Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T19:59:00.123Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Early civilization in the Casma Valley, Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Shelia Pozorski  and
Thomas Pozorski
Shelia Pozorski
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg TX 78539, USA
Thomas Pozorski
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg TX 78539, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Since 1980 intensive archaeological investigations have been carried out at several early sites, occupied from late preceramic through early ceramic times (4150–2950b.p.), in the Casma Valley, Peru. Preliminary results document increasing societal complexity over time as reflected in the exponential growth of monumental architecture, the acquisition of irrigation agriculture, the rise of two complex polities within the valley and the separation of religious and secular power within the ruling élite.

Type
Papers
Information
Antiquity , Volume 66 , Issue 253 , December 1992 , pp. 845 - 870
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alva, W. 1986. Las Salinas de Chao. Munich: Beck, Verlag C.H. Materialen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie 34. Google Scholar
Baines, J. & MALEK, J. 1989. Atlas of ancient Egypt. New York: Facts on File.Google Scholar
Bawden, G. 1989. The Andean state as a state of mind, Journal of Anthropological Research, 45 (3): 327–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billman, B. 1989. Land, water and architecture: political and economic organization of an early Andean state. Unpublished M.A. paper in anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara (CA).Google Scholar
Bischof, H. 1988. Los relieves de barro de Cerro, Sechín, Boletín de Lima 10 (55): 59–68.Google Scholar
Bischof, H. 1991. La pintura occidental de felino de Cerro Sechin (Peru): una vista diferente, Latin American Antiquity 2: 188–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonnier, E. 1988a. Arquitectura precerámica en la cordillera de los Andes, Piruru frente a la diversidad de los datos, Antropológica 6 (6): 336–61.Google Scholar
Bonnier, E. 1988b. Acerca del surgimiento de la arquitectura en la sierra andina, in Range1 Flores (ed.) Arquitectura y arqueología, pasado y futuro de la construcción en el Peru 35–49 Chiclayo: Universidad de Chiclayo & Museo Bruning.Google Scholar
Bonnier, E. & Rozenberg, C. 1988. Del santuario a1 caserio: acera de la neolitización en la cordillera de 1os Andes centrales Bulletin de 1’Institut FranCais d’Etudes Andines 16 (2): 23–40.Google Scholar
Bueno, A. & Samaniego, L. 1969. Hallazgos recientes en Sechín Amaru 11: 31–8.Google Scholar
Burger, R. 1985. Concluding remarks: early Peruvian civilization and its relation to the Chavin Horizon, in Donnan (ed.): 269–89.Google Scholar
Burger, R. 1987. The U-shaped pyramid complex, Cardal, Peru, National Geographic Research 3 (3): 363–75.Google Scholar
Burger, R. & Salazar-Burger, L. 1980. Ritual and religion at Huaricoto Archaeology 33 (6): 26–32.Google Scholar
Burger, R. & Salazar-Burger, L. 1985. The early ceremonial center of Huaricoto, in Donnan (ed.): 111–38.Google Scholar
Burger, R. & Salazar-Burger, L. 1986. Early organizational diversity in the Peruvian highlands: Huaricoto and Kotosh, Matos, R. Turpin, S. & Eling, H. Jr (ed.): Andean archaeology: papers in memory of Clifford Evans: 65–82.LOS Angeles (CA): University of California Institute of Archaeology. Monograph 27.Google Scholar
Carlevato, D.C. 1979. Analysis of ceramics from the Casma Valley, Peru: implications for the local chronology. Unpublished M.A. thesis in anthropology University of Wisconsin, Madison (WI)..Google Scholar
Castleden, R. 1987. The Stonehenge people. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Coe, M. 1984. Mexico. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Collier, D. 1962. Archaeological investigations in the Casma Valley, Peru, Thirty-fourth International Congress of Americanists: 411–17. Vienna.Google Scholar
Donnan, C.B. (ed.). 1985. Early ceremonial architecture in the Andes Washington (DC): Dumbarton Oaks.Google Scholar
Engel, F. 1957a. Early sites on the Peruvian coast, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 13: 54–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, F. 1957b. Sites et établissements sans céramique de la côte Péruvienne, Journal de la Société des Américanistes n.s. 46: 67–155.Google Scholar
Engel, F. 1958. Algunos datos con referencia a 1os sitios precerámicos de la costa peruana, Arqueologicas 3: 1–53. Lima: Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología.Google Scholar
Engel, F. 1966. Geografía humana prehistórica y agricultura precolombina de la quebrada de Chilca 3: I. Lima: Departamento de Publicaciones, Universidad Agraria.Google Scholar
Engel, F. 1970. Las lomas de Iguanil y el complejo de Haldas 3: I. Lima: Departamento de Publicaciones, Universidad Agraria.Google Scholar
Feldman, R.A. 1983. From maritime chiefdom to agricultural state in formative coastal Peru, in Leventhal, R. & Kolata, A. (ed.), Civilizations in the ancient Americas: essays in honor of Gordon R. Willey 289–310. Albuquerque (NM): University of New Mexico.Google Scholar
Fung, R. 1969. Las Aldas: su ubicación dentro del proceso histórico del Peru antiguo Dédalo 5 (9–10): 1–208.Google Scholar
Fung, R. 1972. Nuevos datos para el Período de Cerámica Inicial en el valle de Casma Arqueología y Sociedad 7–8: 1–12.Google Scholar
Fung, R. 1988. The Late Preceramic and Initial Period in Keatinge, R. Peruvian Prehistory: 67–96. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fung, R. & Pimentel, V. 1973. Chankillo, Revista del Museo National 39: 71–80.Google Scholar
Fung, R. & Williams, C. 1977. Exploraciones y excavaciones en el valle de Sechín, Casma, Revista del Museo Nacional 43: 111–55.Google Scholar
Grieder, T. 1975. A dated sequence for building and pottery at Las Haldas, Ñawpa Pacha 13: 99–112.Google Scholar
Giueder, T. & Bueno, A. 1985. Ceremonial architecture at La Galgada, in Donnan, (ed.): 93–109.Google Scholar
Giueder, T., Bueno, A. Smith, C.E. & Malina, R.M. 1988. La Galgada, Peru: a preceramic culture in transition. Austin (TX): University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Haas, J., Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. (ed.). 1987. The origins and development of the Andean state. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ishida, , Eiichiro, Aki, K. Yazawa, T., Izumi, S. Sato, H. Kobori, I. Terada, K. & Obayahsi, T. 1960. Andes I: the report of the University of Tokyo scientific expedition to the Andes in 1958. Tokyo: Bijutsushuppansha.Google Scholar
Izumi, S. & Terada, K. 1972. Excavations at Kotosh, Peru. A report on the third and fourth expeditions. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.Google Scholar
Kosok, P. 1965. Life, land and water in ancient Peru. New York (NY): Long Island University Press.Google Scholar
Lanning, E.P. 1967. Peru before the Incas. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Lloyd, S. 1987. The archaeology of Mesopotamia from the Old Stone Age to the Persian conquest. Revised edition. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Mackey, C. & Klymyshyn, U. 1981. Construction and labor organization in the Chimú empire, Ñawpa Pacha 19: 99–114.Google Scholar
Malpass, M.A. 1983. The preceramic occupations of the Casma Valley, Peru, in Sandweiss, D.H. (ed.), Investigations of the Andean past: 1–20. Ithaca (NY): Cornell Latin American Studies Program. Papers from the First Annual Northeast Conference on Andean Archaeology and Ethnohistory.Google Scholar
Malpass, M.A. 1991. Ocupación precerámica del valle de Casma, Peru Boletín de Lima 13 (76: 79–95.Google Scholar
Matsuzawa, T. 1978. The Formative site of Las Haldas, Peru: architecture, chronology, and economy, American Antiquity 43 653–73.Google Scholar
Middendorf, E.F. 1973a. Peru, observaciones y estudios del país y sus habitantes durante una permanencia de 25 aňos, la costa. 2. Trs. E. More. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.Google Scholar
Middendorf, E.F. 1973b. Peru, observaciones y estudios del país y sus habitantes durante una permanencia de 25 aňos, la sierra. 3. Trs. E. More. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.Google Scholar
Moore, J. 1981. Chimú socio-economic organization: preliminary data from Manchan, Casma Valley, Peru, Ñawpa Pacha 19 115–28.Google Scholar
Moseley, M.E. 1989. Changing subsistence patterns: late preceramic archaeology of the central Peruvian coast. Unpublished Ph.D dissertation in anthropology. Unpublished M.A. paper in anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge (MA).Google Scholar
Moseley, M.E. 1974. Organizational preadaptation to irrigation: the evolution of early water-management systems in coastal Peru, in Downing, T.E. & Gibson, M. (ed.), Irrigation’s impact on society: 77–82. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 25.Google Scholar
Moseley, M.E. 1975. The maritime foundations of Andean civilization. Menlo Park (CA): Cummings Publishing co.Google Scholar
Moseley, M.E. 1985. The exploration and explanation of early monumental architecture in the Andes, in Donnan (ed.): 29–57.Google Scholar
ONERN (Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales). 1972. Inventoria, evaluación y uso racional de 10s recursos naturales de la costa. Cuencas de 10s rios Casma, Culebras, y Huarmey 3. Lima.Google Scholar
Patterson, T.C. 1971. Central Peru: its economy and population, Archaeology 24 316–21.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. 1976. Prehistoric subsistence patterns and site economics in the Moche Valley, Peru. Unpublished Ph.D dissertation in Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin (TX).Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. 1983. Changing subsistence priorities and early settlement patterns on the north coast of Peru, Journal of Ethnobiology 3: 15–38.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. 1987. Theocracy vs. militarism: the significance of the Casma Valley in understanding early state formation, in Haas et al. (ed.) 15–30.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1979a. An early subsistence exchange system in the Moche Valley, Peru, Journal of Field Archaeology 6 413–32.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1979b. Alto Salaverry: a Peruvian coastal preceramic site, Annals of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 48 337–75.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1986. Recent excavations at Pampa de las Llamas-Moxeke, a complex Initial Period site in Peru, Journal of Field Archaeology 13 381–401.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1987. Early settlement and subsistence in the Casma Valley, Peru. Iowa City (IA): University of Iowa Press.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1988. Late Preceramic through Early Horizon subsistence in the Casma Valley, in Wing, E. & Wheeler, J. (eds.), Economic prehistory of the Central Andes: 95–98. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series 427.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1989. Planificación urbana prehistórica en Pampa de las Llamas-Moxeke, valle de Casma Boletín de Lima 11 (66): 19–30.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1990. Reexamining the critical preceramic/ceramic period transition: new data from coastal Peru, American Anthropologist 92 (2): 481–91.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1991a. The impact of radiocarbon dates on the maritime hypothesis: response to Quilter, American Anthropologist 93 (2): 454–5.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1991b. Storage, access control, and bureaucratic proliferation: understanding the Initial Period economy at Pampa de las Llamas-Moxeke, Casma Valley, Peru, Research in Economic Anthropology 13.Google Scholar
Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1992. Resultados preliminares del reconocimiento y excavación de sitios tempranos en el valle de Casma, Boletín de Lima 80 33–45.Google Scholar
Pozorski, T. 1980. The Early Horizon site of Huaca de 1os Reyes: societal implications, American Antiquity 45 100–110.Google Scholar
Pozorski, T. 1982. Early social stratification and subsistence systems: the Caballo Muerto Complex, in Moseley, M.E. & Day, K.C. (ed.), Chan Chan: Andean desert city: 225–53. Albuquerque (NM): University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Pozorski, T. & Pozorski, S. 1987. Chavón, the Early Horizon, and the Initial Period, in Haas et al. (ed.): 36–46.Google Scholar
Pozorski, T. & Pozorski, S. 1988. An early stone carving from Pampa de las Llamas-Moxeke, Casma Valley, Peru, Journal of Field Archaeology 15 114–19.Google Scholar
Pozorski, T. & Pozorski, S. 1990a. Huaynuná, a late Cotton Preceramic site on the north coast of Peru, Journal of Field Archaeology 17 17–26.Google Scholar
Pozorski, T. & Pozorski, S. 1990b. Reply to ‘The pre-Chavin stone sculpture of Casma and Pacopampa,’ Journal of Field Archaeology 17 110–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pozorski, T. & Pozorski, S. 1990b. In press. Early stone bowls and mortars from northern Peru, Andean Past.Google Scholar
Pozorski, T., Pozorski, S. Mackey, C. & Klymyshyn, U. 1983. Prehispanic ridged fields of the Casma Valley, Peru, The Geographical Review 73 407–16.Google Scholar
Pozorski, T., Pozorski, S. Mackey, C. & Klymyshyn, U. 1984. Campos agrícolas elevados prehispánicos en el valle de Casma, Peru, Boletín de Lima 6 (36): 38–48.Google Scholar
Proulx, D. 1968. An archaeological survey of the Nepea Valley, Peru, Department of Anthropology Research Report 2. Amherst (MA): University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Proulx, D. 1973. Archaeological investigations in the Nepeňa Valley, Peru, Department of Anthropology Research Report 13. Amherst (MA): University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Quilter, J. 1991. Late Preceramic Peru, Journal of World Prehistory 5 (4): 387–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravines, R. 1985. Early monumental architecture of the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru, in Donnan (ed.): 209–26.Google Scholar
Roosevelt, C.V.S. 1935. Ancient civilizations of the Santa Valley and Chavín, Geographical Review 25: 21–42.Google Scholar
Rowe, J.H. 1960. Cultural Unity and diversification in Peruvian archaeology, in Wallace, A.F.C. (ed.), Men and cultures, selected papers: 627–31. Philadelphia (PA): University of Pennsylvania Press. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences.Google Scholar
Rowe, J.H. 1962. Stages and periods in archaeological interpretation, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology: 18: 409–54.Google Scholar
Rowe, J.H. 1963. Urban settlements in ancient Peru, Ñawpa Pacha: 1: 1–27.Google Scholar
Samaniego, L. 1973. Los nuevos trabajos arqueológicos en Sechín, Casma, Peru. Trujillo: Larsen Ediciones.Google Scholar
Samaniego, L., Vergara, E. & Bischof, H. 1985. New evidence on Cerro Sechin, Casma Valley, Peru, in Donnan (ed.): 165–90.Google Scholar
Service, E.R. 1962. Primitive social organization: an evolutionary perspective. New York (NY): Random House.Google Scholar
Squier, E.G. 1877. Peru: incidents of travel and exploration in the land of the Incas. New York (NY): Harper & Bros.Google Scholar
Tello, J.C. 1943. Discovery of the Chavín culture in Peru, American Antiquity 9: 135–60.Google Scholar
Tello, J.C. 1956. Arqueología del valle de Casma: culturas Chavín, Santa o Huaylas Yunga y Sub-Chimú Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Publicación Antropológica del Archivo ‘Julio C. Tello’ 1.Google Scholar
Thompson, D.E. 1961. Architecture and settlement patterns in the Casma Valley, Peru. Unpublished Ph.D dissertation in anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge (MA).Google Scholar
Thompson, D.E. 1962. The problem of dating certain stonefaced stepped pyramids on the north coast of Peru, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology: 18: 291–301.Google Scholar
Thompson, D.E. 1964. Formative Period architecture in the Casma Valley, Thirty-fifth International Congress of Americanists: 1: 205–212. Mexico City.Google Scholar
Trigger, B.G. 1990. Monumental architecture: a thermodynamic explanation of symbolic behavior, World Archaeology: 22 (2): 119–32.Google Scholar
Ugent, D., Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1981. Prehistoric remains of the sweet potato, Phytologia: 49 (5): 401–15.Google Scholar
Ugent, D., Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1982. Archaeological potato tuber remains from the Casma Valley of Peru, Economic Botany: 36: 182–92.Google Scholar
Ugent, D., Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1983. Restos arqueológicos de tubéculos de papas y camotes del valle de Casma en el Peru, Boletin de Lima: 5 (25): 28–48.Google Scholar
Ugent, D., Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1984. New evidence for the ancient cultivation of, Canna edulis in Peru, Economic Botany 38: 417–32.Google Scholar
Ugent, D., Pozorski, S. & Pozorski, T. 1986. Archaeological manioc from coastal Peru, Economic Botany: 40 78–102.Google Scholar
Webb, M.C. 1987. Broader perspectives on Andean state origins, in Haas et al. (ed.): 161–7.Google Scholar
Wells, L.E. 1988. Holocene fluvial and shoreline history as a function of human and geologic factors in arid northern Peru. Unpublished Ph.D dissertation in geology, Stanford University, Stanford (CA).Google Scholar
Whitehouse, R. 1977. The first cities. New York (NY), E.P. Dutton.Google Scholar
Williams, C. 1972. La difusión de 10s pozos ceremonials en la costa peruana, Apuntes: 2 1–9.Google Scholar
Williams, C. 1985. A scheme for the early monumental architecture of the central coast of Peru, in Donnan (ed.): 227–40.Google Scholar