phonological development: Model, evidence, and issues. In Nelson, K. E. (Ed.), Children's language (Vol. 4, pp. 256282). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
MacWhinney, B. (1978). The acquisition of morphophonology. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 43 (12, Serial No. 174).Google Scholar
Mann, V. A., & Liberman, I. Y. (1984). Phonological awareness and verbal short-term memory: Can they presage early reading success? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 17, 592598.Google Scholar
Meisels, S. J., & Wiske, M. S. (1988). Early Screening Inventory. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Menyuk, P. (1984). Language development and reading. In Flood, J. (Ed.), Understanding reading comprehension: Cognition, language, and the structure of prose (pp. 101121). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.Google Scholar
Morais, J. (1991). Constraints on the development of phonemic awareness. In Brady, S. A. & Shankweiler, D. P. (Eds.), Phonological processes in literacy: A tribute to Isabelle Y. Liberman (pp. 527). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Moskowitz, B. (1973). On the status of vowel shift in English In Moore, J. (Ed.), Cognitive development and the acquisition of language (pp. 223260). New York: Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagy, W. E., & Anderson, R. C. (1984). How many words are there in printed school English? Reading Research Quarterly, 19 (3), 304329.Google Scholar
Randall, J. H. (1985). Morphological structure and language acquisition. New York: Garland Publishing.Google Scholar
Rosner, J. (1975). Helping children overcome learning difficulties. New York: Walker & Co.Google Scholar
Selby, S. (1972). The development of morphological rules in children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 42, 293299.Google Scholar
Shaywitz, B. A., Shaywitz, S. E., Liberman, I. Y., Fletcher, J. M., Shankweiler, D. P., Duncan, J. S., Katz, L., Liberman, A. M., Francis, D. J., Dreyer, L. G., Crain, S., Brady, S., Fowler, A., Kier, L., Rosenfield, N. S., Fore, J. C., & Makuch, R. W. (1991). Neurolinguistic and biologic mechanisms in dyslexia. In Duane, D. D. & Gray, D. B. (Eds.), The reading brain: The biologic basis of dyslexia (pp. 2752). Parkton, MD: York Press.Google Scholar
Sterling, C. M. (1983). Spelling errors in context. British Journal of Psychology, 74, 353364.Google Scholar
Templeton, S., & Scarborough-Franks, L. (1985). The spelling's the thing: Knowledge of derivational morphology in orthography and phonology among older students. Applied Psycholinguistics, 6, 371390.Google Scholar
Tunmer, W. E., Herriman, M. L., & Nesdale, A. K. (1988). Metalinguistic abilities and beginning to read. Reading Research Quarterly, 23 (2), 134158.Google Scholar
Tyler, A. E. (1987). Acquisition and use of English derivational morphology: An experimental investigation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Wagner, R. K., & Torgesen, J. K. (1987). The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skill. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 192212.Google Scholar
Yopp, H. K. (1988). The validity and reliability of phonemic awareness tasks. Reading Re-search Quarterly, 23 (2), 159177.Google Scholar