Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T08:23:14.606Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Wroxeter and the end of Roman Britain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Alan Lane*
Affiliation:
*Department of Archaeology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3EU, UK
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

When and how did urban life in Roman Britain end? The excavations conducted by Philip Barker at Wroxeter from 1966–1990 produced evidence suggesting a post-Roman phase of urban activity that continued into the sixth or seventh century AD, up to 200 years beyond the traditionally accepted chronology. Careful re-examination of the evidence, however, throws doubt on these claims. More recent work on Late Roman Britain coupled with new discoveries in Wales and the west challenges the evidence for the post-Roman survival of Wroxeter as an urban centre and suggests that it may have been largely abandoned, along with other Roman towns, in the late fourth or early fifth century AD.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2014 

References

Abdy, R. & Williams, G.. 2006. A catalogue of hoards and single finds from the British Isles, c. AD 410-675, in Cook, B. & Williams, G. (ed.) Coinage and history in the North Sea world, c. AD 500-1200: essays in honour of Marion Archibald: 1173. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Alcock, L. 1963. Dinas Powys. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
Armour-Chelu, M. 1997. Appendix 8: faunal remains, in Barker, P., White, R., Pretty, K., Bird, H. & Corbishley, M., The Baths Basilica Wroxeter: excavations 1966-90: 350–64. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Arnold, C.J. &Huggett., J.W. 2000. New Pieces, Criggion, Powys. Interim report on the archaeological investigations 2000. Glasgow: Glasgow University.Google Scholar
Astill, G. 2000. General survey 600-1300, in Palliser, D. M. (ed.) The Cambridge urban history of Britain. Volume 1: 600-1540: 2749. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barker, P. 1975. Excavations on the site of the Baths Basilica at Wroxeter 1966-1974: an interim report. Britannia 6: 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525992 Google Scholar
Barker, P. 1977. Techniques of archaeological excavation. London: Batsford.Google Scholar
Barker, P. 1986. Understanding archaeological excavation. London: Batsford.Google Scholar
Barker, P., White, R., Pretty, K., Bird, H. & Corbishley, M.. 1997. The Baths Basilica Wroxeter: excavations 1966-90. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Biddle, M. 1976. Towns, in Wilson, D. M. (ed.) The archaeology of Anglo-Saxon England: 99150. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Campbell, E. 2007. Continental and Mediterranean imports to Atlantic Britain and Ireland, AD 400-800 (CBA Research Reports 157). York: Council for British Archaeology.Google Scholar
Carver, M. 1987. Underneath English towns, interpreting English towns. London: Batsford.Google Scholar
Collis, J. 2011. The urban revolution: Martin Biddle’s excavations in Winchester, 1961-1971, in Schofield, J. (ed.) Great excavations: shaping the archaeological profession: 7486. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Cool, H.E.M. 2006. Eating and drinking in Roman Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dark, K.R. 1994. Civitas to kingdom: British political continuity, 300-800. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Dark, K.R. 2000. Britain and the end of the Roman Empire. Stroud: Tempus.Google Scholar
Davies, W. 1982. Wales in the early Middle Ages. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Edwards, N. & Lane, A. (ed.). 1988. Early medieval settlements in Wales: a critical reassessment and gazetteer of the archaeological evidence for secular settlements in Wales. Bangor: Research CentreWales, University College of North Wales; Cardiff: Department of Archaeology, University College Cardiff.Google Scholar
Esmonde Cleary, A. S. 2013. The Roman West AD 200-500: an archaeological study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Everill, P. & White, R.. 2011. Philip Barker’s Wroxeter, in Schofield, J. (ed.) Great excavations: shaping the archaeological profession: 167–80. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Faulkner, N. 2000. The decline and fall of Roman Britain. Stroud: Tempus.Google Scholar
Faulkner, N. & Reece, R.. 2002. The debate about the end: a review of evidence and methods. The Archaeological Journal 159: 5976.Google Scholar
Frere, S.S. 1967. Britannia: a history of Roman Britain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Fulford, M. 2002. Wroxeter: legionary fortress, baths, and the ‘great rebuilding’ of c. AD 450-550. Journal of Roman Archaeology 15: 639–45.Google Scholar
Fulford, M., Clarke, A. & Eckardt, H.. 2006. Life and labour in Late Roman Silchester: excavations in insula IX since 1997. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies.Google Scholar
Graham-Campbell, J. 1991. Dinas Powys metalwork and the dating of enamelled zoomorphic penannular brooches. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 38: 220–32.Google Scholar
Halsall, G. 2007. Barbarian migrations and the Roman west 376-568. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hammon, A. 2011. Understanding the Romano-British–early medieval transition: a zooarchaeological perspective from Wroxeter (Viroconium Cornoviorum). Britannia 42: 275305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X11000055 Google Scholar
Hitchcock, F. (ed.). 2006. Treasure Annual Report 2004. London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.Google Scholar
Lane, A. 2007. The end of Roman Britain and the coming of the Saxons: an archaeological context for ‘Arthur’?, in Fulton, H. (ed.) A companion to Arthurian literature: 1529. Maldon (MA) & Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Loseby, S.T. 2000. Power and towns in Late Roman Britain and early Anglo-Saxon England, in Ripoll, G. & Gurt, J. M. (ed.) Sedes Regiae (ann. 400-800): 319–70. Barcelona: Reial Acadèmia de Bones Lletres.Google Scholar
Mattingly, D. 2006. An imperial possession: Britain in the Roman Empire, 54 BC–AD 409. London: Allen Lane & Penguin.Google Scholar
Palliser, D.M. 2000. The origins of British towns, in Palliser, D. M. (ed.) The Cambridge urban history of Britain. Volume 1: 600-1540: 1724. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pretty, K.B. 1989. Defining the Magonsaete, in Bassett, S. (ed.) The origins of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: 170–83. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Redknap, M. & Lewis, J.. 2007. A corpus of early medieval inscribed stones and stone sculpture in Wales. Volume 1: south-east Wales and the English border. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
Rogers, A. 2010. Late Roman towns as meaningful places: re-conceptualising decline in the towns of Late Roman Britain, in Sami, D. & Speed, G. (ed.) Debating urbanism within and beyond the walls A. D. 300-700: 5781. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Roskams, S. 2001. Excavation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sims-Williams, P. 2002. The five languages of Wales in the pre-Norman period. Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 44: 136.Google Scholar
Speed, G. 2010. Mind the (archaeological) gap: tracing life in early post-Roman towns, in Sami, D. & Speed, G. (ed.) Debating urbanism: within and beyond the walls A. D. 300-700: 83109. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Wacher, J. 1995. Towns of Roman Britain. London: Batsford.Google Scholar
Ward-Perkins, B. 1996. Urban continuity, in Christie, N. & Loseby, S. T. (ed.) Towns in transition: urban evolution in Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages: 417. Aldershot: Scolar.Google Scholar
White, R.H. 2000. Wroxeter and the transformation of Late Roman urbanism, in Slater, T. R. (ed.) Towns in decline, AD 100-1600: 96119. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
White, R.H. 2007. Britannia Prima: Britain’s last Roman province. Stroud: Tempus.Google Scholar
White, R.H. & Barker, P.. 1998. Wroxeter: the life and death of a Roman city. Stroud: Tempus.Google Scholar
Wickham, C. 2005. Framing the early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400-800. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, I. 2003. The final phase, in Todd, M. (ed.) A companion to Roman Britain: 428–42. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar