Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T07:48:18.946Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Neolithic land-use and environmental degradation: a study from the Western Isles of Scotland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2015

Coralie M Mills
Affiliation:
AOC Archaeology Group, Edgefield Road Industrial Estate, Loanhead, Midlothian EH20 9SY, UK (Email: [email protected])
Ian Armit
Affiliation:
School of Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen’s University Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
Kevin J Edwards
Affiliation:
Department of Geography & Environment and Northern Studies Centre, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3U, UK
Pamela Grinter
Affiliation:
The Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity, Arts Building, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Ymke Mulder
Affiliation:
Mjölnerbacken 76, 17460 Sundbyberg, Sweden

Abstract

Investigation of a partially waterlogged Neolithic site, on an islet in a Scottish Hebridean loch, showed that early strategies of exploitation were already environmentally damaging. Loss of soil fertility through intensive ploughing is well-documented, but stripping the turf can be equally damaging to the environment. Working on the lake settlement of Eilean Domhnuill in North Uist, the authors show that turf was cut for building material and used as fuel and that this practice contributed to a rapid degradation of the land surface through erosion.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armit, I. 1992. The Hebridean Neolithic, in Sharples, N. & Sheridan, J.A. (eds.), Vessels for the ancestors: 307–21. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Armit, I. 2003. The Drowners: permanence and transience in the Hebridean Neolithic, in Armit, I., Murphy, E., Nelis, E. & Simpson, D.D.A. (eds.), Neolithic settlement in Ireland and western Britain: 93–100. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Armit, I. in prep. A Neolithic lake settlement in the Hebrides: Eilean Domhnuill, Loch Olabhat, North Uist. Monograph.Google Scholar
Branigan, K., Edwards, K.J. & Merrony, C.. 2002. Bronze Age fuel: the oldest direct evidence for deep peat cutting and stack construction?, Antiquity 76: 849–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, S. 1998. The use of peat and other organic sediments as fuel in northern Scotland: identifications derived from soil thin sections, in Mills, C.M. & Coles, G. (eds.), 1998: 99103.Google Scholar
Crone, B.A. 1993. Excavation and survey of sub-peat features of Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Age Date at Bharpa Carinish, North Uist, Scotland, Proc Prehist Soc 59: 361–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crone, B.A. forthcoming. Analysis of the carbonised and waterlogged wood, in Armit, I. in prep.Google Scholar
Crowley, N. Forthcoming. Analysis of burnt material, in Armit, I. in prep.Google Scholar
Dickson, C. 1998. Past uses of turf in the Northern Isles, in Mills, C.M. & Coles, G (eds.), 1998: 105–9.Google Scholar
Edwards, K.J. 1996. A Mesolithic of the Western and Northern Isles of Scotland? Evidence from pollen and charcoal, in Pollard, T. & Morrison, A. (eds.), The early prehistory of Scotland: 2338. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, K.J., Mulder, Y., Lomax, T.A., Whittington, G. & Hirons, K.R.. 2000. Human-environment interactions in prehistoric landscapes: the example of the Outer Hebrides, in Hooke, D. (ed.) Landscape, the richest historical record. Society for Landscape Studies Supplementary Series 1: 1332.Google Scholar
Edwards, K.J. & Whittington, G.. 2001. Lake sediments, erosion and landscape change during the Holocene in Britain and Ireland, Catena 42: 143–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, C. Forthcoming. Soil micromorphological analysis, in Armit, I. in prep.Google Scholar
Grinter, P. Forthcoming. The plant remains, in Armit, I. in prep.Google Scholar
Guttman, E.B. 2001. Continuity and change in arable land management in the Northern Isles: evidence from anthropogenic soils. Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Environmental Science, University of Stirling.Google Scholar
Hallén, Y. Forthcoming. Animal Bone, in Armit, I. in prep.Google Scholar
Mills, C. 1993. ‘Microfossil analysis’, in Crone, B.A. 1993: 376–8.Google Scholar
Mills, C.M. & Coles, G.. (eds.). 1998. Life on the edge: human settlement and marginality. Oxbow Monograph 100. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Mulder, Y. 1999. Aspects of vegetation and settlement history in the Southern Outer Hebrides. Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Archaeology & Prehistory, University of Sheffield.Google Scholar
Mulder, Y. & Edwards, K.J.. Forthcoming. Palynological studies of landscape change at Loch Olabhat and Eilean Domhnuill, in Armit, I. in prep.Google Scholar
Richards, M.P. & Mellars, P.A.. 1998. Stable isotopes and the seasonality of the Oronsay middens, Antiquity 72: 178–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritchie, A. 1983. Excavations of a Neolithic farmstead at Knap of Howar, Papa Westray, Orkney, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 113: 40121.Google Scholar
Roper, T. & Clark, S.H.E.. Forthcoming. The insect remains, in Armit, I. in prep.Google Scholar
Simpson, I.A. 1998. Early land management at Tofts Ness, Sanday, Orkney: the evidence of thin section micromorphology, in Mills, C.M. & Coles, G. (eds.) 1998: 918.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M., Reimer, P., Bard, E., Beck, J.W., Burr, G.S., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., Mccormac, G., Van Der Plicht, J. & Spurk, M.. 1998. ‘INTCAL98’ Radiocarbon age calibration, 24000–0 cal BP, Radiocarbon 40: 104183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tipping, R. & Mccullagh, R.. 1998. A dynamic landscape, in McCullagh, R. & Tipping, R. (eds.), The evolution of an archaeological landscape in Northern Scotland: 202214. Edinburgh: STAR.Google Scholar
Whittle, A., Keith-Lucas, M., Milles, A., Noddle, B., Rees, S. & Romans, J.C.C.. 1986. Scord of Brouster: an early agricultural settlement on Shetland. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar