Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T06:39:14.893Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

From the perspective of time: hunter-gatherer burials in south-eastern Australia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Judith Littleton*
Affiliation:
*Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, Private Mail Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand (Email: [email protected])

Extract

In this study of the Murray River basin in south-eastern Australia, the author shows that Aboriginal burials are persistently attracted to specific kinds of landscape feature intermittently over long periods of time. Some attributes of burial, like body position, vary from site to site and over much shorter periods; others, like orientation, are even more local, relating only to a specific group of graves. Burial rites are thus sets of variables which may be independent of each other and change at different rates. Far from reflecting cultural arrivals and departures, in south-eastern Australia burial grounds were never formally founded and continually abandoned.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anschuetz, K. F., Wilshusen, R. H. & Scheick, C. L.. 2001. An archaeology of landscapes: perspectives and directions. Journal of Archaeological Research 9: 157211.Google Scholar
Bailey, G. 1983. Concepts of time in quaternary prehistory. Annual Review of Anthropology 12: 165–92.Google Scholar
Bickford, A. 1966. The traditonal economy of the Aborigines of the Murray valley. Unpublished BA Hons dissertation, University of Sydney.Google Scholar
Birdsell, J. 1953. Some environmental and cultural factors influencing the structuring of Australian Aboriginal populations. American Naturalist 87: 171207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackwood, R. & Simpson, K.. 1973. Attitudes of Aboriginal skeletons excavated in the Murray valley region between Mildura and Renmark, Australia. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 34: 99151.Google Scholar
Bonhomme, T. 1990. Report on burials and sandmining in the riverine plain. Report for NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney.Google Scholar
Bowdler, S. 1983. Archaeological investigation of a threatened Aboriginal burial site near Robinvale, on the Murray River, Victoria. Report to the Victorian Archaeological Service, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. 1998. The significance of monuments: on the shaping of human experience in Neolithic and Bronze Age Europe. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Clark, P. & Hope, J.. 1985. Aboriginal burials and shell middens at Snaggy Bend and other sites on the central Murray River. Australian Archaeologist 20: 6889.Google Scholar
Coutts, P., Henderson, P. & Fullagar, R.. 1979. A preliminary investigation of Aboriginal mounds in north-western Victoria. Records of the Victorian Archaeological Service 9.Google Scholar
Dowling, P. 1989. Violent epidemics. Unpublished MA dissertation, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Fanning, P. & Holdaway, S.. 2001. Stone artifact scatters in western NSW, Australia: Geomorphic controls on artifact size and distribution. Geoarchaeology 16: 667–86.Google Scholar
Gerstaecher, F. 1853. Narrative of a journey round the world. New York: Harper & Brothers.Google Scholar
Goldstein, L. 1981. One-dimensional archaeology and multi-dimensional people: spatial organisation and mortuary analysis, in Chapman, R., Kinnes, I. & Randsborg, K. (ed.) The archaeology of death: 5370. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hercus, L. 1969. The languages of Victoria: a late survey. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.Google Scholar
Holdaway, S., Fanning, P. & Littleton, J.. 2005. Assessing the frequency distribution of radiocarbon determinations from the Late Holocene of western New South Wales, Australia. Paper presented at the 2005 Australasian Archaeometry Conference, Canberra.Google Scholar
Jacobs, K. 1995. Returning to Oleni'ostrov: social, economic and skeletal dimensions of a boreal forest Mesolithic cemetery. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14: 359403.Google Scholar
Johnston, H. & Littleton, J.. 1993. Report on the burials project, western New South Wales. Report for New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney.Google Scholar
Karoly, D., Risbey, J. & Reynolds, A.. 2003. Global warming contributes to Australia's worst drought. Report, World Wide Fund for Nature, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Littleton, J. 1997. Burials on the Hay Plain (technical report). Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.Google Scholar
Littleton, J. 1998. East and west: burial practices along the Murray River. Archaeology in Oceania 34: 114.Google Scholar
Littleton, J. 2000. Taphonomic effects of erosion on deliberately buried bodies. Journal of Archaeological Science 27: 518.Google Scholar
Littleton, J. 2002. Mortuary behaviour on the Hay Plain: do cemeteries exist? Archaeology in Oceania 37: 105–22.Google Scholar
Littleton, J., Johnston, H. & Pardoe, C.. 1994. The Lake Victoria lakebed survey (technical report). New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney.Google Scholar
Martin, S. 1996. The Lake Victoria cultural heritage study background paper: The anthropology. Report for the Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra.Google Scholar
Massola, A. 1971. The Aborigines of south-east Australia as they were. Melbourne: William Heineman.Google Scholar
Matthews, R. 1911. Some mourning customs of the Australian Aborigines. Australian Association for the Advancement of Science 13: 445–49.Google Scholar
Mereweather, J. D. R. 1859. Diary of a working clergyman in Australia and Tasmania kept during the years 1850-1853. London: Hatchard.Google Scholar
Mitchell, T. 1839. Three expeditions into the interior of eastern Australia. London.Google Scholar
Morphy, H. 1995. Landscape and the reproduction of the ancestral past, in Hirsch, E. & O'Hanlon, M. (ed.) The anthropology of landscape: 184209. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morphy, H. 1998. Cultural adaptation, in Harrison, G. & Morphy, H. (ed.) Human adaptation: 99150. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Murray, T. 1999. Time and archaeology. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Page, K., Nanson, G. & Price, D.. 1991. The chronology of late quaternary deposition on the riverine plain of south-eastern Australia. Australian Geographer 22: 1419.Google Scholar
Pardoe, C. 1985. Variation in mortuary patterning along the Darling River. Report for the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra.Google Scholar
Pardoe, C. 1988a. The cemetery as symbol. The distribution of prehistoric Aboriginal burial grounds in southeastern Australia. Archaeology in Oceania 16: 173-8.Google Scholar
Pardoe, C. 1988b. The Mallee Cliffs burial (central River Murray) and population based archaeology. Australian Archaeology 27: 4562.Google Scholar
Pardoe, C. 1993. Wamba Yadu, a later Holocene cemetery of the central Murray River. Archaeology in Oceania 28: 7784.Google Scholar
Pardoe, C. 1995. Riverine, biological and cultural evolution in south-eastern Australia. Antiquity 69: 696714.Google Scholar
Parker Pearson, M. 1999. The archaeology of death and burial. Stroud: Sutton.Google Scholar
Pate, D. & Owen, T.. 2001. Progress report - Radiocarbon dating of bone collagen: Establishing a chronology for the Swanport Aboriginal burial ground, South Australia. Report for the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Environment, Sydney.Google Scholar
Pate, D., Pretty, G. L., Hunter, R., Tuniz, C. & Lawson, E.. 1998. New radiocarbon dates for the Roonka Flat Aboriginal burial ground, South Australia. Australian Archaeologist 46: 3637.Google Scholar
Pretty, G. 1977. The cultural chronology of Roonka Flat - a preliminary consideration, in Wright, R. (ed.) Stone tools as cultural markers: 288331. Canberra: AIAS.Google Scholar
Schlanger, S. 1992. Recognizing persistent places in Anasazi settlement systems, in Rossignol, J. & Wandsnider, L. (ed.) Space, time and archaeological landscapes: 91112. New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Stern, N. 1994. The implications of time-averaging for reconstructing the land-use patterns of early tool using hominids. Journal of Human Evolution 27: 89105.Google Scholar
Stirling, E. 1911. Preliminary report on the discovery of native remains at Swanport, River Murray; with an inquiry into the alleged occurrence of a pandemic among the Australian Aboriginals. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria 35: 450.Google Scholar
Sunderland, S. & Ray, L.. 1959. A note on the Murray Black collection of Australian Aboriginal skeletons. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 71: 4550.Google Scholar
Thorne, A. 1971. Kow Swamp and Lake Mungo. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Sydney.Google Scholar
Tindale, N. 1974. Aboriginal tribes of Australia. Canberra: ANU Press.Google Scholar
Walthall, J. 1999. Mortuary behavior and early Holocene land use in the North American midcontinent. North American Archaeologist 20: 130.Google Scholar
Wandsnider, L. 1998. Regional scale processes and archaeological landscape units, in Ramenofsky, A. & Steffen, A. (ed.) Unit issues in archaeology: measuring time, space and material: 87102. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.Google Scholar
Witter, D., Fullagar, R. & Pardoe, C.. 1993. The Terramungamine Incident: a double burial with grave goods near Dubbo, New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum Suppl. 17: 77-89Google Scholar