Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T03:00:15.476Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Who was buried at Stonehenge?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Mike Parker Pearson
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK (Email: [email protected])
Andrew Chamberlain
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK (Email: [email protected])
Mandy Jay
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, Durham, UK
Peter Marshall
Affiliation:
Chronologies, 25 Onslow Road, Sheffield S11 7AF, UK
Josh Pollard
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Colin Richards
Affiliation:
School of Arts, Histories and Cultures, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Julian Thomas
Affiliation:
School of Arts, Histories and Cultures, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Chris Tilley
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
Kate Welham
Affiliation:
School of Conservation Sciences, University of Bournemouth, Bournemouth, UK

Abstract

Stonehenge continues to surprise us. In this new study of the twentieth-century excavations, together with the precise radiocarbon dating that is now possible, the authors propose that the site started life in the early third millennium cal BC as a cremation cemetery within a circle of upright bluestones. Britain's most famous monument may therefore have been founded as the burial place of a leading family, possibly from Wales.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Atkinson, R.J.C. 1956. Stonehenge. London: Hamish Hamilton.Google Scholar
Atkinson, R.J.C 1979. Stonehenge (third edition). Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Bayliss, A., Bronk Ramsey, C. & Mccormac, F. G.. 1997. Dating Stonehenge, in Renfrew, C. & Cunliffe, B. (ed.) Science and Stonehenge (Proceedings of the British Academy 92): 3959. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. 1991. Ritual, time and history. World Archaeology 23: 209–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brickley, M. & Mckinley, J. I.. 2004. Guidelines to the Standards for Recording Human Remains (IFA Technical Paper 7). Southampton: BABAO, Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton.Google Scholar
Burl, A. 2006. Stonehenge: a new history of the world's greatest stone circle. London: Constable.Google Scholar
Chamberlain, A. & Parker Pearson, M.. 2007. Units of measurement in Late Neolithic southern Britain, in Larsson, M. & Parker, M. Pearson (ed.) From Stonehenge to the Baltic: living with cultural diversity in the third millennium BC (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1692): 169–74. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Cleal, R.M.J. 1995. Earlier prehistoric pottery, in Cleal, R.M.J., Walker, K. E. & Montague, R. (ed.) Stonehenge in its landscape: twentieth-century excavations: 349–67. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Cleal, R.N.J., Walker, K. E. & Montague, R.. 1995. Stonehenge in its landscape: twentieth-century excavations. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Cunnington, M. E. 1929. Woodhenge. Devizes: Simpson.Google Scholar
Evans, J. G. 1984. Stonehenge - the environment in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age and a Beaker-Age burial. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 78: 730.Google Scholar
Fleming, A. 2004. Hail to the chiefdom? The quest for social archaeology, in Cherry, J., Scarre, C. & Shennan, S. (ed.) Explaining social change: studies in honour of Colin Renfrew: 141–7. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.Google Scholar
Harding, A. F. with Lee, G. E.. 1987. Henge monuments and related sites of Great Britain: air photographic evidence and catalogue (British Archaeological Reports British Series 175). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Harding, J. 2003. Henge monuments of the British Isles. Stroud: Tempus.Google Scholar
Hawley, W. 1921. The excavations at Stonehenge. The Antiquaries Journal 1:1939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawley, W. 1922. Second report on the excavations at Stonehenge. The Antiquaries Journal 2:3651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawley, W. 1923. Third report of the excavations at Stonehenge during the season of 1923. The Antiquaries Journal 3:120.Google Scholar
Hawley, W. 1928. Report on the excavations at Stonehenge during 1925 and 1926. The Antiquaries Journal 8:149–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayden, B. 2003. Shamans, sorcerers and saints: a prehistory of religion. Washington D.C: Smithsonian Books.Google Scholar
Hedges, R.M.E., Pettitt, P. B., Bronk Ramsey, C. & Van Klinken, G. J.. 1997. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 23. Archaeometry 39(1):247–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanting, J. N., Aerts-Bijma, A. T. & Van Der Plicht, J.. 2001. Dating of cremated bones. Radiocarbon 43(2A):249–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynch, F. & Musson, C.. 2004. A prehistoric and early medieval complex at Llandegai, near Bangor, north Wales. Archaeologia Cambrensis 150:17142.Google Scholar
Mays, S., Brickley, M. & Dodwell, N.. 2002. Human bones from archaeological sites: guidelines for producing assessment documents and analytical reports. London: English Heritage/BABAO.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mckinley, J. I. 1995. Human bone, in Cleal, R.M.J., Walker, K. E. & Montague, R. (ed.) Stonehenge in its landscape: twentieth-century excavations: 451–61. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Mckinley, J. I. & Roberts, C. A.. 1993. Excavation and post-excavation treatment of cremated and inhumed human remains (IFA Technical Paper 13). Birmingham: Institute of Field Archaeologists.Google Scholar
Montague, R. 1995. Bone and antler small objects, in Cleal, R.M.J., Walker, K. E. & Montague, R. (ed.) Stonehenge in its landscape: twentieth-century excavations: 407–14. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Montague, R. & Gardiner, J.. 1995. Other stone, in Cleal, R.M.J., Walker, K. E. & Montague, R. (ed.) Stonehenge in its landscape: twentieth-century excavations: 390–99. London:English Heritage.Google Scholar
Newham, C. A. n.d. The three car park post holes. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Parker Pearson, M. 2007. The Stonehenge Riverside Project: excavations at the east entrance of Durrington Walls, in Larsson, M. & Parker Pearson, M. (ed.) From Stonehenge to the Baltic: living with cultural diversity in the third millennium BC (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1692): 125–44. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Parker Pearson, M., Cleal, R., Marshall, P., Needham, S., Pollard, J., Richards, C., Ruggles, C., Sheridan, A., Thomas, J., Tilley, C., Welham, K., Chamberlain, A., Chenery, C., Evans, J., Knüsel, C., Linford, N., Martin, L., Montgomery, J., Payne, A. & Richards, M.. 2007. The age of Stonehenge. Antiquity 81: 617–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitts, M. 1982. On the road to Stonehenge: report on investigations beside the A344 in 1968, 1979 and 1980. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 48:75132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitts, M. 2001. Hengeworld (second edition). London: Arrow Books.Google Scholar
Pitts, M., Bayliss, A., Mckinley, J., Boylston, A., Budd, P., Evans, J., Chenery, C., Reynolds, A. & Semple, S.. 2002. An Anglo-Saxon decapitation and burial at Stonehenge. Wiltshire Archaeological & Natural History Magazine 95:131–46.Google Scholar
Pollard, J. & Robinson, D.. 2007. A return to Woodhenge: the results and implications of the 2006 excavations, in Larsson, M. & Parker Pearson, M. (ed.) From Stonehenge to the Baltic: living with cultural diversity in the third millennium BC (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1692): 159–68. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Pollard, J. & Ruggles, C.. 2001. Shifting perceptions: spatial order, cosmology, and patterns of deposition at Stonehenge. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 11:6990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renfrew, C. 1973. Monuments, mobilisation and social organisation in Neolithic Wessex, in Renfrew, C. (ed.) The Explanation of culture change: 539–58. London:Duckworth.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. S. 2007. The internal features at Durrington Walls: investigations in the Southern Circle and Western Enclosures 2005-6, in Larsson, M. & Pearson, M. Parker (ed.) From Stonehenge to the Baltic: living with cultural diversity in the third millennium BC (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1692): 145–57. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. S., Parker Pearson, M., Pollard, J., Richards, C., Tilley, C. & Welham, K.. 2009 [this volume]. The date of the Greater Stonehenge Cursus. Antiquity 83:4053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wainwright, G. J. with Longworth, I. H.. 1971. Durrington Walls: excavations 1966-1968 (Report of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 29). London: Society of Antiquaries of London.Google Scholar
Ward, G. K. & Wilson, R. S.. 1978. Procedures for comparing and combining radiocarbon age determinations: a critique. Archaeometry 20: 1931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar