Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T15:05:05.429Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Is overt repetition critical to expressive word learning? The role of overt repetition in word learning with and without semantics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 October 2008

BRANDON ABBS
Affiliation:
University of Iowa
PRAHLAD GUPTA*
Affiliation:
University of Iowa
NAVEEN KHETARPAL
Affiliation:
University of Iowa
*
ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE Prahlad Gupta, Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Five experiments examined whether overt repetition (i.e., saying a word aloud) during exposure is critical to the expressive learning of new words. When participants did not engage in overt repetition during exposure, they nevertheless exhibited clear expressive learning, both with and without an accompanying semantics, indicating that overt repetition is not critical to expressive word learning. In addition, learning without overt repetition did not differ from learning with overt repetition, suggesting that overt repetition confers no benefit for learning in this situation. These results are discussed in relation to previous studies, and it is suggested that benefits of repetition may accrue primarily in second language rather than in first language word learning.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Atkinson, R. C. (1975). Optimizing the learning of a second-language vocabulary. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 96, 124129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In Bower, G. H. (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Baddeley, A. D., & Wilson, B. (1985). Phonological coding and short-term memory in patients without speech. Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 240502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. (2005). Computational models of working memory: Putting long-term memory into context. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 535541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carey, S. (1978). The child as word learner. In Bresnan, J., Miller, G., & Halle, M. (Eds.), Linguistic theory and psychological reality (pp. 264293). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. D., MacWhinney, B., Flatt, M., & Provost, J. (1993). Psyscope: A new graphic interactive environment for designing psychology experiments. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 25, 257271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conover, W. J., & Iman, R. L. (1981). Rank transformation as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. The American Statistician, 35, 124129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cumming, N., Page, M., & Norris, D. (2003). Testing a positional model of the Hebb effect. Memory, 11, 4363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cunningham, T. F., Healy, A. F., & Williams, D. M. (1984). Effects of repetition on short-term retention of order information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10, 575597.Google ScholarPubMed
Desrochers, A., & Begg, I. (1987). A theoretical account of encoding and retrieval processes in the use of imagery-based mnemonic techniques: The special case of the keyword method. In McDaniel, M. A. & Pressley, M. (Eds.), Imagery and related mnemonic processes. New York: Springer–Verlag.Google Scholar
Dunn, L., & Dunn, L. (1997). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test III. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.Google Scholar
Duyck, W., Szmalec, A., Kemps, E., & Vandierendonck, A. (2003). Verbal working memory is involved in associative word learning unless visual codes are available. Journal of Memory and Language, 48, 527541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, N. C., & Beaton, A. (1993). Factors affecting the learning of foreign language vocabulary: Imagery keyword mediators and phonological short-term memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46A, 553558.Google Scholar
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (in press). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers.Google Scholar
Gerard, P. D., Smith, D. R., & Weerakkody, G. (1998). Limits of retrospective power analysis. Journal of Wildlife Management, 62, 801807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gigerenzer, G., Krauss, S., & Vitouch, O. (2004). The null ritual: What you always wanted to know about significance testing but were afraid to ask. In Kaplan, D. (Ed.), The Sage handbook of quantitative methodology for the social sciences (pp. 391408). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Gu, Y., & Johnson, R. K. (1996). Vocabulary learning strategies and language learning outcomes. Language Learning, 46, 643679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, P. (2005). What's in a word? A functional analysis of word learning. Perspectives on Language Learning and Education, 12, 48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, P., & Cohen, N. J. (2002). Theoretical and computational analysis of skill learning, repetition priming, and procedural memory. Psychological Review, 109, 401448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, P., & Dell, G. S. (1999). The emergence of language from serial order and procedural memory. In MacWhinney, B. (Ed.), Emergence of language. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Gupta, P., Lipinksi, J., Abbs, B., & Lin, P.-H. (2005). Serial position effects in nonword repetition. Journal of Memory and Language, 53, 141162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, P., Lipinski, J., Abbs, B., Lin, P.-H., Aktunc, M. E., Ludden, D., et al. . (2004). Space aliens and nonwords: Stimuli for investigating the learning of novel word-meaning pairs. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36, 599603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, P., & MacWhinney, B. (1995). Is the articulatory loop articulatory or auditory? Re-examining the effects of concurrent articulation on immediate serial recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 34, 6388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoenig, J. N., & Heisey, D. M. (2001). The abuse of power: The pervasive fallacy of power calculations for data analysis. The American Statistician, 55, 1924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horst, J. S., & Samuelson, L. K (in press). Fast mapping but poor retention by 24-month-old infants. Infancy.Google Scholar
Klatt, D. (1987). Review of text-to-speech conversion in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 82, 737793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kromrey, J., & Hogarty, K. Y. (2000). Problems with probabilistic hindsight: A comparison of methods for retrospective statistical power analysis. Multiple Linear Regression Viewpoints, 26, 714.Google Scholar
Kuhl, P. K. (2000). A new view of language acquisition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, 1185011857.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuhl, P. K., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1982). The bimodal perception of speech in infancy. Science, 218, 11381141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuhl, P. K., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1988). Speech is an intermodal object of perception. In Yonas, A. (Ed.), Perceptual development in infancy: Minnesota symposia on child psychology (pp. 235260). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Lenth, R. V. (2001). Some practical guidelines for effective sample size determination. The American Statistician, 55, 187193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papagno, C., Valentine, T., & Baddeley, A. (1991). Phonological short-term memory and foreign-language vocabulary learning. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 331347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royer, J. M. (1973). Memory effects for test-like-events during acquisition of foreign language vocabulary. Psychological Reports, 32, 195198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, R. A., & Bjork, R. A. (1992). New conceputalization of practice: Common principles in three paradigms suggest new concepts for training. Psychological Science, 3, 207217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seibert, L. C. (1927). An experiment in learning French vocabulary. Journal of Educational Psychology, 18, 294309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steidl, R. J., Hayes, J. P., & Schauber, E. (1997). Statistical power analysis in wildlife research. Journal of Wildlife Management, 61, 270279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1986). Sources of variability in early speech development. In Perkell, J. S., & Klatt, D. H. (Eds.), Invariance and variability in speech processes (pp. 5884). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Zumbo, B. D., & Hubley, A. M. (1998). A note on misconceptions concerning prospective and retrospective power. The Statistician, 47, 385388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar