Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T22:55:25.618Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The microstratigraphy of middens: capturing daily routine in rubbish at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Lisa-Marie Shillito
Affiliation:
BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK (Email: [email protected])
Wendy Matthews
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
Matthew J. Almond
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
Ian D. Bull
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK

Extract

Microstratigraphy — the sequencing of detailed biological signals on site — is an important new approach being developed in the Çatalhöyük project. Here the authors show how microscopic recording of the strata and content of widespread middens on the tell are revealing daily activities and the selective employment of plants in houses and as fuel. Here we continue to witness a major advance in the practice of archaeological investigation.

Type
Method
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akça, E., Kapur, S., Özdöl, S., Hodder, I., Poblome, J., Arocena, J., Kelling, G. & Bedestenci, ç. 2009. Clues of production for the Neolithic ç atalhöyük (central Anatolia) pottery. Scientific Research and Essay 4: 612-25.Google Scholar
Albert, R-M, Berna, F. & Goldberg, P. In press. Insights on Neanderthal fire use at Kebara Cave (Israel) through high resolution study of prehistoric combustion features: evidence from phytoliths and thin sections. Quaternary International 12. doi:10.1016/j. quaint.2010.10.016.Google Scholar
Bailey, G. 2007. Time perspectives, palimpsests and the archaeology of time. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 26: 198223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berna, F. & Goldberg, P. 2007. Assessing Paleolithic pyrotechnology and associated hominin behavior in Israel. Israel Journal of Earth Science 56: 107121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berna, F., Behar, A., Shahack-Gross, R., Berg, J., Boaretto, E., Gilboa, A., Sharon, I., Shalev, S., Shilstein, S., Yahalom-Mack, N., Zorn, J. R. & Weiner, S. 2007. Sediments exposed to high temperatures: reconstructing pyrotechnological processes in Late Bronze and Iron Age strata at Tel Dor (Israel). Journal of Archaeological Science 34: 358-73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boardman, S. & Jones, G. 1990. Experiments on the effects of charring on cereal plant components. Journal of Archaeological Science 17: 111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogaard, A, Charles, M., Ergun, M., Jones, G., Ng, K., Polcyn, M. & Stone, N. 2005. Macrobotanical remains. ç atalhöyük Archive Report 2005: 152-5.Google Scholar
Bogaard, A., Charles, M., Twiss, K. C., Fairbairn, A., Yalman, N., Filipović, D., Demirergi, G. A., Ertuğ, F., Russell, N. & Henecke, J. 2009. Private pantries and celebrated surplus: storing and sharing food at Neolithic ç atalhöyük, Central Anatolia. Antiquity 83: 649-68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, D. 2006. Space 261. Ç atalhöyük Archive Report 2006: 84-9.Google Scholar
Bull, I. D., Simpson, I. A., Bergen, P. F. Van & Evershed, R. P. 1999. Muck 'n' molecules: organic geochemical methods for detecting ancient manuring. Antiquity 73: 8696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, P.Federoff, N., Jongerius, A., Stoops, G. & Tursina, T. (ed.). 1985. Handbook for soil thin section description. Albrighton: Waine Research.Google Scholar
Canti, M. G. 1999. The production and preservation of faecal spherulites: animals, environment and taphonomy. Journal of Archaeological Science 26: 251-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canti, M. G. 2003. Aspects of the chemical and microscopic characteristics of plant ashes found in archaeological soils CATENA 54: 339-61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Courty, M. A., Goldberg, P. & Macphail, R. 1989. Soils and micromorphology in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Czerniak, L. & Marciniak, A. 2004. Excavations of the TP Area. Ç atalhöyük Archive Report 2004.Google Scholar
Fairbairn, A., Asouti, E., Russell, N. & Swogger, J. 2005. Seasonality, in Hodder, I. (ed.) Ç atalhöyük perspectives: themes from the 1995-99 seasons (McDonald Institute Monographs/BIAA Monograph 40): 93108. London: British Institute at Ankara; Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.Google Scholar
Goldberg, P., Miller, C. E., Schiegl, S., Ligouis, B., Berna, F., Conard, N. & Wadley, L. 2009. Bedding, hearths, and site maintenance in the Middle Stone Age of Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 1: 95122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodder, I. 2006. The Leopard's Tale: revealing the mysteries of Çatalhöyük. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. & Cessford, C. 2004. Daily practice and social memory at Çatalhöyük. American Antiquity 69: 1740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, E. 2005. Phytoliths. Çatalhöyük Archive Report 2005: 155-6.Google Scholar
Karkanas, P. 2007. Identification of lime plaster in prehistory using petrographic methods: a review and reconsideration of the data on the basis of experimental and case studies. Geoarchaeology 22: 775-96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karkanas, P. & Efstratiou, N. 2009. Floor sequences at Neolithic Makri, Greece: micromorphology reveals cycles of renovation. Antiquity 83: 955-67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, L. & Russell, N. 2000. Trashing rubbish, in Hodder, I. (ed.) Towards reflexive method in archaeology: the example at ç atalhöyük: 5769. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.Google Scholar
Matthews, W. 2001. Micromorphological analysis of occupational sequences, in Matthews, R. & Postage, N. (ed.) Contextual analysis of the use of space at two Near Eastern Bronze Age sites. doi: 10.5284/1000206.Google Scholar
Matthews, W. 2005. Micromorphological and microstratigraphic traces of uses and concepts of space, in Hodder, I. (ed.) Inhabiting ç atalhöyük: reports from the 1995-1999 seasons (McDonald Institute Monographs/BIAA Monograph 40): 355-98. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research and the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara.Google Scholar
Matthews, W. 2010. Geoarchaeology and taphonomy of plant remains and micromorphological residues in early urban environments in the ancient Near East. Quaternary International 214: 98113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, W., French, C. I. A., Lawrence, T., Cutler, D. F. & Jones, M. K. 1997. Microstratigraphic traces of site formation processes and human activities. World Archaeology 29: 281308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, W., Shillito, L-M., Almond, M. J., Walker, G., Bowen, J., Anderson, E. & Koromilla, G. 2010. Integrated micro-contextual approaches: micromorphology and sub-surface terahertz imaging of architectural materials and paintings, and organic residue, phytolith, and geochemical analysis of middens. Çatalhöyük Archive Report 2010: 132-48.Google Scholar
Monks, G. G. 1981. Seasonality studies. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 4: 177240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, A. M. 2005. Phytolith indicators of plant and land use at Çatalhöyük. Inhabiting ç atalhöyük: reports from the 1995-1999 seasons. Hodder, I. (ed) (McDonald Institute Monographs/BIAA Monograph 40): 203212. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research and the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara.Google Scholar
Shahack-Gross, R., Albert, R-M., Gilboa, A., Nagar-Hilman, O., Sharon, I. & Weiner, S. 2005. Geoarchaeology in an urban context: the uses of space in a Phoenician monumental building at Tel Dor (Israel). Journal of Archaeological Science 32: 1417-31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shillito, L-M. 2011. Taphonomic observations of archaeological wheat phytoliths from Neolithic Çatalhöyük and the use of conjoined phytoliths as an indicator of water availability Archaeometry. 53(3): 631-41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shillito, L.-M., Matthews, W. & Almond, M. 2008. Investigating midden formation processes and cultural activities at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey. Antiquity 82. Available at: http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/shillito317/.Google Scholar
Shillito, L.-M., Almond, M. J., Nicholson, J., Pantos, M. & Matthews, W. 2009. Rapid characterisation of archaeological midden components using FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM-EDX and micro XRD. Spectrochimica Acta Part A 73(1): 133-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simpson, I. A. & Barret, J. H. 1996. Interpretation of midden processes at Robert's Haven, Caithness, Scotland, using thin section micromorphology. Journal of Archaeological Science 23: 543-56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, I. A., Dockrill, S. J., Bull, I. D. & Evershed, R. P. 1998. Early anthropogenic soil formation at Tofts Ness, Sanday, Orkney. Journal of Archaeological Science 25: 729-46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, J. K. & Deo, J. N. 2003. Big sites - short time: accumulation rates in archaeological sites. Journal of Archaeological Science 30: 297316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Der Veen, M. 2007. Formation processes of desiccated and carbonized plant remains - the identification of routine practice. Journal of Archaeological Science 34: 968-90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiner, S. 2010. Microarchaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeomans, L. 2005. Discard and disposal practises at ç atalhöyük: a study through the characteristation of the faunal remains, in Hodder, I. (ed.). Inhabiting Çatalhöyük: reports from the 1995-1999 seasons (McDonald Institute Monographs/BIAAMonograph 40): 573-85. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research and the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara.Google Scholar
Yeomans, L. 2006. Central midden area sealing earlier buildings Space 279. Çatalhöyük Archive Report 2006: 2730.Google Scholar