Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T19:26:03.680Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tools Makyth Man

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Kenneth Oakley
Kenneth Oakley*
Affiliation:
British Museum (Natural History)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Benjamin Franklin appears to have been the first to call Man the ‘tool-making animal’ while Thomas Carlyle in Sartor Resartus (1833)declared : ‘Without tools he is nothing.’ In pre-Darwinian days the definition of Man was no more than philosophical exercise. That Man might have evolved from lower animals was in the minds of very few people in those days. Certainly the question of how to draw a boundary between pre-human and human had not yet become a practical issue. Even the conception that Man had a long unrecorded past had barely taken root a hundred years ago, although the seeds of the idea had been sown by a few men far ahead of their time, such as Isaac de la Peyrère, who published a book in Pans in 1655 on Primi Nomines ante Adamum, and John Frere whose discovery of flint tools in brickearths at Home in Suffolk led him to infer in 1797 that they had been ‘ used by a people who had not the use of metals ’, and ‘ belonged to a very ancient period indeed, even before that of the present world ’.

Type
Research Article
Information
Antiquity , Volume 31 , Issue 124 , December 1957 , pp. 199 - 209
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 1957

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arambourg, O. (1950). ‘Traces possible d’une Industrie primitive dans un niveau Villafranchien de l’Afrique du Nord’, Bull. Soc. préhist. Franç., vol. 47, pp. 348–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arambourg, O. (1955). ‘A recent discovery in human palaeontology, Atlanthropus of Ternifine (Algeria)’, Am. J. Phy. Anthrop., N.S., vol. 13 (2), pp. 191–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balout, L. (1955). Préhistoire de l’Afrique du Nord, Paris. (Ain Hanech, pp. 163 ff.)Google Scholar
Barnes, A. S. (1939). ‘The Difference between Natural and Human Flaking on Prehistoric Stone Implements’, Amer. Anthrop., vol. 41, pp. 99–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, A. S. (1943). ‘High-Angle Edge Flaking of Flint’, Nature, vol. 152, p. 477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartholomew, G. A., and Birdsell, J. B. (1953). ‘Ecology and the Protohominids’, Amer. Anthrop., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 481–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, D., Teilhard De Chardin, P., Young, C. C., and Pei, W. C. (1933). ‘Fossil Man in China : The Choukoutien Cave Deposits with a Synopsis of our Present Knowledge of the Late Cenozoic in China’, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser. A., no. 11.Google Scholar
Broom, R. (1946). ‘The Occurrence and General Structure of the South African Ape-men’, Transvaal Museum Memoir, no. 2, pp. 7–153.Google Scholar
Burkitt, M. C. (1956). ‘Some Early Prehistoric Cultures South of the Sahara’, Scientia, vol. 91, no. 10, pp. 304–8 (esp. p. 306).Google Scholar
Crawford, O. G. S. (1921). Man and his Past, Oxford.Google Scholar
Dart, R. A. (1957). ‘The Osteodontokeratic Culture of Australopithecus prometheus ’, Transvaal Museum Memoir, no. 10.Google Scholar
Hooijer, D. A. (1957). ‘The Correlation of Fossil Mammalian Faunas and the Plio-Pleistocene Boundary in Java’, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad., Amsterdam, ser.B., vol. 60, no. 1.Google Scholar
Koenigswald, G. H. R. von (1950). ‘Fossil Hominids from the Lower Pleistocene of Java’, Rep.XVIII Int. Geol. Cong. (1948), pp. 59–61.Google Scholar
Leakey, L. S. B. (1951). Olduvai Gorge, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lowe, C. van Riet (1952). ‘The Pleistocene Geology and Prehistory of Uganda’, Part II, Geol. Surv. Uganda, mem. no. VI.Google Scholar
Moir, J. R. (1927). The Antiquity of Man in East Anglia, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Movius, H. L. (1949). ‘The Lower Palaeolithic Cultures of Southern and Eastern Asia’, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., N.S., vol. 38, pt. 4. (Pre-Soan, p. 377, Locality 13, p. 390.)Google Scholar
Oakley, K. P. (1954a). ‘The Dating of the Australopithecinae of Africa’, Am. J. Phy. Anthrop,, N.S., vol. 12, pp. 9–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oakley, K. P. (1954b). ‘Early Man in Africa’, S. Afr. Arch. Bull., vol. 9, pp. 64–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oakley, K. P. (1949). Man the Tool-Maker, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London (3rd edn. 1956).Google Scholar
Obermaier, H. (1924). Fossil Man in Spain, New Haven. (Good account of eolith controversy.)Google Scholar
Pei, W. C. (1934). Report on The Excavation of the Locality 13 in Choukoutien, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 359–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, J. T., and Mason, R. J. (1957). ‘Occurrence of Stone Artifacts with Australopithecus at Sterkfontein’, Nature, vol. 180, pp. 521–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rust, A. (1956). Artefakte aus der Zeit des Homo heidelbergensis in Süd- und Norddeutschland, Bonn.Google Scholar
Warren, S. H. (1940). ‘Geological and Prehistoric Traps’, Essex Nat., vol. 27, pp. 13–19.Google Scholar
Warren, S. H. (1948). ‘The Crag Platform : its Geology and Archaeological Problem’, S.E. Nat. and Antiq., vol. 53, pp. 48–52.Google Scholar